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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 28 (1985), S. 333-337 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: cefotoxin ; renal failure ; peritoneal dialysis ; pharmacokinetics ; CAPD (continuous ambulatory dialysis) ; dialysate concentration ; intra peritoneal administration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of cefoxitin was examined in 9 patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis for chronic renal failure. Cefoxitin was administered intraperitoneally in the dialysate fluid every 6 h for 24 h, in two different concentrations, 50 µg/ml and 100 µg/ml. The plasma half-life of cefoxitin was 20.2 h. The major route of elimination was non-renal, with a clearance of 8.0 ml/min. Peritoneal clearance was 4.1 ml/min. As expected, renal clearance was negligible. The peak plasma concentrations of cefoxitin at the two dose levels used were 7 µg/ml and 15 µg/ml, respectively, when assayed by HPLC, and 12 µg/ml and 24 µg/ml when determined by a microbiological assay. The cefoxitin concentration in the dialysate decreased from 50 µg/ml to 14 µg/ml and from 100µg/ml to 37 µg/ml during the 6 h of its retention in the peritoneal cavity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Aztreonam wurde bei Einleitung der Anästhesie in einer Dosis von 1 g an 20 Patienten, bei denen colorektale Operationen durchgeführt wurden, intravenös appliziert; im Abstand von acht Studen wurden 48 Stunden lang jeweils weitere 1 g-Dosen verabreicht. Zur Bestimmung der Aztreonam-Konzentrationen wurde eine Reihe von Serum- und Stuhlproben gewonnen. Unter der Operation wurden Gewebeproben vom Darm entnommen. 15 Minuten nach Aztreonam-Gabe wurden unter der Operation die höchsten Aztreonam-Serumkonzentrationen erreicht (Mittelwert 114,7 mg/l). In den Gewebeproben fanden sich Aztreonam-Konzentrationen von 4,1–28,3 mg/kg, in den Stuhlproben von 0,4–34,4 mg/kg. Zur Anzüchtung aerober und anaerober Bakterien wurden im Untersuchungszeitraum ebenfalls Stuhlproben gewonnen. Während der Prophylaxephase war eine erhebliche Suppression der Enterobakterien festzustellen, gleichzeitig stiegen bei zehn Patienten die Staphylokokken signifikant an. Bei drei dieser Patienten traten postoperative Wundinfektionen mit Staphylokokken auf. Die anaerobe Bakterienpopulation änderte sich im selben Zeitraum nur geringfügig. Nach zwei Wochen hatte sich bei allen Patienten die Mikroflora normalisiert. Insgesamt traten fünf postoperative Infektionen auf, einschließlich einer Anastomosendehiszenz bei einem Patienten.
    Notes: Summary Aztreonam was given intravenously at a dose of 1 g at induction of anaesthesia, followed by subsequent doses of 1 g at eight hour intervals during 48 hours to 20 patients undergoing colorectal surgery. A series of serum and faecal specimens were taken for analysis of aztreonam concentrations. Tissue samples from the gut wall were taken at surgery. The maximum serum concentrations (mean value 114.7 mg/l) during surgery were reached 15 minutes after aztreonam administration. The aztreonam concentration in the tissue samples varied from 4.1–28.3 mg/kg and the concentration in the faecal samples from 0.4–34.4 mg/kg. Faecal samples were also collected during the investigation period for cultivation of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Enterobacteria were suppressed significantly during the prophylaxis period and there was a significant increase of staphylococci in ten of the patients. Three of these patients developed postoperative wound infections with staphylococci. Among the anaerobic bacteria, only minor changes were observed during the same period. After two weeks, the microflora was normalized in all patients. Five postoperative infections including an anastomose dehiscence in one patient occurred.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 4 (1985), S. 544-547 
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The efficacy of the antimicrobial removal device in facilitating isolation of bacteria from blood containing antibiotics was evaluated in a multicenter study. Blood specimens from 143 patients who had culture-proven septicemia and had been on antibiotic treatment for at least 24 hours were recultured with and without the aid of the device. Septicemia persisted in 33 of the patients and use of the device improved the isolation rates: 63 % of the gram-positive bacteria and 32 % of the gram-negative bacteria were isolated only with the aid of the device. Use of the device was an advantage in 10 of 13 cases where the antibiotic concentration in the bottles exceeded the MIC for the infecting microorganism but in only 5 of 19 cases where the concentration was lower than the MIC. It is concluded that the antimicrobial removal device may be useful in patients already on antibiotic treatment, but that its use is limited by the cost and the amount of work involved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 7 (1988), S. 135-143 
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of ofloxacin on the microflora in saliva, gastric juice, and feces was evaluated in 24 patients undergoing gastric surgery. A single peroral dose of 400 mg ofloxacin was given to each patient 2–4 h before surgery. The concentrations of ofloxacin in serum, saliva, gastric juice, and gastric mucosa tissue were assayed. OnlyBranhamella cocci were affected in the saliva. In the gastric juice, both the aerobic and anaerobic flora were suppressed on the day of surgery, but increased in number afterwards. There was a significant correlation between gastric pH and the number of microorganisms isolated in the gastric juice on day 0. In faeces, the aerobic and part of the anaerobic flora were suppressed by the administration of ofloxacin. Ofloxacin was well tolerated by the patients. Four of 24 patients developed postoperative complications. Microorganisms isolated from wound sepsis and intraabdominal sepsis (three patients) wereStaphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, hemolytic streptococci group A,Streptococcus sp. andEscherichia coli. All related infections occurred in patients with very low ofloxacin serum concentrations, probably due to impaired absorption. Oral antibiotic prophylaxis is not recommended in patients in whom impaired gastric emptying can be expected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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