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  • 1985-1989  (6)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (3)
  • Organic Chemistry  (2)
  • Hydrogen bonds  (1)
  • 21.10.Ft
  • 1
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Nikotinamid-Coenzym-Modelle, II. Bis(methoxycarbonyl)-N,N′-dimethyl[2.2](2,5)pyridiniophan-diiodide: Darstellung, Struktur und Reduktion zu halbreduzierten SystemenAusgehend von den Pyridinophanen 1-4(1), die jeweils zwei Nikotinsäureester-Einheiten in den vier verschiedenen Orientierungsmöglichkeiten enthalten, wurden durch doppelte Quartärsalzbildung die entsprechenden Pyridiniophan-diiodide 7-10 erhalten. UV- und 1H-NMR-Spektren dieser [2.2]Paracyclophane mit zwei positiven Ringladungen werden diskutiert; die Molekülstruktur des von 7 abgeleiteten Diperchlorats wurde durch Röntgen-Strukturanalyse bestimmt.  -  Durch Natriumdithionit-Reduktion des Pyridinium-Salzes 5, das ein analoges Substitutionsmuster wie 7-10 hat, wurde die entsprechende 1,4-Dihydro-Verbindung 6 erhalten. 7 reagierte mit Natriumdithionit jedoch zu dem doppelten 1,2-Dihydropyridin-System 15, das mit Maleinsäureanhydrid das 1:2-Addukt 16 ergab. Ein Zugang zu der gewünschten Reihe der halbreduzierten 1,4-Dihydroderivate 11-14 wurde in der Reaktion mit 6 als Reduktionsmittel gefunden. Für 11 und 14 werden die UV/VIS- und 1H-NMR-Spektren angegeben. Aus ersten Spin-Sättigungsübertragungs-1H-NMR-Versuchen wird geschlossen, daß bei 14 ein intramolekularer Austausch von Redox-Äquivalenten stattfindet, während dies unter denselben Bedingungen für das Isomere 11 nicht beobachtet wird.
    Notes: From the pyridinophanes 1-4(1) which consist of two nicotinic ester units in the four different orientations possible, by diquaternization the corresponding pyridiniophane diiodides 7-10 were obtained. UV and 1H NMR spectra of these [2.2]paracyclophanes with two positive ring charges are discussed; the molecular structure of the diperchlorate derived from 7 was determined by X-ray structure analysis.  -  By sodium dithionite reduction the pyridinium salt 5 with an analogous substitution pattern as 7-10 was reduced to the corresponding 1,4-dihydro compound 6. 7 reacted with sodium dithionite, however, to the double 1,2-dihydropyridine system 15 which yielded with maleic anhydride the 1:2-adduct 16. Access to the wanted series of semi-reduced 1,4-dihydro derivatives 11-14 was obtained by the reaction with 6 as the reducing reagent. For 11 and 14 the UV/VIS and 1H NMR spectra are reported. From first spin saturation transfer 1H NMR experiments it is concluded that in 14 an intramolecular exchange of redox-equivalents occurs whereas for the isomer 11 this is not observed under the same conditions.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Nikotinamid-Coenzym-Modelle, I.  -  Synthese und Molekülstruktur von vier isomeren Bis(methoxycarbonyl)[2.2](2,5)pyridinophaneAls Nikotinamid-Coenzym-Modelle wurden die [2.2](2,5)Pyridinophane 3-6 dargestellt, die jeweils zwei in Wechselwirkung stehende Nikotinester-Einheiten in den vier verschiedenen möglichen Orientierungen enthalten. 3-6 wurden durch photolytische Schwefel-Extrusion aus den entsprechenden Dithia[3.3](2,5)pyridinophanen 18-21 erhalten, deren Synthesen beschrieben werden.  -  Die Molekülstruktur wurde für alle vier Isomeren 3-6 durch Röntgen-Strukturanalyse bestimmt. Die sterischen Wechselwirkungen und einige spektroskopische Eigenschaften werden auf der Grundlage der Strukturbestimmungen diskutiert.
    Notes: As nicotinamide coenzyme models the [2.2](2,5)pyridinophanes 3-6 were prepared which consist of two interacting nicotinic ester units in the four different orientations possible. 3-6 were obtained by photolytic sulfur extrusion from the corresponding dithia-[3.3](2,5)pyridinophanes 18-21 the syntheses of which are described.  -  The molecular structures for all four isomers 3-6 were determined by X-ray analysis. The sterical interactions and some spectroscopic properties of these compounds are discussed on the basis of the structure determinations.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: For four isomeric bis(methoxycarbonyl)[2.2](2,5)pyridinophanes differing only in the mutual orientation of the two nicotinic ester units, electron impact mass spectra were measured. The fragmentations observed distinguish surprisingly well between the isomers, depending on the transannular substitution pattern. Of special interest is that for one isomer the otherwise unimportant ion at m/z 298 is found as base peak. This ion is formed by expulsion of HCN from the molecular ion, transannular cycloaddition and aromatization to a stable quinolizinium ion. Fragmentation pathways of the isomers are compared, and chemical ionization and negative ion chemical ionization mass spectra are discussed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The EI induced fragmentation pathways of 4,5-bis(dimethylamino)fluorene, 4-(d6-dimethylamino)-5-(dimethylamino)fluorene, 4,5-bis(d6-dimethylamino)fluorene, 4-(dimethylamino)-5-methylaminofluorene, 4,5-bis-(methylamino)fluorene, 4-amino-5-methylaminofluorene, 1,8-bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene, 1,8-bis(d6-dimethyl-amino)-naphthalene and 1,8-bis(dimethylamino)-2,7-dimethoxynaphthalene were investigated. A mechanism is pro-posed for the surprising elimination of CH3—NH2 from the molecular ion, followed by loss of C2H5·, C2H4 and CH3CN and for the accompanying cyclizations to stable heterocyclic ions: prior to fragmentation the molecular radical ion rearranges to new, distonic radical ions by reciprocal H and CH3 transfers between the adjacent dimethylamino groups. Each of these new, isomeric molecular ions decomposes subsequently in a characteristic way.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: 4,7-Dichloro-5,8,12,15-tetramethoxy-13,16-bis[4-(2-methoxycarbonylphenyl) butyl][2.2]paracyclophane ; Stereochemistry ; 1H/13C inversely correlated NMR ; Bridge proton coupling constants ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The relative orientation of substituents in the opposite rings of one of the isomeric 4,7-Dichloro-5,8,12,15-tetramethoxy-13,6-bis[4-(2-methoxycarbonylphenyl) butyl][2.2]paracyclophanes was determined by establishing by NOE their orientation relative to the bridge protons, which thus served as ‘space-spy nuclei’. The mutual orientation of these bridge protons was ascertained by the analysis of their coupling constants, obtained from a phasesensitive COSY spectrum. The 1H and 13C resonances were assigned with the aid of 1H COSY and 1H/13C inversely correlated spectra.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 27 (1988), S. 865-879 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Proton sponges ; Hydrogen bonds ; Amines ; Basicity ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Certain aromatic diamines (the “proton sponges”) are found to have exceptionally high basicity constants: this is due to spatial interaction of the basic centers, which are in close proximity. The two factors which are most important in causing this effect are, on the one hand, the extreme steric strain in these systems and the destabilizing effect of the overlap of the nitrogen lone pairs of the neutral diamines and, on the other, the strong NċHċN hydrogen bonds which are formed on monoprotonation and which lead to a considerable relaxation of the steric strain. By the systematic variation of the structures of such aromatic diamines we have been able to study these effects as a function of steric factors, in particular of the geometry and the bond length of the NċHċN hydrogen bonds, by means of X-ray structural analysis. The hydrophobic shielding of the basic centers and the NċHċN hydrogen bonds, which was characteristic of the “proton sponge” compounds studied previously, is indeed responsible for the extremely low rate of protonation and deprotonation of these compounds; however, it apparently has no influence on their high thermodynamic basicity. The recent synthesis and basicity determination of a new type of “proton sponge” with no hydrophobic shielding whatever show that not only very strong but also kinetically active bases are accessible using the “proton sponge” concept. Their unusual properties, which are discussed here as the result of steric interactions between two basic centers, provide examples of the fact that cooperative steric interactions of reactive structural elements can lead to properties which cannot be derived from an isolated consideration of the various functional groups. Such “proximity effects” are certainly of general importance in chemistry and biochemistry; the study of their structure-function relationships is worthy of closer consideration.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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