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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of calcium preloading on the growth of calcium carbonate crystals in the endolymphatic sac of the tree frog, Hyla arbores japonica (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 252 (1988), S. 679-682 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Calcium carbonate ; Otoconia ; Endolymphatic sac ; Crystal growth ; X-ray microanalysis ; Tree frog (Hyla arborea japonica)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Tree frogs, either with or without calcium chloride preloading, were maintained in a 0.8% strontium chloride solution for 1 week, then studied by X-ray microanalysis and scanning electron microscopy to determine the distribution of incorporated strontium in the endolymphatic crystals. In the absence of calcium preloading, strontium was detected on every surface of all the crystals, but after calcium preloading for 5 or 7 weeks, strontium incorporation was partially or completely inhibited, suggesting that an inhibition of the growth of the endolymphatic crystals had taken place in these preloaded specimens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216656
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light- and electron-microscopic study of the endolymphatic sac of the tree frog, Hyla arborea japonica (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 249 (1987), S. 57-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Endolymphatic sac ; Calcium carbonate ; Otoconia ; Ultrastructure ; Frog (Hyla arborea japonica)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The endolymphatic sac of the tree frog and its crystals were observed by light- and electron microscopy. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the crystals have a faceted body and two pointed ends. Light- and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the endolymphatic sac is composed of many small chambers. In their lumina, numerous “ghosts” of crystals that resulted from decalcification were observed. The ghosts were demarcated by a linear dense material or embedded in a flocculent substance. The epithelium of the endolymphatic sac is simple squamous or cuboidal and peculiar cytoplasmic granules are found in most cells. The granules are surrounded by a limiting membrane and have varying electron density. Some granules contain a core and/or tubular structures. Vacuoles containing large ghosts are also found in the epithelial cells. These ghosts were quite similar to those in the lumen and sometimes coexist with cell debris. The fine structure of the endolymphatic sac and its crystals is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215418
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Incorporation of strontium into the calcium carbonate crystals of the endolymphatic sac in the tree frog (Hyla arborea japonica) (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 218 (1987), S. 223-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Tree frogs were loaded with strontium chloride (SrCl2). The incorporation of strontium metal into the calcium carbonate (CaCO3) crystals located both in the inner ear and in the endolymphatic sac was studied by x-ray microanalysis (XMA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In the inner ear, strontium was not recognized except for traces in a few crystals. When observed by SEM, these crystals had a faceted body and two pointed ends with rather smooth surfaces. However, in the endolymphatic sac, which greatly expands into the spinal canal, strontium was clearly present at every surface of all crystals. Careful examinations by point and line XMA revealed that strontium x-ray counts were highest at the pointed ends and decreased sharply and then gradually toward the equator of the crystals. SEM observations revealed that the crystals in the endolymphatic sac always had rough and irregular surfaces regardless of their shapes and sizes. Calcium was always found in crystals of both organs. Except for calcium and strontium, other elements including sodium and heavier elements were negligible in XMA. These findings suggest that strontium is incorporated into the crystals only in the endolymphatic sac, and the rough-surfaced covering of these crystals reflects newly deposited strontium salt. It seems to indicate that these crystals grow predominantly by accretion.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092180218
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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