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  • 1985-1989  (3)
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Material
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The distribution of GAWK-like immunoreactivity in neuroendocrine cells of the human gut, pancreas, adrenal and pituitary glands and its co-localisation with chromogranin B (1989)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 90 (1989), S. 475-483 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary GAWK is a recently discovered peptide isolated from extracts of human pituitary gland and subsequently shown to be identical to sequence 420–493 of human chromogranin B. The distribution of this peptide was studied in human gut, pancreas, adrenal and pituitary glands using antisera to two portions of the 74 amino acid peptide (sequences 1–17 and 20–38). In addition, the co-existence of GAWK immunoreactivity with other peptides and chromogranin B was investigated using comparative immunocytochemistry. In the gut, GAWK was localised mainly to serotonin-containing cells of the mucosal epithelium, where electron microscopy showed it to be stored in typical electron-dense (250 nm diameter) granules, and to a moderate population of nerve fibres in the gut wall. Considerable quantities of GAWK-like immunoreactivity were measured in the gut, up to 36.3±18 pmol GAWK 1–17/g wet weight of tissue (mean±SEM) and 12.4±2.9 pmol GAWK 20–38/g. Chromatography of gut extracts revealed several GAWK-like immunoreactive peaks. GAWK-like immunoreactivity was also detected in endocrine cells of pancreas, pituitary gland and adrenal medulla, where the highest concentrations of GAWK-like immunoreactivity were measured (GAWK 1–17 2071.8±873.2 and GAWK 20–38 1292.7±542.7 pmol/g). Endocrine cells containing GAWK-like immunoreactivity were found also to be immunoreactive for chromogranin B. Our results define a discrete distribution of GAWK immunoreactivity in human endocrine cells and nerves and provide morphological support for the postulated precursor-product relationship between chromogranin B and GAWK. Details of the functions of this peptide are awaited.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00494359
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Combined use of in situ hybridisation and immunocytochemistry for the investigation of prolactin gene expression in immature, pubertal, pregnant, lactating and ovariectomised rats (1988)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 89 (1988), S. 75-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have investigated the use of in situ hybridisation together with immunocytochemistry for the study of endocrine cell function, using as an example the expression of prolactin messenger RNA (mRNA) in pituitaries of rats under various endocrinological conditions. In situ hybridisation using a 32P-labelled cRNA probe for rat prolactin was carried out on sections of 4% paraformaldehyde-fixed pituitaries from prepubertal, pubertal, pregnant, lactating and ovariectomised rats and adjacent sections were immunostained for prolactin. Northern gel analysis was performed on total RNA extracts of pregnant, lactating and control pituitaries. While in ovariectomised rat pituitaries both prolactin immunoreactivity and prolactin mRNA were decreased, no differences in prolactin immunostaining were seen between prepubertal, pubertal, pregnant or lactating rats and controls, even when the supra-optimal dilution technique was used. However, using in situ hybridisation, prolactin mRNA signal was increased in prepubertal rats, and with hybridisation and northern gel analysis the signal was reduced in pregnant rats and markedly increased in lactating rats. The combined use of in situ hybridisation and immunocytochemistry provides morphological information concerning endocrine gene expression and protein synthesis in the pituitary gland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00496588
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Galanin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide are colocalised with classical pituitary hormones and show plasticity of expression (1989)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 93 (1989), S. 183-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The identity of galanin- and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-(VIP) immunoreactive (IR) cells in the rat anterior pituitary was investigated using immunocytochemistry and, since levels of both peptides are stimulated by oestrogen, the effect of oestrogen treatment and gonadectomy on the expression of both peptides was examined. In normal male rats, few galanin-IR and very few VIP-IR cells were found. Colocalisation studies performed on 2-μm serial paraffin sections revealed that in these animals galanin IR was present in somatotrophs and thyrotrophs. In normal females in dioestrus many lactotrophs, in addition to somatotrophs and thyrotrophs, expressed galanin, but very few VIP-IR cells were seen. In cryostat sections of normal rat pituitaries, slightly more VIP-IR cells were present. Oestrogen treatment in females produced an increase in frequency of galanin-IR cells, the vast majority of which were lactotrophs, and more VIP-IR cells, identified as lactotrophs, also appeared. VIP was present in a subset of galanin-IR lactotrophs after oestrogen treatment. After ovariectomy female pituitaries resembled those of normal males, with few galanin positive cells none of which were lactotrophs, and hardly any VIP-IR cells. Thus these two peptides are present in specific endocrine cell types of rat anterior pituitary and display plasticity of expression in different cell types under the influence of oestrogen. Their roles in control of pituitary hormone secretion are supported by these findings, and it is possible that both peptides act in a paracrine fashion within the pituitary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315973
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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