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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Overlapping electron traps in n-type silicon studied by capacitance transient spectroscopy (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 66 (1989), S. 1699-1704 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In n-type Czochralski-grown silicon samples, a broad unidentified level is observed ∼0.32 eV below the conduction band after high-energy electron irradiation. This level has been investigated in detail using deep-level transient spectroscopy and capacitance-versus-time measurements. The broad level consists of two overlapping but independent peaks which are clearly resolved. The generation rate of these peaks, as a function of bombardment dose and as a function of sample depth, as well as their annealing kinetics has been investigated. The identities of the overlapping peaks are discussed, and our findings are compared with optical and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements performed by other authors. In particular, the importance of performing depth profiling when identifying unknown peaks is emphasized. One level is tentatively assigned to a gold-related complex, while the other shows several similarities with the EPR G15 center.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.344389
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deep-level transient spectroscopy and photoluminescence studies of electron-irradiated Czochralski silicon (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 60 (1986), S. 1974-1979 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Isothermal annealing of electron-irradiated Czochralski silicon samples (n-type) has been performed at 335 °C. The annealing process was studied using deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) and photoluminescence (PL). The dominating level in the DLTS spectra directly after irradiation is located ∼0.18 eV below the conduction band and has previously been assigned to a vacancy-oxygen center by other authors. During the anneal the concentration of vacancy-oxygen centers decreases, and simultaneously a new level, ∼0.20 eV below the conduction band, grows up. It is shown that the defect giving rise to this new level may be vacancy related. The PL spectra directly after irradiation are dominated by the G line (969 meV) and the C line (790 meV). The G line disappears rapidly, while the C line is still present after 320 min at 335 °C. During the heat treatment some new lines appear, e.g., the P line (767 meV) and a line at 950 meV. Based on the annealing kinetics, it is speculated that the 950-meV defect may be vacancy related.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.337198
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chirped gratings for efficient coupling into nonlinear waveguides (1987)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 51 (1987), S. 390-391 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We show experimentally that chirped gratings can be used to obtain high coupling efficiencies into waveguides containing media with an intensity-dependent refractive index.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.98399
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optically controlled angular beam scanning via grating output couplers in nonlinear ZnS waveguides (1988)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 53 (1988), S. 941-943 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We demonstrate angular scanning in space of an optical beam, which is coupled out of a nonlinear waveguide via a grating coupler. The output angle is controlled by the power of a second beam, which is coupled into the waveguide via the same grating. The scan angle of the first beam can be made to vary continuously or abruptly, depending on the initial detuning of the second control beam from the coupling resonance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.100076
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Generation of divacancies in tin-doped silicon (1987)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 51 (1987), S. 2257-2259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Czochralski-grown tin-doped silicon samples have been irradiated by 2 MeV electrons at room temperature. The concentration of divacancies is studied as a function of bombardment dose, and as a function of temperature during a subsequent isochronal annealing. The results are compared with that for a control sample and the role of direct generation versus vacancy-vacancy pairing for divacancy formation is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.98902
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Life without oxygen: what can and what cannot? (1986)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 42 (1986), S. 1197-1205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Anaerobic metabolism ; anaerobic environment ; biotechnological application of anaerobes ; redox sequences ; evolution of oxygen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The basic principles involved in the biotransformation of organic carbon compounds in the absence of molecular oxygen (dioxygen) are presented in this paper. The role of various electron acceptors during the breakdown of organic compounds is discussed and the metabolic end-products expected are summarized. The different biochemical possibilities and strategies for the anaerobic degradation of organic matter and the metabolic response of some organisms to anaerobiosis are elucidated. Positive and negative effects of anaerobiosis on environmentally relevant processes and their influence on man and on animals are reviewed. Finally, some examples of the biotechnological application of anaerobic processes are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01946391
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Potential for higher rates of denitrification in earthworm casts than in the surrounding soil (1986)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 2 (1986), S. 147-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Denitrification ; N2O ; Earthworm casts ; Respiration ; Lumbricus terrestris ; Medicago sativa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris L.) were cultured in the laboratory and fed on lucerne (Medicago sativa L.). Denitrification rates in the surface casts and the surrounding soil were quantified using C2H2-inhibition of nitrous oxide reductase. The investigation also included determination of the N2O-formation by nitrification as well as CO2-formation as a measure of respiration. The denitrification rates of wet earthworm casts were found to be significantly higher than those occurring in wet samples from the soil. The low N2O-formation observed seemed to be due to denitrification. Respiration was higher in casts, indicating higher oxygen demand which resulted in more anaerobic conditions. The energy supply was probably better in casts compared with the surrounding soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00257593
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationships between soil moisture content and nitrous oxide production during nitrification and denitrification (1988)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 6 (1988), S. 106-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Nitrification ; Denitrification ; Soil water content ; N2O production ; Acetylene ; Ammonium fixation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effect of soil water content [60%–100% water-holding capacity (WHC)] on N2O production during autotrophic nitrification and denitrification in a loam soil was studied in a laboratory experiment by selectively inhibiting nitrification with a low C2H2 concentration (2.1 Pa). Nitrifiers usually produced more N2O than denitrifiers. During an initial experimental period of 0–6 days the nitrifiers produced more N2O than the denitrifiers by a factor ranging from 1.4 to 16.5, depending on the water content and length of incubation. The highest N2O production rate by nitrifiers was observed at 90% WHC, when the soil had become partly anaerobic, as indicated by the high denitrification rate. At 100% WHC there were large gaseous losses from denitrification, while nitrification losses were smaller except for the first period of measurement, when there was still some O2 remaining in the soil. The use of 10 kPa C2H2 to inhibit reduction of N2O to N2 stimulated the denitrification process during prolonged incubation over several days; thus the method is unsuitable for long-term studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00257658
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A method of selective inhibition to distinguish between nitrification and denitrification as sources of nitrous oxide in soil (1988)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 6 (1988), S. 112-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Denitrification ; Nitrification ; Selective inhibitors ; Nitrapyrin ; Acetylene ; Nitrous oxide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Nitrapyrin and C2H2 were evaluated as nitrification inhibitors in soil to determine the relative contributions of denitrification and nitrification to total N2O production. In laboratory experiments nitrapyrin, or its solvent xylene, stimulated denitrification directly or indirectly and was therefore considered unsuitable. Low partial pressures of C2H2 (2.5–5.0 Pa) inhibited nitrification and had only a small effect on denitrification, which made it possible to estimate the contribution of denitrification. The contribution of nitrification was estimated by subtracting the denitrification value from total N2O production (samples without C2H2). The critical C2H2 concentrations needed to achieve inhibition of nitrification, without affecting the N2O reductase in denitrifiers, must be individually determined for each set of experimental conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00257659
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluorescent double-labelling study of ascending and descending neurones in the feline lateral cervical nucleus (1986)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 62 (1986), S. 479-485 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cat ; Double labelling ; Fluorescent tracing ; Lateral cervical nucleus ; Ascending and descending neurones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The organization of ascending and descending neurones of the lateral cervical nucleus (LCN) was investigated in 10 adult cats after injections of the fluorescent tracers Fast Blue and Nuclear Yellow. Injections into the thalamus and tectum resulted in up to 3000 labelled cell profiles within the contralateral LCN. This corresponded to a calculated number of 4500 labelled LCN neurones. The greatest diameter of the labelled cell profiles was about 30 μm. They were located throughout the nucleus, but were less numerous in its medial portion. Injections mainly into the dorsal horn of different pairs of cervical and lumbar segments of the spinal cord resulted in a calculated number of up to 305 labelled LCN cells. The diameter of these cell profiles was about 25 μm and they were mainly situated in the rostro-ventral and medial parts of the LCN. Doublelabelled cells with ascending and descending projections were not encountered after injections into the thalamus-tectum and spinal segments C5-6. About 15% of the descending LCN cells were doublelabelled by pairs of spinal injections separated by intervals of one segment. It is concluded that the neurones descending down the spinal cord and ascending to the thalamus-tectum constitute different subpopulations of cells within the LCN and that a minor proportion of the descending cells seem to project to at least three adjacent segments of the spinal cord.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236026
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