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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbon-13 NMR study of the stereospecificity of the thiohemiacetals formed on inhibition of papain by specific enantiomeric aldehydes (1986)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 25 (1986), S. 2293-2298 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00356a066
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Erratum: Absolute partial and total electron impact ionization cross sections for CF4 from threshold up to 180 eV [J. Chem. Phys. 83, 5712 (1985)] (1986)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 85 (1986), S. 1207-1207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.451875
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Absolute partial and total electron impact ionization cross sections for CF4 from threshold up to 180 eV (1985)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 83 (1985), S. 5712-5720 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Electron impact ionization of carbon tetrafluoride was studied as a function of electron energy from threshold up to 180 eV. A double focusing mass spectrometer system with an improved electron impact ion source was used, alleviating the problems of ion extraction from the source and the transmission of the extracted ions through the mass spectrometer system. Absolute partial ionization cross section functions for the production of CF+3, CF+2, CF+, C+, F+, CF2+3, and CF2+2 in CF4 have been determined. In addition, the total (and the counting) ionization cross section function of CF4 has been determined (summation method) and is compared with calculations based on classical and semiclassical binary encounter approximations. Using nth root extrapolation ionization energies of the following doubly charged fragment ions have been derived: AE (CF2+3) =41.8±0.3 eV, AE (CF2+2) =42.9±0.3 eV, and AE (CF2+)=52.1±0.5 eV. In accordance with previous results no stable CF+4 parent ion has been detected, however, a metastable dissociation process CF+@B|4→ CF+3+F has been observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.449646
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron attachment to carbon dioxide clusters at very low electron energies (1985)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 83 (1985), S. 2942-2946 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Electron attachment to CO2 clusters formed by nozzle expansion was investigated in a crossed molecular-beam–electron-impact–mass spectrometer system. In addition to cluster ions previously observed at 3–4 eV electron energy we observe presently cluster ions produced at around zero electron energy. Some of these ions are likely produced by a less dissociative production mechanism allowing the probing of cluster beams with better reliability than previously.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.449830
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A pneumotoxin, O,O,S-trimethyl phosphorothioate, induces hemorheological alteration in rats (1989)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 63 (1989), S. 325-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Lung injury ; Hemorheology ; Inflammation ; O,O,S-trimethyl phosphorothioate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract O,O,S-trimethyl phosphorothioate (OOS-TMP), an impurity present in widely used organophosphorus insecticides, has been shown to induce lung injury after oral administration. To date, very little is known about the hemorheological changes which may occur during the inflammation of lung caused by OOS-TMP. The present study has demonstrated that oral administration of OOS-TMP (10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg) to rats produced an increase in whole blood apparent viscosity at 24, 48 and 72 h following the treatment in rats. Concomitantly, the plasma fibrinogen level and red blood cell (RBC) aggregation were increased at 24 and 48 h. There was no change in RBC filterability. Thus, OOS-TMP, a pneumotoxin, was capable of causing a systemic hemorheological alteration, probably via increase in fibrinogen content, an acute-phase protein, in rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00278647
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Abkühlzeiten von Festkörpern mit unregelmäßig gestalteter Oberfläche (1976)
    Springer
    Heat and mass transfer 9 (1976), S. 145-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1181
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Festkörper mit unregelmäßig gestalteter stark zerklüfteter Oberfläche kühlen sich erheblich rascher ab als Körper mit glatter Oberfläche von gleichem Volum. Um die Kühldauer solcher unregelmäßig gestalteten Körper berechnen zu können, wird ein Formfaktor eingeführt, der definiert ist als das Verhältnis der für die Kühlung maßgebenden effektiven Oberfläche zur Oberfläche einer Kugel vom gleichen Volum wieder wirkliche Körper. Dieser Formfaktor kann mit Hilfe weniger und einfach auszuführender kalorimetrischer Messungen bestimmt werden. Die an Koksstücken ausgeführten Messungen ergeben für die meist vorkommenden Volume Vk ⩾ 30 cm3 einen annähernd konstanten Formfaktor. Nach Ermittlung des Formfaktors kann die Kühl dauer in bekannter Weise berechnet werden.
    Notes: Abstract Cooling rates of solid particles with irregularly shaped surfaces are much higher than those of a corresponding particle having the same volume but a smooth surface. For calculating cooling rates a shape factor is defined as the ratio between the thermally effective surface and the surface of a corresponding sphere with the same volume. The shape factor is determined by means of calorimetric experiments. These experiments performed with coke particles proved the shape facts to be constant for the most often met volume Vk ⩾ 30 cm3 of coke particles. Cooling rates are quite easily evaluated by means of the shape factor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01002314
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wärme- und Stofftransport in Teflon-Schichten bei der Ablationskühlung (1976)
    Springer
    Heat and mass transfer 9 (1976), S. 73-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1181
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Für die instationäre, eindimensionale Ablation einer Teflon-Ablationsschicht wurde ein analytisches Modell entwickelt. Es berücksichtigt den kristallin-amorphen Phasenübergang innerhalb der TeflonSchicht, die thermische Ausdehnung, die Depolymerisation und die Bildung höhermolekularer Produkte and der Oberflache. Die Ergebnisse der numerischen Rechnung werden für instationären Ablation und den Grenzfall quasistationärer Ablation mit Meßwerten aus Ablationsversuchen im Plasmakanal verglichen. Nach der Erläuterung des grundsätzlichen Ablauts werden verschiedene Einflüsse und Grenzfälle untersucht.
    Notes: Abstract For the transient, one-dimensional ablation of a teflon ablation layer an analytical model has been developed. It takes into account the crystalline-amorphous phase transition, the thermal expansion, the depolymerization and the formation of higher-molecular products at the surface. The results of the numerical computation are compared with ablation measurements in arc jet facilities for transient ablation and the limiting case of quasisteady ablation. The course of the ablation process in principle is illustrated, and different influences and limiting cases are investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01589460
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Verdampfungsverluste bei der Lagerung tiefsiedender Gase in Großbehältern (1978)
    Springer
    Heat and mass transfer 11 (1978), S. 53-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1181
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Erdgas wird häufig in isolierten Metallbehältern gelagert. Der gespeicherten Flüssigkeit werden Wärmeströme durch den Boden, die Seitenwand und die Decke zugeführt, die man wegen der im allgemeinen großen Abmessungen derartiger Behälter als unabhängig voneinander ansehen kann. Ausgehend von dieser Vereinfachung kann man die Verdampfungsrate der Flüssigkeit in Abhängigkeit von der Zeit ermittein. Für die Berechnungen wurden die Laplace Transformation und ein spezielles Differenzenverfahren benutzt. Aufgrund der Ergebnisse ließ sich feststellen, wann das Wasser im Erdreich zu erstarren beginnt. Es zeigt sich, daß die dem verflüssigten Gas zugeführten Wärmeströme durch die Eisbildung praktisch unbeeinflußt bleiben.
    Notes: Abstract Natural gas is often stored in large isolated metal containers. Heat flow through the bottom, the side wall and the cover to the stored liquid are practically independent from each other due to the large dimensions of such containers. Based on this simplification the evaporation rate of the liquid is calculated by means of the Laplace Transformation and a specific difference equation. With the results it is possible to determine the time after which freezing in the surrounding soil commences. The rate of heat flow to the Condensed gas proved to be practically unaffected by the ice-formation in the soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01881518
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wärmeübertragung bei freier Strömung im überkritischen Gebiet reiner Fluide (1985)
    Springer
    Heat and mass transfer 19 (1985), S. 187-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1181
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Wärmeübergang an einer senkrechten Platte bei freier Strömung von Kohlendioxid in der Nähe des kritischen Punktes wurde durch numerische Lösung der Grenzschichtgleichungen berechnet und mit Experimenten verglichen. Wie die Rechenergebnisse vor allem in unmittelbarer Nähe des kritischen Punktes zeigten, muß man zur Berechnung des Wärmeübergangs nicht allein den jeweiligen Stoffwert berücksichtigen, sondern auch dessen Änderung innerhalb der Grenzschicht. Dies ist besonders dann notwendig, wenn der kritische Punkt bzw. die pseudokritische Temperatur in der thermischen Grenzschicht liegen und die Stoffwerte dort extreme Änderungen erfahren. Die Stoffwerte ändern sich in der Nähe des kritischen Punktes in einem sehr schmalen Temperaturintervall. Die Änderung der Stoffwerte ist dabei extrem groß. Mit zunehmender Entfernung vom kritischen Punkt wird das Intervall längs einer Isobaren breiter, die Änderung der Stoffwerte aber geringer. Aus diesem Grund ist der Einfluß der Stoffwerte auf den konvektiven Wärmeübergang von der jeweils angelegten Temperaturdifferenz abhängig.
    Notes: Abstract Natural convective heat transfer to carbon dioxide near its critical point was investigated. For a vertical flat plate of constant temperature the boundary layer equations were solved with variable fluid properties. The numerical results were compared with experiments and it was shown that calculated heat transfer coefficients near the critical point depend not only on the physical properties, but also on variations of these properties. Especially the extreme property variations have to be considered, if the critical point is inside the thermal boundary layer. In the vicinity of the critical point the properties are changing in a very narrow temperature range. With increasing distance this range becomes more extended and the property variations less important. Therefore the influence of physical property variations on natural convective heat transfer depends also on the temperature difference between the wall and the bulk temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01403755
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Einfluß von Rohrreihenzahl und Anströmturbulenz auf die Wärmeleistung von quer angeströmten Rohrbündeln (1987)
    Springer
    Heat and mass transfer 21 (1987), S. 103-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1181
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es werden die Ergebnisse einer experimentellen Untersuchung des Wärmeübergangs und Druckabfalls an Einzelreihen sowie an drei-, vier- und fünfreihigen Glattrohrbündeln vorgestellt. Die Rohre wurden innen mit kondensierendem Wasserdampf beheizt und außen von querströmender Luft gekühlt. Durch Einbau von verschiedenen Turbulenzgittern konnte die Anströmturbulenz vor dem Bündel zwischen 0,8% und 25% variiert werden. Die Quer- und Längsteilung betrug 1,54 und 3,07; die Reynolds-Zahl lag zwischen 1,5 · 104 und 1,5 · 105. Die Verbesserung des mittleren Wärmeübergangs am Rohrbündel nimmt mit steigendem Turbulenzgrad und mit abnehmender Reihenzahl zu. Die Druckverlustbeiwerte der Rohrbündel sind nahezu unabhängig von der Anströmturbulenz. Es zeigte sich, daß durch Einbau von Turbulenzgittern die Wärmeleistung der Rohrbündel erhöht werden kann.
    Notes: Abstract Results of experimental investigations on heat transfer and pressure drop in single rows and in bundles of three, four, and five rows of plain tubes are presented. The tubes were heated by saturated steam, condensing inside, and cooled outside by crossflowing air. The turbulence intensity in the entrance cross section before the bundles was varied between 0.8% and 25% by means of grids. The transversal and the longitudinal pitch to diameter ratio was 1.54 and 3.07; air-side Reynolds numbers ranged from 1.5-104 to l.5 ·105. The enhancement of heat transfer is due to the increase of the turbulence level and also due to a decreasing number of rows. The drag coefficient for the bundle is almost independent of the inlet turbulence intensity. It turned out that the use of turbulence grids leads to higher efficiencies of the tube bundles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01377566
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