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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterogeneity of storage proteins in maize (1977)
    Springer
    Planta 136 (1977), S. 115-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Protein ; Storage protein ; Zea ; Zein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The extensive charge heterogeneity of maize (Zea mays L.) zeins observed in isoelectric focusing (IEF) (about 15 bands with pI's in the pH range 6–9) has been found to be independent of extraction procedures or of endosperm development. Zeins do not stain for glycoproteins and exhibit only one lipoprotein component, with pI 3, representing 3–5% of the total protein. Zeins are very resistant to in vitro deamidation, at both acidic and alkaline pH, at high temperatures, and for rather prolonged times. On the basis of the zein content in acidic and basic amino acids, and of the respective pI's exhibited in IEF (mostly in the pH range 7–8) it has been calculated that at least 90% of the glutamic and aspartic acids (≈52 residues out of a total of ≈ 190) are present as asparagine and glutamine. Amino acid analysis of zein fractions isolated by preparative IEF has demonstrated changes in the composition of 18 amino acid residues. However, since these changes affect only neutral and hydrophobic residues, it is concluded that the observed zein heterogeneity is partly based on in vivo deamidation of glutamine and asparagine and partly to spot mutations in some of the genes responsible for zein synthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00396186
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genes for zein subunits on maize chromosone 4 (1982)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 20 (1982), S. 1027-1038 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: Zea mays L. ; zein proteins ; chromosomal locations of zein loci ; chromosome evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract This paper maps nine genes coding for zein subunits on maize chromosome 4. Six of them (Zp6h, Zp10, Zp14, Zp15, Zp22) encode for subunits with a molecular weight of 22 Kd (kilodaltons), while three (Zp27, Zp28, Zp30) code 20-kd subunits. The six 22-kd related genes are not contiguous but are scattered on both chromosome arms, whereas Zp27, Zp28, and Zp30 are more tightly linked in the chromosome short arm in a segment 5 crossover units long. The organization of zein genes on chromosome 4 shows a close analogy with that of zein loci on chromosome 7. This suggests that both maize chromosomes evolved by duplication of short segments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00498930
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mucronate, Mc, a dominant gene of maize which interacts with opaque-2 to suppress zein synthesis (1983)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 65 (1983), S. 123-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Maize endosperm ; Zein ; High-lysine genes ; Storage proteins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary This paper describes a new dominant mutation of maize, Mc, which interferes in the endosperm with the synthesis of storage proteins. The mutant is characterized by an opaque phenotype; it reduces the deposition of zein and it increases the level of methionine. The mutation is specifically related to storage protein synthesis since soluble and insoluble carbohydrates are present at normal levels. The main interest of this mutant lies in its synergistic interaction with opaque-2 in repressing zein synthesis. In the double mutant o2Mc the accumulation of zein is reduced to less than 10% of that of the normal endosperm. The control on zein synthesis exerted by the double mutant is at the level of production or stability of translatable zein mRNAs. The double mutant o2Mc germinates well offering the opportunity of using it in biochemical and molecular studies related to storage protein synthesis; the reduced endosperm weight of o2Mc negates its practical utilization in breeding maize for quality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264879
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Linkage relationships between regulatory and structural gene loci involved in zein synthesis in maize (1978)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 52 (1978), S. 263-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Zein synthesis ; Gene regulation ; Opaque-2 ; linkage relationships
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The synthesis of at least 15 zein polypeptides is under the control of regulatory gene loci. One of these, Opaque-2 (chromosome 7, position 16) strongly reduces the zein accumulation without modifying the zein molecular components. The linkage relationship between the regulatory gene 02 and the 5 structural loci (Zp1, Zp2, Zp3, Zp6, Zp12) segregating with sample Mendelian ratios have been studied. Zp1, Zp2, Zp3 are closely linked to each other; moreover this gene cluster is located on chromosome 7 at 5.5 cM from the Opaque-2 locus. The structural loci Zp6 and Zp12 are not linked with each other, with the 02 locus or with Zp1, Zp2, Zp3. From our data it follows that the zein structural genes are located in at least three positions on the maize genome. The scattering in the genome of the genes controlled by the Opaque-2 locus suggests a transacting role for this regulatory element.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303503
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occurrence and behavior of the components of the 02-m(r)-Bg system of maize controlling elements (1984)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 197 (1984), S. 209-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary o2-m(r) is an unstable allele of the O2 locus responding to the regulatory element Bg by somatic reversion. The spontaneous occurrence and the properties of the components of this system of controlling elements have been investigated. The system appears to have some degree of specificity for the O2 locus, because the majority of spontaneous O2 mutations are responsive to Bg. The component at the controlled locus undergoes frequent changes in state, while the Bg element appears more stable. Bg activity was revealed in 11 out of 108 open-pollinated varieties of maize. Most of the newly isolated Bg elements are linked with the O2 locus. The timing of induction of reversion events (which are restricted to mitotic division leading to egg or pollen maturation and to the developing endosperm) appears to correlate with the degree of linkage between Bg and the O2 locus. Germinal reversions of o2-m(r) to wild type give rise with a frequency around 5×10-4 to unstable phenotypes. Some peculiar features of the o2-m(r)-Bg system of controlling elements are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00330965
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic control of a membrane component and zein deposition in maize endosperm (1983)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 192 (1983), S. 316-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary An association is reported between an albuminlike protein (b-70) and the semidominant locus fluory-2 (fl2) which reduces the level of zein polypeptides in the maize endosperm. The protein b-70 is present at low level in wild-type endosperms and derppressed in fl2 endosperms. A correlation between the doses of the fl2 allele and the b-70 level has been found. Moreover a concomitant loss of the regulatory role of fl2 on zein level and on b-70 overproduction is evident when fl2 is genetically associated with o2 and o7, two recessive alleles of other zein regulatory loci. Protein b-70 is located on the membrane of the protein body where zein polypeptides accumulate. The existence of a functional relationship between this protein and the zein-secretory system is suggested or, as an alternative, that b-70 is a type of storage protein different from zeins, repressed in normal endosperms and derepressed by the fl2 allele.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00392168
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of structural and regulatory genes in the development of maize endosperm (1984)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 5 (1984), S. 1-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: maize ; endosperm ; mutants ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020050102
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