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  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-4986
    Keywords: Glycoside synthesis ; nitrile effect ; sialyl donors ; sialyl phosphites and phosphates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The importance and requirements for catalytic activation of sialyl donors are discussed, leading to the acid sensitive phosphite and phosphate moiety, respectively, as leaving group and nitriles as solvent. Therefore, from readily availableN-acetylneuraminic acid, derivative1 with phosphochloridites2a-f and Huenigs' base sialyl phosphites3a-f were prepared and isolated in high yields. Oxidation of3a, c withtert-butyl-hydroperoxide afforded the corresponding phosphates4a, c. As expected, phosphites3 could be activated in acetonitrile by catalytic amounts of TMSOTf; thus, from3a-e as donors and lactose derivatives8A, B as acceptors the ganglioside building blocks9A and9B, respectively, were obtained in good yields. The best results were obtained with diethyl phosphite derivative3a as sialyl donor, which exceeded by far the reults obtained with the corresponding phosphate derivative4a. Trisaccharide9B was transformed into known9A and into the fullyO-acetylated GM3-trisaccharide10.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Glycoconjugate journal 7 (1990), S. 229-234 
    ISSN: 1573-4986
    Keywords: glycosphingolipid ; synthesis ; polymer support ; lactosyl ceramide ; d-galactosyltransferase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In a first example of a polymer-supported enzymic synthesis of glycosphingolipids, synthetic (2S,3R,4E)-2-amino-1-(β-d-glucopyranosyloxy)-3-hydroxy-4-octadecene (glucosylsphingosine) was converted to theN-4-carboxymethyl-2-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl derivative and was subsequently attached to a water-soluble polymer. The material served as an acceptor in thed-galactosyltransferase reaction (36% transfer yield) and further photolysis, acylation and chromatography afforded (2S,3R,4E)-1-[4-O-(β-d-galactopyranosyl)-β-d-glycopyranosyloxy]-3-hydroxy-2-octadecanoylamino-4-octadecene (lactosylceramide, 54% yield).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 76 (1993), S. 616-630 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The sphingolipids 1a, b and 2a, b which play important roles in epidermal barrier function, were synthesized by N-acylation of C18-sphingosine 3 and 1-O-glucosylated C18-sphingosine 6, respectively, with ω-acyloxy-substituted fatty acids 4 and 5 (Scheme 1). These fatty acids were obtained from ω-hydroxy-substituted fatty acids 8 and 9 by esterification with linoleic acid (7). The C34-fatty acid 8 was prepared as follows: C25-Compound 18 was obtained by means of a Wittig reaction of C13-aldehyde 13 with C12-phosphonium salt 15 or of C12-aldehyde 24 with C13-phosphonium salt 21, respectively, and subseqent hydrogenation and O-deprotection (Scheme 2). Alternatively, 8 was prepared via 30 by copper-catalyzed coupling of C13-alkyl halide 19 with the Grignard reagent derived from C12-alkyl bromide 14 (Scheme 2). Oxidation of 18 to aldehyde 39 and Wittig reaction with C9-phosphonium salt 41 furnished the desired ω-hydroxy-substituted fatty acid 8, after O-deprotection (Scheme 3). Similarly, Wittig reaction of C11-phosphonium salt 22 with C12-aldehyde 24 furnished C23-aldehyde 40, after hydrogenation, O-deprotection, and oxidation; Wittig reaction with compound 41 and subsequent deprotection afforded the desired C32-fatty and 9 (Scheme 3). an alternative strategy furnished compound 8 by a coupling reaction of alkyne 53 with ω-bromo-substitued fatty acid 52, obtained from compounds 24 and 47 by Wittig reaction, hydrogenation, and introduction of bromide (Scheme 4). Hydrogenation (Lindlar's catalyst) of the resulting C34-alkyne 54 and deprotection furnished 8.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1990 (1990), S. 483-489 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: D-Galactal, 1-C-lithiation ; Octose synthesis ; C-β-D-Galactopyranosides ; Nucleoside antibiotics ; Octosylic acids ; Ezomycins ; Carbohydrates ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Direct 1-C-lithiation of the readily available 2-phenylsulfinyl-D-galactals 3h, 1 leads to reactive intermediates, which on reaction with glyoxal monodiethyl acetal as electrophile yield compounds 7. Subsequent O-benzylation of the unprotected hydroxy group, removal of the phenylsulfinyl group with Raney nickel, and diastereospecific 3-hydrogen and 4-hydroxy transfer provide a convenient entry into functionalized C-β-D-galactopyranosides or 3,7-anhydrooctoses 11, respectively. Acid-catalyzed deacetalization and furanose formation with acetic anhydride/pyridine affords 3,7-anhydrooctofuranoses-(1,4) 14. The O-acetylated D-erythro-L-talo isomer (R)-17 reacts with the cytidine derivative 18, leading to the ezomycin A basic structure 4.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1991 (1991), S. 425-433 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Lewis antigen X ; O-Glycosyl trichloroacetimidates ; Glycosylation procedure, inverted ; O-Protection, selective ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A versatile synthesis of the basic Galβ (1→4)[Fucα(1→3)]-GlcNAc trisaccharide building block of the Lex antigen family based on two important findings could be developed. Firstly, selective 3-O-allylation of the readily available azidolactose derivative 3 led to an efficient synthesis of the 3-O-unprotected fucosyl acceptor 9. Secondly, α-fucosylation of 9 with O-fucosyl trichloroacetimidate 11 as donor exhibited a dramatic increase in yield when carried out by an “inverted procedure”, i,e, the donor was added to an acceptor/catalyst solution. The obtained trisaccharide building block 12 could be readily transformed into acceptor 13 and donor 15, respectively. Thus, the dimeric hexasaccharide 16 was obtained, which was then transformed into donor 19. Its reaction with the 3′-O-unprotected lactose acceptor 20 provided the desired ocetasaccharide 21, which gave upon azido group reduction, acetylation of the amino groups, and complete O-deprotection the desired target molecule 2 characterized as its fully O-acetylated product 24.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1991 (1991), S. 435-438 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Phosphonium bromide, [(benzyloxy)(benzyloxycarbonyl)methyl]triphenyl- ; Wittig reaction ; D-Mannose aldehyde, synthesis of per-O-protected ; KDO, synthesis of 4,5:7,8-di-O-isopropylidene-protected ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: [(Benzyloxy)(benzyloxycarbonyl)methyl]triphenylphosphonium bromide (8), obtained from glyoxylic acid via a convenient one-pot procedure, reacted in a Wittig reaction with 4-O-benzyl-2,3:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-D-mannose (7), readily synthesized on a large scale from D-mannose, to provide the KDO derivative 9. Hydrogenolytic removal of the benzyl groups furnished directly the 4,5:7,8-di-O-isopropylidene protected KDO 11. Its treatment with diazomethane led to the known ester derivative 12α,ß (2:1 anomeric mixture) which could be also obtained by transesterification of 9 and subsequent hydrogenolytic debenzylation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1992 (1992), S. 527-533 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Trichloroacetimidate method ; Muramic acid, selectively protected ; Glucosamine, β-disaccharide, β-tetrasaccharide ; Peptidoglycan tetrasaccharide ; Carbohydrates ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: From 2-azido-2-deoxy-D-glucose have been prepared at 1-O and/or 4-O selectively protected glucosamine and muramic acid derivatives, which were transformed into glycosyl donors 6 and 14a, b and into glycosyl acceptors 7 and 15. The reaction of these donors and acceptors yielded disaccharides 8 and 11-13. Selective 1a-O-deprotection of disaccharide 12 and subsequent treatment with trichloroacetonitrile afforded disaccharide donor 17; selective removal of the 4b-O-protective groups in disaccharides 8 and 11 furnished disaccharide acceptor 9. These building blocks were employed in the synthesis of β-connected tetrasaccharide 18 which gave upon azido group reduction, acetylation of the amino groups, and complete O-deprotection the desired target molecule 1 characterized as its fully O-acetylated product 2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Acrylates β-C-lithiated ; Tetronates ; Crown ethers ; Template effect ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis of symmetrically hydroxy-substituted 13-crown- 4 derivatives 2 and 3 is reported. To this end, diol 7 is first deprotonated with potassium tert-butoxide and then treated with ditosylate 6 in the presence of lithium perchlorate as a template. Base-catalyzed addition of 2 and 3 to methyl propiolate affords β-alkoxy-substituted acrylates 1a and 1b, respectively. Treatment of 1a with LDA in THF generates the β-C-lithiated species 1a-A as indicated by quenching with CH3OD and reaction with propanal; thus, β-deutero derivative 1a-(β-D) and tetronate 4a, respectively, are obtained. Competition experiments between 1a and methyl β-methoxyacrylate (1c) with LDA in THF exhibit for 1a a higher thermodynamic but practically the same kinetic acidity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1990 (1990), S. 883-899 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: β-C-Lithiated acrylates ; Butenolide, synthesis of ; Spirotetronate, synthesis of ; Cyclohexane, synthesis of substituted ; Macrolide antibiotics ; Antibiotics ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: β-Lithiated functionally substituted acrylates 2a-c prove to be versatile building blocks for spirotetronate syntheses useful in top half syntheses of the aglycon chlorothricolide 1 of the macrolide antibiotic chlorothricin. The electrophilic-nucleophilic cyclohexanone derivatives 27-cis/trans (with relative cis or trans relationship of the carboxylate group) required in this synthesis design are obtained via a cycloaddition route from pentenone in five steps. Generation of the dilithiated species from the acrylates 2a-c affords then the corresponding spirotetronates 32a-c, which serve as versatile intermediates in top half syntheses for different strategies in chlorothricolide total syntheses. Hydroxylation in the vinylic α-position of the tetronate moiety and selective phenylselenylation provide the spirotetronates 39a-cis/trans and 41a, which meet the requirements of a top half molecule. The same is true for a different strategy, which provides the aldehydes 42b-cis/trans. The latter are then converted into the fully functionalized spirotetronates 44b-cis/trans by treatment with vinylmagnesium bromide and subsequent hydroxylation at the vinylic α-position. The investigations delineate similar convenient strategies for the syntheses of kijanolide and te-tronolide, which are the aglycon portions of the structurally related macrolide antibiotics kijanimicin and tetrocarcin, respectively.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Glycals, C-2 lithiation of ; α-Alkoxyvinyl phenyl sulfoxides, β-C lithiation of ; β-Alkoxy acrylates, β-C lithiation of ; β-Hydroxymethylvinyl phenyl sulfoxides, transformation into α-methylene carbonyl derivatives ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Treatment of glycopyranosyl phenyl sulfoxides 2ah, 1, 2bh, 1 with two equivalents of lithium diisopropylamide provides directly the C-2-lithiated glycal intermediates 3aAh, 1, 3bAh, 1 which, on reaction with formaldehyde as electrophile, furnish the 2-hydroxymethyl derivatives 4ah, 1 and 4bh, 1, respectively. These compounds are transformed at elevated temperature and by acid catalysis directly into the α-methylene-δ-lactones 5a, b. Correspondingly, from 2ah, 1 and methyl chloroformate as electrophile the 2-methoxycarbonyl derivatives 6h and 61, respectively, are obtained. Treatment of 6h, 1 with Raney nickel leads to 2-methoxycarbonyl-substituted glycal 7 containing a β-alkoxyacrylate moiety which again can be directly β-C-lithiated as demonstrated by the introduction of deuterium at C-1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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