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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gaschromatographische Untersuchung von Cerealien auf Deoxynivalenol und Nivalenol nach Derivatisierung zu den Heptafluorbutyraten (1985)
    Springer
    European food research and technology 181 (1985), S. 198-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-2385
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird ein für den Routinebetrieb der Lebensmittelüberwachung geeignetes Bestimmungsverfahren für Deoxynivalenol (DON) und Nivalenol (NV) in Getreideprodukten beschrieben. Die säulenchromatographisch über Florisil gereinigten Extrakte werden mit Heptafluorbuttersäureimidazol (HFBI) derivatisiert und capillargaschromatographisch analysiert. GC-positive Befunde werden durch zweidimensionale Dünnschichtchromatographie überprüft. 67 Getreide und Getreideerzeugnisse des Berliner Marktes wurden untersucht. Die Nachweisgrenze lag, abhängig von der Probenmatrix, für DON bei 20–30 μ/kg und für NV bei 100–300 μg/kg.
    Notes: Summary A method for the analysis of deoxynivalenol (DON) und nivalenol (NV) in cereals is described. This method is suitable for routine use for control purposes. The extract is purified on a florisil column. Derivatization with heptafluorbutyrylimidazole is followed by quantitative determination by means of capillary gas chromatography and electron capture detection (ECD). For verification purposes two-dimensional thin layer chromatography is applied to gc-positive extracts. 67 cereal samples and cereal products from the Berlin market place have been assayed. Depending on the type of sample the limit of detection was 20 to 30 μg/kg for DON, and 100 to 300 μg/kg for NV.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02425577
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Erratum (1988)
    Springer
    European food research and technology 187 (1988), S. 250-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-2385
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01043349
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lebensmittelkontaminationen im Emissionsbereich Chemischer Reinigungen (1988)
    Springer
    European food research and technology 186 (1988), S. 393-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-2385
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Lebensmittel, die im Emissionsbereich Chemischer Reinigungen gelagert bzw. verkauft werden, können erheblich mit Tetrachlorethen belastet sein. Hohe Tetrachlorethengehalte wurden sowohl in Lebensmittelproben aus über Chemischen Reinigungen gelegenen Wohnungen als auch in Proben aus dem Lebensmitteleinzelhandel festgestellt. Lebensmittel mit hohem Fettgehalt wiesen stets die höchsten Kontaminationen auf.
    Notes: Summary Tetrachloroethene (perchloroethylene) from dry-cleaning units may contaminate adjacent flats in the same building. Increased concentrations of tetrachloroethene have been found in foodstuffs in homes situated above dry cleaning units and in foodstuffs from groceries located neat drycleaning units. The concentrations were extremely high in foods rich in fat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01127298
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methode zur Bestimmung von Mutterkornalkaloiden in Lebensmitteln (1988)
    Springer
    European food research and technology 186 (1988), S. 108-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-2385
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurde eine für die Routineanalytik geeignete Methode zur Bestimmung der Mutterkornalkaloide Ergometrin, Ergometrinin, Ergosin, Ergosinin, Ergotamin, Ergotaminin, Ergocornin, Ergocorninin, α-Ergokryptin, α-Ergokryptinin,β-Ergokryptin,β-Ergokryptinin, Ergocristin und Ergocristinin in Getreideprodukten entwickelt. Die Methode besteht aus der Extraktion des Lebensmittels, der Reinigung des Rohextraktes mit einer modifizierten Form des Extrelut-Verfahrens und der Identifizierung und quantitativen Bestimmung der Alkaloide mittels HPLC. Zur Absicherung der qualitativen Ergebnisse wurden DC und GC/MS hinzugezogen. Marktuntersuchungen zeigten Kontaminationen sowohl bei alternativen als auch bei herkömmlichen Produkten, wobei der Befall bei Roggenerzeugnissen überwiegt. Die gemessenen Werte lassen indes erkennen, daß in keinem Falle die in der Europäischen Gemeinschaft geltende Interventionsgrenze von 0,05% Mutterkorn entsprechend 1 mg/kg Gesamtalkaloide erreicht wurde.
    Notes: Summary A suitable method has been developed for the routine analysis of the ergot alkaloids ergometrine, ergometrinine, ergosine, ergosinine, ergotamine, ergotaminine, ergocornine, ergocorninine, α-ergocryptine, α-ergocryptinine,β-ergocryptine,β-ergocryptinine, ergocristine and ergocristinine in cereal products. The method consists of food extraction, cleaning of the crude extract by a modified form of the Extrelut method, and identification and quantitative determination of the alkaloids by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results are confirmed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and gaschromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Market investigations have shown contaminations in ecological as well as in conventional products, with rye products mainly being contaminated. Within the EEC, a maximum value of 0.05% ergot respectively a total alkaloid content of 1 mg/kg in cereals used for food production is prescribed. This value was not exceeded in any of the investigated samples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01042702
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bestimmung von 5-Methoxypsoralen in Sonnenschutzmitteln (1985)
    Springer
    European food research and technology 180 (1985), S. 230-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-2385
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird eine Methode zur Bestimmung von 5-Methoxypsoralen in Sonnenschutzmitteln beschrieben. Nach säulenchromatographischer Reinigung wird der Extrakt mittels zweidimensionaler Dünnschichtchromatographie untersucht. Bei positiven Befunden wird das 5-Methoxypsoralen capillar-gaschromatographisch unter Verwendung von 5-α-Cholestan als innerem Standard quantitativ bestimmt. Die Ergebnisse werden durch Gaschromatographie-Massenspektrometrie (GC-MS) abgesichert. Die Wiederfindungsrate beträgt bei Kosmetika vom Emulsionstyp 70% und bei Sonnenölpräparaten 90%. Die Nachweisgrenze liegt je nach Probenart, zwischen 0,1 und 0,5 mg/kg. Mit dieser Methode wurden in 6 von 21 untersuchten Sonnenschutzmitteln bis zu 28 mg 5-Methoxypsoralen/kg nachgewiesen.
    Notes: Summary A method for the determination of 5-methoxypsoralene in suntan-cosmetics is described. After liquid chromatographic clean-up, the final extract is screened by twodimensional thin layer chromatography. For positive extracts 5-methoxypsoralene is analysed quantitatively by capillary gas chromatography, using 5-α-cholestane as an internal standard and flame ionization detection (FID). The results were confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The recoveries for suntan-cosmetics of emulsion type were 70% and for tanning oils 90%. Detection limits of the method were 0,1 to 0,5 mg/kg, depending on the sample type. By application of this method 5-methoxypsoralene was detected in 6 of the 21 cosmetic products at levels up to 28 mg/kg.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01027271
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Primary structure and evolutionary relationship between the adult α-globin genes and their 5′-flanking regions ofXenopus laevis andXenopus tropicalis (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 28 (1988), S. 64-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Xenopus laevis ; Xenopus tropicalis ; Adult α-globin genes ; Gene organization ; Conserved upstream sequences
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary To investigate the evolution of globin genes in the genusXenopus, we have determined the primary structure of the related adult α1- and αII genes ofX. laevis and of the adult α-globin gene ofX. tropicalis, including their 5′-flanking regions. All three genes are comprised of three exons and two introns at homologous positions. The exons are highly conserved and code for 141 amino acids. By contrast, the corresponding introns vary in length and show considerable divergence. Comparison of 900 bp of the 5′-flanking region revealed that theX. tropicalis gene contains a conserved proximal 310-bp promoter sequence, comprised of the canonical TATA and CCAAT motifs at homologous positions, and five conserved elements in the same order and at similar positions as previously shown for the corresponding genes ofX. laevis. We therefore conclude that these conserved upstream elements may represent regulatory sequences for cell-specific regulation of the adultXenopus globin genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02143498
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The metamorphic switch in hemoglobin phenotype ofXenopus laevis involves erythroid cell replacement (1989)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 198 (1989), S. 57-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Hemoglobin transition ; Erythrocytes ; Indirect immunofluorescence ; Metamorphosis ; Xenopus laevis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary To elucidate the cellular basis of hemoglobin transition inXenopus laevis the distribution of larval and adult hemoglobins was analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence in the circulating erythrocytes during metamorphosis. In addition, the morphological characteristics as well as the capacity for synthesis of DNA and hemoglobin in the erythrocytes were followed during the same developmental period. Our quantitative analysis on the distribution of larval and adult hemoglobins suggests that they are localized in different cells. Hemoglobin transition, therefore, most likely reflects replacement of the larval erythrocyte population by new cells which are committed to adult globin synthesis. Since hemoglobin transition is not accompanied by an increase in the abundance of immature erythroid cells with active DNA synthesis, we assume that the presumptive adult erythroid cells are released into circulation at a relatively advanced stage of maturation. The decline in the synthesis of DNA and larval hemoglobin further indicates that cessation of cell renewal in the larval erythrocyte population may represent a decisive step in hemoglobin transition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02447740
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spontane und induzierte Metamorphose bei Larven des Krallenfrosches (Xenopus laevis Daud.) im Kälteversuch (1970)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 165 (1970), S. 342-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei jungenXenopuslarven (Prämetamorphose) ist die Mortalität im Bereich von 8,5–22° C konstant, nimmt jedoch unterhalb von 8,5° C stark zu. Die Wirkung der Kälte (10° C) auf die spontane Metamorphose zeigt stadienspezifische Unterschiede. Eine vollkommene Metamorphosehemmung gelingt nur bei Prämetamorphoselarven; bei älteren Larven (Prometamorphose) ist die Umwandlung nur verzögert. Blockierte Larven können in der Kälte durch Behandlung mit Thyroxin bzw. TSH zur Metamorphose veranlaßt werden. Da weder die Ansprechbarkeit larvaler Gewebe auf Thyroxin, noch diejenige der Schilddrüse auf TSH betroffen sind, muß die kältebedingte Metamorphosehemmung auf einer Blockierung des übergeordneten Steuerungszentrums beruhen.
    Notes: Summary In premetamorphicXenopus larvae mortality is not influenced by lowering the temperature from 22° to 8.5° C, but it rises dramatically below 8.5° C. At 10° C complete inhibition of spontaneous metamorphosis occurs only in premetamorphic larvae; beyond stage 56 cold treatment only delays the metamorphic changes. In cold-arrested premetamorphic larvae thyroxine and TSH elicit metamorphic responses. Since the responding capacity of the larval tissues to thyroxine is not affected, blockage of spontaneous metamorphosis at low temperature must result from the inhibition of the hypothalamic center.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00573678
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kontaminationen von Lebensmitteln über die Gasphase durch Tetrachlorethen-Emissionen einer chemischen Reinigung (1987)
    Springer
    European food research and technology 185 (1987), S. 267-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-2385
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In Wohnhäusern betriebene Chemische Reinigungen können Wohnungen und darin gelagerte Lebensmittel mit Tetrachlorethen (Perchlorethylen) und anderen leichtflüchtigen Halogenkohlenwasserstoffen belasten. Es werden Analysenverfahren zur Bestimmung von Tetrachlorethen und anderen leichtflüchtigen chlorierten Kohlenwasserstoffen in Lebensmitteln, Haupthaaren, Hausstaub und Textilien beschrieben und die Befunde aus einer durch eine chemische Reinigung belasteten Wohnung mitgeteilt. Die Kontaminationen, insbesondere bei fettreichen Lebensmitteln, waren extrem hoch
    Notes: Summary Tetrachloroethene (perchloroethylene) and other volatile organic compounds may contaminate the surroundings of dry-cleaning units. Increased concentrations of tetrachloroethene were found in food, human hair, textiles and dust from a vacuum cleaner in a home situated above a dry-cleaning unit. The concentrations were found to be extremely high in food rich in fat. The analytical procedure for the above-mentioned samples is described
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01123029
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sequence analysis of the larval βII-globin gene of Xenopus laevis (1986)
    Springer
    Molecular biology reports 11 (1986), S. 155-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4978
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The 1822 bp sequence of the larval Xenopus laevis βII-globin gene is reported together with 240 bp upstream of the gene and 190 bp beyond the site of polyadenylation. The mRNA start point was determined by primer extension as well as nuclease S1 mapping and the polyadenylation site by comparison of the gene sequence to the mRNA sequence derived from a corresponding cDNA clone. Like other vertebrate globin genes, this gene comprises three exons interrupted by two intervening sequences (IVS). IVS I spans over 582 nucleotides and interrupts the exon sequences within codon 30. IVS II is located between the codons 104/105 and spans over 617 nucleotides. The 5′ region of the gene contains the canonical TATAA homology at position-31. Comparison of the upstream sequence to that of Xenopus laevis larval βII-globin gene revealed a conserved sequence, located between nucleotide positions-60 and-87, which might function as regulatory element of transcription. Whereas the upstream region of the larval βII-globin gene does not contain a CAAT box, we notice a reiterated AAATGA motif and discuss its possible significance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00419736
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