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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 25 (1986), S. 1157-1175 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) was used to examine concentrated bovine serum albumin solutions of up to 20% protein w/v. At higher protein concentrations, scattering data show distinct features that can be ascribed to strong intermolecular interactions. Differential scattering cross-sections are fitted to a theoretical model of interparticle potential consisting of a hard core plus an exponentially decaying “tail.” For moderate ionic strength (0.03M K Acetate, pH 5.9), the intermolecular interaction agrees with the double-layer repulsive part of the well-known DLVO (Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey, Overbeek) theory for interacting colloidal particles. We thus demonstrate that it is possible to determine size parameters and the surface charge of protein molecules in dense solutions. At high salt concentrations (≥0.2M NaCl) data can be fitted by the same potential model, although interpretation in terms of DLVO theory is not possible. Even in this case, however, “effective” molecular size and potential parameters can be determined.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 34 (1987), S. 2399-2408 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The rate of hydrolysis of polyamide 6 in membrane casting solution containing strong mineral acid has been studied by determining changes in molecular weight, as estimated from dilute solution viscometry measurements. Hydrolysis is shown to be first order with a long half-life of about 250 days. A two-step dissolution process for polyamide 6 is proposed. The effect of extended dope maturation time upon polyamide 6 membrane preparation and performance has been examined. At short maturation times where protonation of polymer chain is occurring, flux is relatively low. A major increase in flux occurs after about 10 h, when protonation appear complete and hydrolysis has begun. Hydrolysis reduces polymer chain entanglement, and so quite different mechanisms for membrane formation exist as dope maturation time proceeds. With chains less than the critical entanglement length, nodular top layer membranes and alveolar walls lead to high water flux. However, such membranes are quite fragile.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 37 (1989), S. 267-281 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The homopolymers, poly(3,3-bisethoxymethyl oxetane) (polyBEMO), poly(3,3-bisazidomethyl oxetane) (polyBAMO), and triblock copolymers based on these homopolymers and a statistical copolymer center block composed of BAMO and 3-azidomethyl-3-methyl oxetane AMMO were synthesized and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, modulus-temperature, optical microscopy, membrane osmometry, and solution and melt viscosity. The values of K and a for the Mark-Houwink equation were found to be 7.29 × 10-3 mL/g and 0.80, respectively, for polyBEMO at 25°C using number-average molecular weights. Glass transition temperatures were in the range -25 to -40°C and melting temperatures were between 65 and 90°C for all polymers. The melting temperature was found to increase as expected with molecular weight. Melt viscosities of triblock copolymers with polyBAMO end blocks were at least an order of magnitude lower than those with polyBEMO end blocks and clear optically, suggesting that the polyBAMO-based triblock copolymers formed one phase in the melt, while the polyBEMO-based triblock materials (milk white) phase separated. The addition of filler raised the melt viscosity to a level between that predicted by the Guth-Smallwood and the Mooney equations.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 26 (1988), S. 1439-1456 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The compositions and sequence distributions of homogeneous styrene (S)-ethyl methacrylate (E) copolymers, obtained by low conversion solution polymerization have been studied by 1H- and 13C-NMR. A new set of peak triad assignments was proposed for the δ 2.1-4.2 ppm region in the 1H-NMR spectrum, whereby the reactivity ratios of rS = 0.59 and rE = 0.50 were used to establish this new assignment. The EEE and SSS blocks, present in these copolymers, have a high degree of syndiotacticity (σEE = 0.23, σSS = 0.39), whereas the ESE units are exhibiting a slight tendency toward isotacticity (σES = 0.66).
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 27 (1989), S. 817-827 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The CCD (chemical composition distribution) of poly(styrene-co-ethyl methacrylate) has been determined by thin layer chromatography/flame ionization detection (TLC/FID). It appeared that a mixture of five reference copolymers obtained by solution polymerization each having a narrow CCD, could be separated in five distinct peaks, provided a modified spotting procedure and a concentration gradient elution technique were applied. All copolymers prepared by solution polymerization could be successfully characterized. Copolymers obtained by emulsion techniques using nonionic or anionic surfactants containing oxyethylene groups, or in the absence of chain length modifier behaved anomalously and appeared to have spurious CCD's. Also the average composition calculated from these CCD's did not agree with the average composition determined by 1H-NMR. This anomalous behaviour disappeared when using sodium lauryl sulfate as surfactant or when applying a chain length modifier (n-dodecyl mercaptan) during the preparation of the polymer. Several possibilities have been proposed in order to explain these phenomena. The most probable explanation seems to be reaction of a growing polymer chain with surfactant molecules resulting in a quasi-terpolymer. This polymer containing highly polar oxyethylene groups, remains strongly adsorbed on the silica surface during elution, thus disturbing the separation process.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 26 (1988), S. 61-69 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In statistical copolymers, there exists a distribution according to molar mass as well as according to chemical composition. Stockmayer derived distribution functions, describing the relative weight of a particular molar mass and composition interval, assuming equal molar masses of the monomer units. In this article we present an extension of the distribution functions, suited for those cases where the aforementioned assumption is not valid. The final mathematical results is a product of the original Stockmayer distribution function and a correction function, due to the unequality of molar masses. It appears the correction function is dependent on the average composition, the composition deviation, and the ratio of molar masses of the monomers. Furthermore, a three-dimensional representation of distributions has been developed to get insight in the shape of the distributions.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 24 (1986), S. 1321-1340 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The kinetics of crystallization of quenched poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) films during the imbibition of methylene chloride (MeCl2) vapor is studied by density measurements. The effects of film thickness (0.0025-0.086 cm) and temperature (0-38°C) were examined. The data suggest that MeCl2 transport controls the crystallization in thick films and at elevated temperatures, but that spherulite growth controls in thin films and at reduced temperatures. The application of a mathematical model developed previously supports this mechanistic interpretation of the data.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 27 (1989), S. 325-336 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: In thin films of polyethersulfone and polycarbonate it is shown that crazing becomes increasingly likely to occur as the temperature is raised. The transition temperature depends on strain rate and molecular weight. Three regimes of behavior can be identified. In both the low-temperature (shear deformation) and high-temperature (crazing) regimes the strain to craze is independent of molecular weight. However, in the intermediate crazing regime chain length is important, indicating the importance of disentanglement over this temperature range. It is thought that at the highest temperatures disentanglement is still occurring, but the rate-determining step is now general plastic flow into the craze fibrils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 24 (1986), S. 1341-1360 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The Morphology of quenched poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) films crystallized by low-molecular-weight organic penetrants is studied by scanning electron microscopy. Films with thicknesses from ca. 1 mil (0.0025 cm) to ca. 35 mil (0.1 cm) were exposed to methylene chloride (MeCl2) and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) in the temperature ranges 0-38°C and 22-70°C, respectively. The effects on the surface and internal structures of contact with liquids and saturated vapors were examined. Severe porosity at the surface results from contact with the liquids, but only minor surface roughness appears following contact with vapors. Internal porosity developed in the thinnest films (ca. 1 mil) during crystallization in liquid environments. Here, the internal void fraction is greatest along the film centerline and decreases with increasing crystallization temperature. A mathematical model discussed previously accounts for the observed behavior.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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