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Total muscle mitochondrial volume in relation to aerobic capacity of horses and steers (1989)

Kayar, S. R. ; Hoppeler, H. ; Lindstedt, S. L. ; [et al.]

Springer

Pflügers Archiv 413 (1989), S. 343-347

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ISSN: 1432-2013

Keywords: Exercise ; Heart ; Mitochondria ; Oxygen uptake ; Respiration ; Ultrastructure

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Abstract The relationship between maximal oxygen consumption rate ( $$\dot V{\text{O}}_{{\text{2max}}}$$ ) and mitochondrial content of skeletal muscles was examined in horses and steers (n=3 each). Samples of the heart left ventricle, diaphragm,m. vastus medialis, m. semitendinosus, m. cutaneous thoracicus andm. masseter, as well as samples of muscles collected in a whole-body sampling procedure, were analyzed by electron microscopy. $$\dot V{\text{O}}_{{\text{2max}}}$$ per kilogram body mass was 2.7× greater in horses than steers. This higher $$\dot V{\text{O}}_{{\text{2max}}}$$ was in proportion to the higher total volume of mitochondria in horse versus steer muscle when analyzed from the whole-body samples and from the locomotor muscle samples. In non-locomotor muscles, total mitochondrial volume was greater in horses than steers, but not in proportion to their differences in $$\dot V{\text{O}}_{{\text{2max}}}$$ . The $$\dot V{\text{O}}_{{\text{2max}}}$$ of the mitochondria was estimated to be close to 4.5 ml O2·ml−1 mitochondria in both species. It is concluded that in a comparison of a highly aerobic to a less aerobic mammalian species of similar body size, a higher oxidative potential may be found in all muscles of the more aerobic species. This greater oxidative potential is achieved by a greater total volume of skeletal muscle mitochondria.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00584481

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A note on the imposition of traction boundary conditions when using the FEM for solving incompressible flow problems (1985)

Taylor, C. ; Rance, J. ; Medwell, J. O.

New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

Communications in Applied Numerical Methods 1 (1985), S. 113-121

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ISSN: 0748-8025

Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Mathematics , Technology

Notes: A traction boundary condition is particularly useful when analysing flow governed by the Navier-Stokes equation. For a large range of flow situations, such as fully developed laminar flow in a pipe or far field flow, the values of boundary traction can be evaluated explicitly. The former can be readily determined from the local values of the primitive variables, while the latter corresponds to zero traction. A general approach is advocated where traction boundary conditions can be evaluated as part of the solution procedure and its value is not required, a priori, before the solution can proceed. An iterative procedure for the evaluation and imposition of non-zero tractions on boundaries, where advection is appreciable, is demonstrated by utilizing the finite element method (FEM) to simulate laminar flow, both steady state and transient, rearward of a downstream-facing step within a bounded domain.

Additional Material: 8 Ill.