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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atomic force microscope–force mapping and profiling on a sub 100-A(ring) scale (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 61 (1987), S. 4723-4729 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A modified version of the atomic force microscope is introduced that enables a precise measurement of the force between a tip and a sample over a tip-sample distance range of 30–150 A(ring). As an application, the force signal is used to maintain the tip-sample spacing constant, so that profiling can be achieved with a spatial resolution of 50 A(ring). A second scheme allows the simultaneous measurement of force and surface profile; this scheme has been used to obtain material-dependent information from surfaces of electronic materials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.338807
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical ranging by wavelength multiplexed interferometry (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 60 (1986), S. 1900-1903 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A new optical technique is described for measurement of absolute distance. The approach is based upon a wavelength multiplexed heterodyne interferometer with FM demodulation. By temporally multiplexing discrete wavelengths in a heterodyne interferometer, a complete elimination of interferometric range ambiguity can be achieved while maintaining the high range sensitivity and resolution of interferometry. The basic theory is presented and an algorithm is described for measurement of range over meter distances with submicrometer resolution. The experimental implementation of the wavelength multiplexed interferometer is described and ranging results with 2 μm resolution from 20 cm are presented. A scanned three-dimensional map of a surface contour with 3-mm topography is also presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.337239
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Homogeneous fine-grained Mn-Zn ferrites by sintering of colloidally precipitated powders (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 64 (1988), S. 5644-5646 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Colloidally precipitated powders were investigated for the synthesis of chemically homogeneous, uniformly fine-grained Mn-Zn ferrites. The process consists of the atomized dispersion of an aqueous solution of Mn, Zn, and Fe nitrates in an agitated solution of 1M ammonium hydroxide. This results in the coprecipitation of a fine colloidal mixture of Mn, Zn, and Fe hydroxides. The mixture is filtered, washed, dried, and heat treated to form agglomerated powders. The agglomerated powders are reduced in size and sintered after cold compaction. Sintering was performed at temperatures of 1100–1250 °C with oxygen partial pressures from 0 to 500 ppm in argon. Magnetic permeability and disaccommodation were measured on selected samples after an initial 0.5–5.0 Oe decaying sinusoidal field was applied to the specimens to excite time varying permeability. The permeability variation depended strongly on the magnitude of this excitation; both disaccommodation and accommodation were observed. The duplex structure typically associated with severe discontinuous grain growth was not observed for either of the two compositions examined over the range of sintering temperatures studied. Low levels of porosity were seen in samples sintered at 1150 and 1250 °C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.342521
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic anisotropy energy in single crystal Y1.8Er0.2Fe14B (invited) (abstract) (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 63 (1988), S. 3139-3139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: There has been considerable interest in tetragonal R2Fe14B compounds as a basis for a new class of permanent magnet materials because of the unusually large energy products they exhibit at room temperature for certain rare-earth substitutions. The origin of the high-energy products is directly related to the large saturation magnetization and magnetic anisotropy energy. The magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy is believed to be directly related to an interaction between the 4f-electrons and the crystal field: however, to date few if any direct comparisons have been made between the experimental magnetic anisotropy and crystal field theory. The reason being that the large anisotropy energy makes it very difficult to use conventional torque magnetometry techniques to determine the angular dependence of the magnetic free energy, particularly at low temperatures where the higher-order terms become important. In this investigation we determine the angular dependence of the magnetic free energy as a function of temperature for Y1.8Er0.2Fe14B using high field (6 T) torque magnetometry techniques and make a direct comparison of the free energy with the energy calculated using a model based on crystal field theory. Y1.8Er0.2Fe14B was chosen because the Fe and Er sublattice anisotropy energies nearly cancel at low temperatures making it possible to measure anisotropy. Excellent agreement was obtained between the model and experiment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.340867
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cervical stenosis after cone biopsy during post-pregnancy amenorrhoea (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 96 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1989.tb01591.x
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Minimal/mild endometriosis and infertility. A review (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 96 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1989.tb02422.x
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of prostaglandin E2 pessaries and laminaria tents for ripening the cervix before termination of pregnancy (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 92 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. Forty primigravid womcn aged 15–45 years were randomly allocated to receive either an intravaginal pessary of 3 mg prostaglandin E, (PGE2) or an intracervical 5-mm laminaria tent (LT) 12–16 h before termination of pregnancy at 6–14 weeks gestation. The degree of dilatation of the cervix a t operation and its resistance t o further dilatation during the procedure were assessed by a ‘blind’ operator. Laminaria tents were more effective in achieving dilatation and softening of the cervix than were PGE2 pessaries and in 40% of women no further dilatation was necessary. There were no associated side-effects or complications. A cervical tear occurred in two of 20 patients treated with PGE2 pessaries and all 20 required further dilatation of the cervix. Laminaria tents provide a simple. safe, acceptable and effective means of ‘ripening’ the cervix prior to termination of early pregnancy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1985.tb01358.x
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pulse radiolysis studies of berkelium(III): preparation and identification of berkelium(II) in aqueous perchlorate media (1988)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Inorganic chemistry 27 (1988), S. 597-598 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic00277a005
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Paradoxical air embolism during neurosurgery (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 40 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Four cases of air embolism which occurred during neurosurgical procedures in the sitting position are described, in whom the signs could be due to air in the coronary or cerebral arteries. It is suggested that, during venous air embolism in the sitting position, a significant number of patients are haemodynamically at risk from paradoxical air embolism, and that the serious consequences of venous air embolism in neurosurgery may be due to this.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1985.tb10553.x
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Defect generation in silicon dioxide from synchrotron radiation below 41 eV (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 66 (1989), S. 379-382 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Generation of fixed positive charge, neutral electron traps, and fixed negative charge in SiO2 due to exposure to x radiation in the photon energy range below 41 eV from a synchrotron source is reported. For constant incident x-radiation exposure levels of 120 mJ/cm2 with both monochromatic and broadband radiation, the number of defects generated in the monitoring devices was at or below the detection limit of the equipment. This is in sharp contrast with the results obtained at photon energies above 300 eV reported earlier [C. K. Williams, A. Reisman, P. K. Bhattacharya, and W. Ng, J. Appl. Phys. 64, 1145 (1988)] in which a large number of each of the three defects mentioned above were generated. The lack of damage indicates that the problems associated with x-ray-induced insulator damage due to x-ray lithography may be solved by tailoring the photon energy, provided suitable mask and photoresist materials can be developed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.343886
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