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  • 1
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    Origen "Werke", iii: "Jeremiahomilien, Klageliederkommentar, Erklärung der Samuelund Königsbücher", ed. E. Klostermann and P. Nautin (Book Review) (1985)
    London : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Journal of theological studies. n.s.:36 (1985) 559 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-5185
    Topics: Theology and Religious Studies
    Notes: AUTHORS AND BOOKS REVIEWED OR NOTICED
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:f198-1985-036-00-000160
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tumor and serum tamoxifen concentrations in the athymic nude mouse (1989)
    Springer
    Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 23 (1989), S. 68-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The athymic nude mouse has been used as an in vivo model for pharmacologic studies of the antiestrogen, tamoxifen. Serum and tumor tamoxifen and metabolite concentrations were examined during and after 100 and 1000 μg/day doses injected s.c. Tamoxifen and tamoxifen metabolites were quantitated by high-performance liquid chromatography. Tamoxifen was detected in tumors after a dose of 100 μg/day, although serum concentrations were not detected. At a dose of 1000 μg/day, tumor tamoxifen and its active metabolites were detected in high concentrations ranging up to 〉6 mmol/g tissue. Serum tamoxifen metabolites were not detected at either dose. In summary, high doses of tamoxifen were required in the nude mouse to obtain clinically relevant serum concentrations, and significant tumor levels were achieved at doses that resulted in undetectable serum levels. The relationship between serum tamoxifen concentrations, tumor tamoxifen levels, and the biologic activity of the drug requires further study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00273519
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serum tamoxifen concentrations in the athymic nude mouse after three methods of administration (1987)
    Springer
    Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 20 (1987), S. 316-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The athymic nude mouse has been used as an in vivo model for pharmacologic studies of the antiestrogen, tamoxifen. We hav examined the steady-state serum tamoxifen concentrations achieved in mice with s. c. slow-release pellets, s. c. injections, and i. p. injections, in an attempt to identify a method that would yield serum levels similar to those observed in patients receiving tamoxifen therapy. Tamoxifen and tamoxifen metabolites were examined by a high-performance liquid chromatography assay which has a sensitivity of 8 ng/ml. Tamoxifen metabolites were not observed with any dose or schedule. After slow-release pellets containing 5 or 25 mg tamoxifen no tamoxifen was detectable, even after 2 weeks of treatment. Very low levels (0.07 μM) were found with 50-mg pellets. Tamoxifen was also not detected either with daily s. c. injections of 500 μg/mouse or with i. p. injections of 2.5 mg/kg. However, daily s. c. injections of 1000 μg or i. p. injections of 25, 50, o4 100 mg/kg resulted in tamoxifen concentrations ranging from 0.21 to 0.51 μM which are similar to those observed in patients. Thus, clinically relevant tamoxifen concentrations can be achieved in the nude mouse with either of these methods of administration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00262583
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adjuvant chemotherapy for operable breast cancer with positive axillary nodes: A comparison of CMFVP versus L-PAM (1985)
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 9 (1985), S. 719-722 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Cette étude portant sur 5 ans montre que les résultats de la chimiothérapie par le CMFVP (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5 FU, vincristine, prednisone) est supérieure à la chimiothérapie par le L-PAM (melphalan). La chimiothérapie associée pour traiter les malades atteints de cancer du sein opérable avec envahissement ganglionnaire donne un intervalle de temps entre l'opération et la reprise de l'affection, et une survie plus longues quand elle est assurée par le traitement continu avec les CMFVP par rapport au traitement discontinu avec le L-PAM. La diminution significative de la récidive et le prolongement de la survie sont manifestes pour la totalité du groupe traité par le protocole CMFVP et les sous-groupes suivants: femmes avant la ménopause, après la ménopause, avec envahissement ganglionnaire supérieur à 4 ganglions. Lorsque l'envahissement ganglionnaire concerne 1–3 ganglions, la récidive survient plus tardivement mais la durée de la survie au total n'est pas augmentée.
    Abstract: Resumen La presente actualización a 5 años continúa demostrando que la combinación CMFVP (ciclofosfamida, metotrexato, 5-fluorouracil, vincristina, y prednisona) es superior al L-PAM (melfalán). La quimioterapia adyuvante para pacientes con cáncer mamario operable con ganglios axilares positivos tratados con CMFVP continua demuestra un intervalo libre de enfermedad significativamente más prolongado y una mejor tasa de supervivencia total que la observada en pacientes tratados con regimenes intermitentes de L-PAM. Estos significativos descensos en la recurrencia y prolongación de la supervivencia pueden ser demostrados en la totalidad del grupo tratado con CMFVP y en los siguientes subgrupos: premenopáusico, postmenopáusico y mujeres con 4 o más ganglios axilares afectados. Las mujeres con 1–3 ganglios afectados exhibieron una supervivencia libre de enfermedad significativamente más prolongada, pero la ventaja en cuanto a supervivencia total no es estadísticamente significativa.
    Notes: Abstract This 5-year update of a study by the Southwest Oncology Group continues to show that combination chemotherapy utilizing cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, vincristine, and prednisone (CMFVP) is superior to melphalan (L-PAM) used alone. Adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with operable breast cancer and positive axillary nodes treated with continuous CMFVP confers a significantly longer disease-free and total survival compared to those treated with intermittent L-PAM. This significant decrease in recurrence and prolongation of survival are demonstrated for the entire CMFVP group and in the following subgroups: premenopausal, postmenopausal, and women with 4 or more axillary nodes. Women with 1 to 3 axillary nodes have a significantly longer disease-free interval, but a total survival advantage is not statistically significant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01655186
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adjuvant therapy for breast cancer with positive axillary nodes designed according to estrogen receptor status (1985)
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 9 (1985), S. 723-727 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Cet article constitue un rapport préliminaire provenant du Groupe Oncologique du Sud-Ouest des Etats-Unis. Il concerne les effets obtenus par la chimiothérapie associée à l'exérèse du cancer du sein qui s'accompagne d'un envahissement des ganglions axillaires. L'étude est randomisée en fonction du paramètre “récepteur oestrogénique”. Les malades qui appartiennent au groupe “oestrogène récepteur négatif” sont soumis pendant 1 an ou 2 ans à une chimiothérapie CMFVP (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-FU, vincristine, prédnisone). Le groupe “oestrogène récepteur positif” est soumis à la même chimiothérapie pendant un an et/ou à un traitement hormonal. 1. Les malades du groupe “oestrogène récepteur positif” présentent une récidive plus tardive que celle des malades qui appartiennent au groupe “oestrogène récepteur négatif (p=0.004). 2. Il n'y a pas de différence significative en ce qui concerne ce fait pour les malades du groupe “oestrogène récepteur négatif qui sont traités un an ou deux ans par le CMFVP. 3. Les données pour les malades du groupe “oestrogène récepteur positif” sont trop récentes pour apprécier avec précision la durée de la survie totale ou celle de l'intervalle libre entre le traitement et la récidive. 4. La toxicité du traitement chimiothérapique est acceptable dès lors que le traitement est bien conduit sous une surveillance effectuée à intervalles réguliers et fréquents qui permet de dépister les signes avant-coureurs de la toxicité.
    Abstract: Resumen Este es un informe preliminar del Southwest Oncology Group de los Estados Unidos, grupo en el cual la terapia fue realizada en forma aleatorizada de acuerdo a los datos sobre receptores de estrógeno. Los pacientes con receptores de estrógeno negativos recibieron 1 o 2 años de CMFVP (ciclofosfamida, metotrexato, 5-fluorouracil, vincristina, y prednisona). Los pacientes con receptores de estrógeno positivos recibieron CMFVP por un año y/o terapia hormonal. 1. Los pacientes con receptores de estrógeno positivos presentaron un intervalo libre de enfermedad significativamente más largo que el de los pacientes con receptores de estrógeno negativos (p=0.004). 2. No se encontre una diferencia significativa en el intervalo libre de enfermedad entre los pacientes con receptores de estrógeno negativos que recibieron CMFVP por uno o por dos años. 3. Los datos sobre los pacientes con ER positivo son demasiado preliminares para poder informar sobre el estado libre de enfermedad o la supervivencia. 4. La toxicidad es aceptable en gracia a la monitoría mediante controles y exámenes frecuentes, lo cual resulta en una baja incidencia de toxicidad que pueda hacer peligrar la vida del paciente.
    Notes: Abstract This is a preliminary report of the Southwest Oncology Group in which therapy is randomized by estrogen receptor (ER) data. Estrogen receptor-negative patients receive either 1 or 2 years of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, vincristine, and prednisone (CMFVP). The ER-positive group receive CMFVP for 1 year and/or hormonal therapy. The findings to date include: (a) Estrogen receptor-positive patients have a significantly longer disease-free interval compared to ER-negative patients (p =0.004); (b) there is no significant difference in diseasefree interval for ER-negative patients who receive either 1 or 2 years of CMFVP; (c) the data for ER-positive patients is too preliminary to report for disease-free or total survival; and (d) toxicity is acceptable because of frequent monitoring and examinations which result in the low percentage of life-threatening toxicity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01655187
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase II trial of a new biological response modifier (ImuVert) in advanced prostate cancer (1989)
    Springer
    Investigational new drugs 7 (1989), S. 243-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0646
    Keywords: ImuVert ; Phase II ; biological response modifier
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary ImuVert, a new biological response modifier of bacterial origin, was evaluated in a Phase II trial of patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Sixteen patients with hormone refractory measurable or evaluable disease were treated with ImuVert 1.0 mg subcutaneously once weekly for 5 weeks. After a 1 week rest period, the dose was escalated to 3.0 mg weekly for 5 additional weeks. Eleven patients received the full 10 weeks of therapy. Toxicity consisted of mild transient flu-like symptoms as well as the development of tenderness and induration at injection sites. No patient responded to treatment. ImuVert at this dose and schedule is inactive in advanced prostate cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00170867
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of growth factors in breast cancer (1988)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 12 (1988), S. 159-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: growth factors ; TGF's ; EGF ; autocrine ; paracrine ; stromal cells ; tumor markers ; receptors ; oncogenes ; prognostic indicators ; breast cancer therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01805937
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pain control in breast cancer (1989)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 13 (1989), S. 5-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: advanced disease ; analgesics ; bone metastases ; epidural narcotics ; lymphedema ; narcotics ; nerve block ; pain ; postmastectomy syndrome ; steroids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Pain can be a prominent finding in breast cancer patients. It may occur in the setting of the postmastectomy period, related to the disruption of normal neural pathways or the development of lymphedema. In advanced disease, the management of pain from nerve compression or bone metastases requires special approaches. In this panel discussion, the participating physicians will discuss these topics and provide an up-to-date approach to pain control in breast cancer patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01806545
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Secreted growth factors from estrogen receptor-negative human breast cancer do not support growth of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer in the nude mouse model (1988)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 11 (1988), S. 211-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: breast cancer ; autocrine growth regulation ; estrogen action ; growth factors ; nude mice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Estrogen receptor (ER)-negative MDA-231 human breast cancer cells have been shown to secrete high concentrations of several growth factors including transforming growth factor-alpha and insulin-like growth factor I, which could have important autocrine or paracrine growth regulatory functions and, additionally, could explain the rapid autonomous growth of these cells. In contrast, the hormone-responsive, ER-positive MCF-7 cells secrete low levels of these factors constitutively. Since estrogen treatment increases secretion of these growth factors in MCF-7 cells, it has been postulated that these growth factors mediate estrogen's growth effects through an autocrine mechanism. To test this hypothesis we reasoned that growth factors supplied by MDA-231 cells should support growth of MCF-7 cells in an estrogen-depleted environment. Inoculation of castrated female athymic nude mice with MDA-231 cells resulted in rapid tumor growth. However, MDA-231 tumors did not support growth of MCF-7 cells inoculated on the opposite flank by an endocrine mechanism; MCF-7 tumors required estrogen supplementation for growth. To determine if MDA-231 cells could support MCF-7 growth by a paracrine mechanism, various mixtures of the two cell lines were coinoculated at the same site in castrated or in estrogen-supplemented mice. ER was not detectable in tumors derived from a mixed inoculum, indicating the absence of MCF-7 cell growth. Furthermore, DNA flow cytometry of these tumors revealed only a single G1 peak representative of MDA-231 cells in estrogen-deprived mice. On the other hand, two distinct G1 peaks representing both MDA-231 and MCF-7 cells were detected in tumors grown in estrogen-supplemented mice. These data demonstrate that growth factors from estrogen-independent MDA-231 cells are not capable of replacing estrogen for growth stimulation of MCF-7 cells. Either estrogen-stimulated growth of MCF-7 cells requires other secreted factors not supplied by MDA-231 cells, or it involves a different mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01807279
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endocrine therapy testing of human breast cancers in the soft agar clonogenic assay (1985)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 6 (1985), S. 229-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: tamoxifen ; medroxyprogesterone acetate ; breast cancer ; soft agar cloning assay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The human tumor soft agar cloning assay has been used to assess the biological effects of cytotoxic drugs and other agents on human cancers. In this study we have examined the effects of two hormonal agents, tamoxifen (Tam) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), on colony growth of the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line as well as fresh human breast cancer specimens. Using standard criteria for a colony (〉50 cells or 〉60 microns in diameter) Tam (1.0µM) reduced MCF-7 colony formation by only 30% to 50%, and MPA (1.0µM) had no effect. However, both agents dramatically reduced the formation of larger colonies; less than 10% of colonies larger than 124 microns survived Tam exposure, and less than 25% survived with MPA.In vitro sensitivity (〈 30% colony survival) of fresh human breast cancer specimens was observed infrequently with either Tam (1/39 evaluable assays) or MPA (3/36 evaluable assays). Colony growth of human breast cancer was unaltered when cells were plated in charcoal-stripped serum to reduce the endogenous estrogen concentration.In vitro sensitivity to Tam or MPA was not increased under these conditions. No correlation was found between estrogen receptor (ER) concentration and inhibition of colony survival with Tam or MPA. None of 16 assays from ER-positive specimens treated with Tam and 2 of 18 ER-positive specimens treated with MPA were sensitivein vitro. In contrast, 2 of 12 ER-negative specimens tested with Tam and 3 of 7 ER-negative specimens tested with MPA were sensitivein vitro. Stimulation of colony growth was observed in about 20% of Tam or MPA-treated specimens. Of the assays with ER data available, 10 of 11 with enhanced colony growth were ER-positive. Human breast cancer specimens did not grow well enough to assess the effect of these agents on large-sized colonies. These data suggest that the standard human tumor cloning assay will need modification before it can be used to predict hormonal sensitivity of fresh human breast cancer specimens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01806773
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