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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neurological sciences 8 (1987), S. 423-436 
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Keywords: Cerebro-cerebellar system ; learning loops ; cerebellar function ; mental and language function motor function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommario Nel sistema cerebro-cerebellare delle scimmie antropoidi e degli uomini, il cervelletto sembra in grado di contribuire non soltanto all’abilità motoria, ma anche alle attività mentali e del linguaggio. I dati anatomici sembrano dimostrare che in queste specie il cervelletto può funzionare a 2 livelli gerarchici differenziati. Al livello inferiore, il cervelletto può inviare segnali alle aree motorie frontali, per effettuare il comando dei muscoli. A livello superiore, il cervelletto può inviare segnali ad alcune aree prefrontali, per attivare i simboli. Ai 2 livelli, il cervelletto può funzionare nella medesima maniera. Quando l’informazione in arrivo è fissata ripetutamente nei circuiti neurali cerebellari, il cervelletto può imparare a produrre nuove sequenze di segnali, che costituiscono nuovi programmi per realizzare le procedure apprese. Se i programmi cerebellari sono usati nelle aree motorie frontali 4 e 6, si verificano azioni motorie rapide ed abili; e similarmente, se i programmi cerebellari sono usati in alcune aree frontali, come l’area 8 e la circonvoluzione frontale inferiore, operazioni mentali e di linguaggio possono essere realizzate rapidamente ed abilmente. Il cervelletto, col suo contributo a queste funzioni mentali e del linguaggio o nell’azione motoria, può riuscire come un meccanismo adattativo, i cui segnali permettono alla corteccia frontale di eseguire in modo ottimale le procedure apprese. In assenza di questi segnali cerebellari, la corteccia frontale eseguirebbe queste procedure in modo meno fluente. Nuove tecniche di valutazione confermano queste differenze di performance. Perciò queste tecniche vengono adottate per testare soggetti umani, nel tentativo di confermare o rifiutare questo concetto più allargato delle funzioni cerebrali. Se questi nuovi concetti saranno convalidati, ne conseguirà la possibilità di avere spiegazioni su alcuni non risolti misteri del cervello umano.
    Notes: Abstract In the cerebro-cerebellar system of anthropoid apes and humans, the cerebellum seems able to contribute not only to motor skills but also to mental and language skills. Anatomical evidence suggests that in these species the cerebellum can function at two different hierarchical levels. At a lower level, the cerebellum can supply signals to the frontal motor areas for effecting the manipulation of muscles. At a higher level, the cerebellum can supply signals to some prefrontal areas for effecting the manipulation of symbols. At both levels, the cerebellum can function in essentially the same way: when incoming information is processed repeatedly in the neural loops in which the cerebellum is embedded, the cerebellum can learn to generate new sequences of signals, which constitute new programs for carrying out learned procedures. If cerebellar programs are used in the frontal motor areas (area 4 and are 6), motor manipulations can be effected rapidly and skillfully. Similarly, if cerebellar programs are used in some prefrontal areas (e.g., area 8 and the inferior frontal convolution), mental and language manipulations could be effected rapidly and skillfully. The cerebellum, in its contributions to these mental and language functions, as in its contributions to motor function, could serve as an adaptive mechanism whose signals enable the frontal cortex to execute learned procedures optimally. In the absence of such cerebellar signals, the frontal cortex would have to perform these procedures less rapidly and fluently. Modern testing techniques can reveal such a subtle difference in performance. These techniques are therefore now being used to test human subjects, in an attempt to validate or refute this broadened concept of cerebellar function. If the new concept is validated, it can provide powerful explanations for some unresolved mysteries about the human brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 60 (1988), S. 2028-2030 
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Keywords: oxygen sensor ; optical sensor ; fiber optic ; fiber optic sensor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A new type of oxygen-sensitive material is obtained by preparing an aqueous emulsion of a solution of an oxygen-sensitive fluorescent dye in a rigid polymer. The fluorescence of this emulsion is related to the oxygen partial pressure, but a Stern-Volmer plot is not linear over the whole pressure range. Aside from high sensitivity and specificity for oxygen, this new type of sensing material has favorable analytical wavelengths allowing the use of low-cost opto-electronic equipment. Since the indicator is embedded in an aqueous environment, the sensor should be capable of monitoring various kinds of reactions occurring in the aqueous phase, for instance enzymatic reactions which are accompanied by production or consumption of oxygen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Frankfurt am Main : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Romanische Forschungen. 100:1/3 (1988) 183 
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 40 (1953), S. 557-557 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 40 (1953), S. 608-608 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 42 (1954), S. 529-549 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 1. Die symbiontischen Bakterien in Pelomyxa palustris gehören einer einzigen Art an. Die breiten Stäbchen entstehen aus Paarlingsgruppen der schmalen Form. 2. Nach den bisherigen unvollständigen stoffwechselphysiologischen Untersuchungen greifen die Bakterien eher in den Eiweißstoffwechsel der Wirtstiere ein als in den Kohlenhydratstoffwechsel. Anorganischen Stickstoff können sic nicht verwerten. Sic benötigen als organische Stickstoffquelle Glutamin and Asparagin. Die Amide werden ihnen vom Wirtstiere geliefert. Auf eiweißreichen Nährböden benötigen sic keinen besonderen Zusatz von Glutamin and Asparagin. DemHohn-schen Eierboden, auf dem sic besonders gut wachsen, wird immer Asparagin zugesetzt. 3. Um zugrundegehende Pelomyxenkerne sammeln sick die Bakterien in dichter Hülle. Vielleicht rind sic an der Resorption dieser Kerne beteiligt. 4. Es ist unwahrscheinlich, daß die Bakterien in der Pelomyxa die Mitochondrien vertreten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 334 (1989), S. 162-165 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary This work describes the development of the first optical pH-sensor capable of measuring pH-values in the 0–7 range. The pH-sensitive material consists of fibrous amino-ethyl cellulose onto which fluorescein and eosin were covalently immobilised. Fluorescein was immobilised via its isothiocyanate, and immobilised eosin was obtained by bromination of the immobilised fluorescein. The material thus obtained was mechanically fixed at the end of a bifurcated optical fibre bundle. Fluorescence was excited at 490 nm and measured at 〉540 nm. The accuracy of the sensor is ±0.05 pH units, its response time ranges from 25 to 30 s. Practically no signal loss was observed upon constant illumination over periods of more than 15 h.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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