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  • 1
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Der vinyloge Tricarbonyl-chromophor. Violerythrin-Endgruppen und verwandte Sechsringverbindungen. Synthese, Konformation, Untersuchung mit Photoelektronen-, UV-, NMR-Spektroskopie und Röntgenstrukturanalyse1)Die Synthese von ungesättigten Fünf- und Sechsringen, 3a, 4, 5b, 5c und 17a, die das Strukturelement des 3-Penten-1,2,5-trions enthalten, wird beschrieben. Diese vinylogen Tricarbonyle werden zusammen mit verwandten Verbindungen auf ihre chromophoren Eigenschaften hin untersucht. Die Konformation in Lösung, insbesondere der Torsionswinkel Ring-Seitenkette, wird mit Hilfe von 3JCH-Kopplungen, NOE-Differenzspektren und Kraftfeldrechnungen abgeleitet. Röntgenstrukturanalysen von 11a, 17a, 18a und 35 liefern die Geometrie im festen Zustand. Die Ionisierungsenergien werden photoelektronenspektroskopisch bestimmt. Zur Berechnung und Interpretation der Absorptionsspektren und der Farbe werden die CNDO/S-CI- und die HAM/3-Methode verwendet.
    Notes: The synthesis of five- and six-membered rings 3a, 4, 5b, 5c, and 17a, containing the structural moiety 3-pentene-1,2,5-trione, is described. The chromophoric properties of these vinylogous tricarbonyls together with related compounds are investigated. The conformation in solution, particularly the torsion angle ring/sidechain, can be derived from measurements of 3JCH coupling constants, NOE difference spectra, and force-field calculations. X-ray structure analyses of 11a, 17a, 18a, and 35 afford geometries in the solid state. Ionization energies are determined by means of photoelectron spectroscopy. The theoretical calculations and interpretation of absorption spectra and colour are carried out using the models CNDO/S-CI and HAM/3.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 93 (1989), S. 7555-7556 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1520-6041
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Intracellular patch-clamp recordings were performed in acutely isolated dorsal root ganglion cells from 10-13-day-old chick embryos13'14. Figure la shows the change in action potential waveform induced by OAG15 (5 jxm), which was delivered by pressure application through a micropipette ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 206 (1987), S. 505-509 
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Carbohydrate metabolism ; Glucose repression ; Regulatory gene ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The HEX2 gene which is necessary for glucose repression and is involved in the regulation of hexokinase PII synthesis and maltose uptake, has been cloned by complementation of a hex2 mutant, and selection for restored growth on maltose. Glucose repression in the transformants was like that in the wild type. The HEX2 gene was localized within a 2.15 kb fragment. The restriction map was confirmed by Southern hybridization of genomic DNA. Based on 30 tetrads, the linkage between HEX2 and TRP1 was determined as 10 cM. Plasmid integration directed to the genomic site of the cloned gene also gave a similar linkage distance between the amino acid auxotroph plasmid marker and genomic TRP1. Gene disruption of HEX2 yielded nonrepressible transformants with elevated hexokinase PII activity showing inhibition by maltose; this provides clear evidence that the HEX2 gene has been isolated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: In this part properties and efficiency of the developed model1,2 are discussed. A variation of the parameters shows that vigorous effects are caused by the effective aggregation. All calculations show that at low conversion there are little temporal steps between the sequential aggregation steps. In the range of 5% to 20% conversion the velocity of aggregation decreases and the aggregative stability agrees with experiences given in the literature. It is shown that the calculated results are in agreement with the experimental results and therefore the presented model is a suitable possibility to describe the formation of some PVC-morphology properties.
    Notes: In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die Eigenschaften des früher1,2 entwickelten Modells untersucht und diskutiert. Die Variation der Modellparameter zeigt einen großen Einfluß der Aggregationsprozesse auf die Subkornmorphologie. Bei niedrigen Monomerumsätzen ist das Zeitintervall zwischen zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Aggregationsschritten sehr klein, so daß für das Teilchenwachstum die Geschwindigkeit der Aggregation der Unterstrukturen entscheidend ist. Im Bereich zwischen 5% und 20% Monomerumsatz sinkt die Aggregationsgeschwindigkeit sehr stark, so daß für das Teilchenwachstum zunehmend die Polymerisationsreaktion an Bedeutung gewinnt. Aggregative Stabilität wird nach dem Modell für einen Teilchengrößenbereich erhalten, der sich in Übereinstimmung mit experimentellen Daten aus der Fachliteratur befindet. Die berechneten Teilchengrößen entsprechen ebenfalls den in der Literatur publizierten experimentellen Werten, so daß das Modell eine gute Grundlage für die Beschreibung einiger morphologisch bestimmter Polymereigenschaften bildet.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: cis-/trans-[1.1.1]-O,N,C,-Tris-σ-homobenzenes  -  Syntheses, [σ2 + σ + σ]cycloreversions, O, N-HeteroninesFor the cis-O,O,N-Tris-σ-homobenzenes 1a,b three alternative syntheses, ultimately starting from benzene of p-quinone, have been devised. In the course of one of these approaches the radical bromination of (tosylimino)-1,4-cyclohexadiene and the equilibration/separation of the resulting mono-/dibromides has been studied. Intermediates obtained in these routes are employed for the preparation of the trans-O,O,N-tris-σ-homobenzenes 6/7. For the cis-O,N,N compound 2a a preparatively useful route is based on cis-benzene dioxide (11). cis-/trans-N,N,C- (3a, b/9a) and cis-/trans-N,N,C- (3a, b/9a and cis-/trans-O,N,C-Tris-σ-homobenzenes (5a, b/10a, b) are prepared by CH2N2 addition to the cis-N,N-/N,O-bis-σ-homobenzenes. A high-yield access to cis-N,N,C systems (3) starts from well available cis-O,O,C compounds (51). From the latter a cis-S,S,C-tris-homobenzene (4) is built up also. The tris-σ-homobenzenes 1a, b (1b: ΔH≠ = 37.1 ± 2.1 kcal/mol, ΔS≠ = 4.1 ± 4.4 e.u.), 2 (2a, ΔG≠ = 33.7 kcal/mol), 3a,b (3a: ΔG≠ = 28.6 kcal/mol; 3b: ΔH≠ = 29.5 ± 1.1 kcal/mol, ΔS≠ = -2.4 ± 2.7 e.u.) und 5a,b (5b: ΔG≠ = 30.2 kcal/mol) and 5a, b (5b: ΔG≠ = 30.2 kcal/mol) undergo the thermal [σ2 + σ2 + σ2] cycloreversion to provide the corresponding O,N-heteronines. The activation barriers are in accord with expectations based on the cooperative 3σ→3π isomerization. The 4,7-dihydro-1,4,7-oxadiazonine 67a crystallizes in a distorted boat conformation (X-ray analysis).
    Notes: Für die cis-O,O,N-Tris-σ-homobenzole 1a,b wurden drei alternative Synthesen, letztlich ausgehend von Benzol oder p-Chinon, entwickelt. Für eines dieser Verfahren wurde die radikalische Bromierung von (Tosylimino)-1,4-cyclohexadien und die Äquilibrierung bzw. Trennung der daraus resultierenden Mono- bzw. Dibromide untersucht. Zwischenprodukte der Synthesen wurden für die Herstellung der trans-O,O,N-Tris-σ-homobenzole 6/7 verwendet. Der für die cis-O,N,N-Verbindung 2a entwickelte Zugang basiert auf cis-Benzoldioxid (11). cis-/trans-N,N,C- (3a, b/9a und cis-/trans-O,N,C-Tris-σ-homobenzole (5a, b/10a, b) wurden über CH2N2-Addition an cis-N,N- bzw. cis-N,O-Bis-σ-homobenzole zugänglich. Ein effizienter Zugang zu cis-N,N,C-Gerüsten (3) geht von gut zugänglichen cis-O,O,C-Verbindungen (51) aus. Letztere sind auch Edukte für cis-S,S,C-Tris-σ-homobenzole (4). Die cis-Tris-homobenzole 1a,b (1b: ΔH≠ = 37.1 ± 2.1 kcal/mol, ΔS≠ = 4.1 ± 4.4 e.u.), 2 (2a, ΔG≠ = 33.7 kcal/mol), 3a,b (3a: ΔG≠ = 28.6 kcal/mol; 3b: ΔH≠ = 29.5 ± 1.1 kcal/mol, ΔS≠ = -2.4 ± 2.7 e.u.) und 5a,b (5b: ΔG≠ = 30.2 kcal/mol) gehen die thermische [σ2 + σ2 + σ2]-Cycloreversion zu den jeweiligen O,N-Heteroninen ein. Die Aktivierungsbarrieren sind im Einklang mit einer kooperativen 3σ→3π-Isomerisierung. Für das 4,7-Dihydro-1,4,7-oxadiazonin 67a ist durch Röntgenstrukturanalyse eine verdrillte Bootkonformation ausgewiesen.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Studies towards Functionalized/Annulated acs-Tetracyclo[7.2.1.04,11.06,10]dodeca-2,7-diene Skeletons  -  X-ray Structural Analyses of a „face-to-face“ Dibenzo Compound and a TetraoxadihydropagodaneHexacyclo[5.4.1.02,6.03,10.04,8.09,12]dodecane-5,11-dione (15), which is efficiently available from 7-acetoxynorbornadiene (1) and tetrachlorocyclopentadienone dimethyl acetal, is the key substance for the synthesis of hexacyclo[6.5.1.02,7.03,11.04,9.010,14]tetradeca-5,12-diene (24) as well as of various 5,12-functionalized acs-tetracyclo[7.2.1.04,11.06,10]dodeca-2,7-dienes (32, 36, 40, 41), of some related 2,3-benzo- (84, 85) and „face-to-face“ 2,3:7,8-dibenzo compounds (54-58), which are sought as photosubstrates. The two isomeric „face-to-face“ dipyridazines 65/68 are obtained starting from a pagodane intermediate (60) via the tetraformyl derivative 63. X-ray structural analyses together with MM2 calculations for the dibenzo compound 54 and for the tetraoxadihydropagodane 64 (a [4]peristylane) derived from 63, provide detailed structural informations.
    Notes: Das aus 7-Acetoxynorbornadien (1) und Tetrachlorcyclopentadienon-dimethylacetal effizient zugängliche Hexacyclo[5.4.1.02,6.03,10.04,8.09,12]dodecan-5,11-dion (15) ist die Schlüsselsubstanz für die Herstellung des Hexacyclo[6.5.1.02,7.03,10.04,9.010,14]tetradeca-5,12-diens (24) sowie einiger u. a. als Photosubstrate gesuchter, unterschiedlich 5,12-funktionalisierter acs-Tetracyclo[7.2.1.04,11.06,10]dodeca-2,7-diene (32, 36, 40, 41), der zugehörigen 2,3-Benzo- (84, 85) und „face-to-face“ 2,3:7,8-Dibenzoverbindungen (54-58). Die zwei isomeren „face-to-face“-Dipyridazine 65/68 werden, ausgehend von einem Pagodan-Zwischenprodukt (60), über das Tetraformylintermediat 63 synthetisiert. Für die Dibenzoverbindung 54 und das aus 63 entstandene Tetraoxadihydro-pagodan 64 (ein [4]Peristylan) liefern Röntgenstrukturanalysen, im Vergleich mit MM2-Rechnungen, detaillierte Strukturinformationen.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Die C8H10-Kohlenwasserstoffe 1, 3, 4 und 6 wurden im statischen System thermolysiert, und die Arrhenius-Parameter wurden gemessen. Die Bildungswärmen wurden kalorimetrisch bestimmt. Aus diesen Daten läßt sich eine experimentelle Energiehyperfläche konstruieren, die folgende Merkmale aufweist: 1) Die Grundzustandsenergie von endo-1 ist um 8 kcal mol-1 höher als die von exo-4. 2) Der wichtigste Reaktionsweg ausgehend von endo-1 ist die formal verbotene [2σ + 2π]-Cycloaddition zu 3, deren Mechanismus diskutiert wird. 3) Obwohl die Aktivierungsenergien der Wege 4→6 und 4→3 gleich sind, verläft die Reaktion zu 6 aufgrund des größeren A-Faktors rascher. 4) Der Tetracyclus 3 thermolysiert gemäß dem Prinzip der mikroskopischen Reversibilität über exo-4 zu dem Dien 6.
    Notes: The C8H10 hydrocarbons 1, 3, 4, and 6 have been thermolyzed in a static system and the Arrhenius parameters have been obtained. Calorimetric measurements have been carried out to determine the heats of formation. From these data an experimental energy hypersurface is constructed which shows the following remarkable features: 1) The ground-state energy of endo-1 is higher than that of exo-4 by 8 kcal mol-1. 2) The predominant reaction pathway of endo-1 is the formally forbidden [2σ + 2π] cycloaddition to 3, the mechanism of which is discussed. 3) Although the activation energies of the routes 4→6 and 4→3 are the same, the reaction yielding 6 is faster due to a sizeably higher A factor. 4) The tetracycle 3 chooses the microscopic reverse pathway, i.e. its thermolysis proceeds via exo-4 to give the diene 6.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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