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  • 1980-1984  (8)
  • 1975-1979  (4)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (10)
  • Concurrent schedules  (2)
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Material
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Year
Keywords
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Concurrent etonitazene and water intake in rats: Role of taste, olfaction, and auditory stimuli (1979)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 64 (1979), S. 1-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Etonitazene ; Etonitazene reinforcement ; Concurrent schedules ; Choice procedures ; Rats ; Taste ; Olfaction ; Auditory stimuli ; Discriminative stimuli ; Conditioned reinforcers ; Fixed-ratio schedules
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Etonitazene and water were concurrently available to four rats during daily 1 h sessions in operant conditioning chambers equipped with two levers and two liquid dippers. A food-induced training procedure was used whereby etonitazene drinking was rapidly established by presenting rats with gradually increased drug concentrations with their daily food ration. When food was subsequently removed from the session and given post-session, etonitazene responding persisted. The rats were subsequently trained on fixed-ratio (FR) schedules with concurrent access to etonitazene and water. The number of dipper presentations compared with etonitazene concentrations (0.078–10.0 μg/ml) resulted in a typical inverted U-shaped function while etonitazene intake (μg/kg) increased directly with concentration. After drinking large quantities of etonitazene the rats showed ataxia, hyper-activity, and stereotypy. Extinction tests demonstrated that rats could discriminate between etonitazene and water on the basis of one dipper full of each liquid; the amount of etonitazene in one dipper was 0.0078 μg. Further tests showed that this discrimination was based on taste or immediate post-ingestional feedback rather than olfactory cues. An auditory stimulus was presented concurrently with responses on the drug lever; however, there was no difference in responding for the drug in the presence or absence of this stimulus except at the lowest concentration. After the extinction tests, when the lowest drug concentration was again available with concurrent water, responding was substantially higher in the presence of stimulus associated with availability of etonitazene. The results extend previous work on oral narcotic intake to a lever-press concurrent choice procedure which is sensitive to reinforcing effects of the drug at low concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427336
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of feeding conditions on drug-reinforced behavior: Maintenance at reduced body weight versus availability of food (1980)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 68 (1980), S. 121-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Etonitazene reinforcement ; Oral selfadministration ; Food deprivation ; Food access ; Concurrent schedules ; Rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Recent research has shown that food deprivation increases drug self-administration in rats and rhesus monkeys. The purpose of the present study was to examine two variables related to this food-deprivation effect: maintenance of rats at reduced body weights and the absence of food. Etonitazene HCl was established as a reinforcer orally for 12 rats according to procedures previously used in experiments reported by this laboratory. Lever-pressing behavior was maintained under fixed-ratio (FR) schedules during daily 1-h sessions by etonitazene or water, which were available either concurrently or on alternating days. In the first experiment, six rats were maintained at 75% of their free-feeding weights. The effect of presenting the daily food allotment at 23, 4, 2, 1, or 0 h before their daily drug or water self-administration session was studied. When the rats were fed 23, 4, or 2 h before the session, etonitazene dipper presentations were at maximum levels and were substantially higher than for water. When the rats were fed during (0) or 1 h before the session, the number of etonitazene dipper presentations was lower, but it exceeded those for water. Under conditions of complete food satiation (0 h deprived-100% body weight), etonitazene and water dipper presentations were both low, and there were no differences between them. In the second experiment, six rats maintained at 75% of their free-feeding weights were trained to respond for etonitazene or water on alternating days. When they were subsequently food satiated (100% body weight), drug- and water-maintained behavior decreased to low levels. These rats were then deprived of food for 4 or 16 h before their daily 1-h session, and responding did not increase. Body weight did not decrease below 100%. These results suggest that maintenance at reduced body weight rather than the absence of food is the determinant of increased rates of drug-reinforced behavior.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00432128
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of cyclopentolate by capillary column gas-liquid chromatography (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 144-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary column ; Cyclopentolate ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070310
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A stable isotope technique for investigating lactate metabolism in humans (1983)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 10 (1983), S. 458-462 
    Details
    ISSN: 0306-042X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A stable isotope tracer method has been developed for studying lactate metabolism in humans. The method uses lactic acid triply labeled with 13C as the tracer. The stable isotope is infused to attain a level of approximately 1.5% of that of the circulating unlabeled lactate. Following the isolation of lactic acid from the blood, the percentage of triply labeled (13C)lactate is measured using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. We compared this method with tracer methodology using [14C]lactate and found comparable results.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200100804
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) instrumentation (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mass Spectrometry Reviews 2 (1983), S. 1-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 0277-7037
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mas.1280020102
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of 13C isotope shifts to assign carbon atoms α and β (and para) to a hydroxy group in alkyl substituted phenols and alcohols (1980)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 13 (1980), S. 40-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Doublets can be observed for carbons α and β to the hydroxyl in aliphatic alcohols containing equimolar amounts of OH and OD dissolved in (CH3)2SO containing CaSO4 desiccant. Isotopic doublets are also observed for the ipso and ortho carbons in alkyl substituted phenols. Para isotopic doublets are observable in para-substituted phenols containing a large 2-substituent. The isotope shift is positive (low field) for the para carbon, opposite to the negative shifts usually observed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrc.1270130109
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical ionization mass spectrometry of crown ether acetals using isobutane as reagent gas (1983)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1983), S. 402-405 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Isobutane chemical ionization mass spectrometry of crown ether acetals (M), derived from ethanal, give [MH]+ ions from which species corresponding to 44 u are successively eliminated. Mechanisms are presented in which these units correspond to (i) ethanal and (ii) oxirane. An accompanying process is the elimination of ethyne. Similar reactions occur in the chemical ionization mass spectrometry of benzo crown ether acetals.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210180907
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of reactive collisions in tandem mass spectrometry for the differentiation of isomeric structures (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 19 (1984), S. 104-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210190212
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbon-13-fluorine-19 coupling constants in benzotrifluorides (1977)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 9 (1977), S. 589-592 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The carbon-fluorine coupling constants in 33 different substituted benzotrifluorides (trifluoromethyl-benzenes) have been determined. The 3J(CF) to the ortho aromatic ring carbons varied between 1.7 and 5.6 Hz and, in a given molecule, were always larger than the 5J(CF) to the para carbon, which ranged between 0.7 and 1.7 Hz. Coupling to the meta carbons, 4J(CF), was not observed and is under 0.3 Hz.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrc.1270091008
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical ionization induced fragmentations of 2-phenyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolanes and 2-phenyl-1,3,2-dioxaborinanes (1979)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 14 (1979), S. 196-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Chemical ionization induced fragmentations (with 2-methylpropane as reagent gas) of 4-methyl- and 4,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane and 4-methyl-2-phenyl-1,3,2-dioxaborinane gave in each case two fragments, a hydrocarbon ion and metaboric acid. Propeae and thence metaboric acid are eliminated from 4,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1,3,2-dioxaborinane. The mechanisms of the fragmentations are discussed. Under the conditions used 2-phenyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane and 2-phenyl-1,3,2-dioxaborinane do not fragment.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210140406
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