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Notes: On the Course of the Intramolecular Diels-Alder-Reaction of Cyclopentadienes with Olefinic SubstituentsThe 1:3 mixture of 4-bromobicyclo [3.2.0]hept-2-en-6-one and -7-one (1/2), available by N-bromosuccinimide bromination of bicyclo [3.2.0]hept-2-en-6-one, reacted rapidly with the organo-magnesium and -zinc reagents 3, 10a, 10b and 10d by cyclobutanone ring opening and bromide ion expulsion to give the 5-substituted cyclopentadienes 5, 12a, 12b/12c, and 12d as non-isolated intermediates. Further transformation occured in situ either by a direct intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction (path a) or by a [1,5]-H-migration prior to the intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction (path b). The intermediate 5 followed only path a to give the bridged norbornene derivative 7, the intermediates 12a, 12b and 12c followed only path b to give the annellated norbornene derivatives 15a, 15b and 15c, respectively, and the intermediate 12d followed both paths to give the bridged 14d and the annellated norbornene derivative 15d (in the ration of about 1.4:1). These observations are discussed in terms of the relative velocities of [1,5]-H-migrations and intramolecular Diels-Alder reactions. The major conclusions are: (1) bridged norbornene derivatives with a six-membered ring C (such as 14d) can be prepared by an intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction from 5-alkenyl-cyclopentadienes 12, as long as the dienophilic double bond is activated by an appropriate substituent (as in 12d); (2) such 5-alkenyl-cyclopentadienes 12 are available from the reaction of the bromo-bicyclo-heptenones 1/2 with suitable C-nucleophiles 10.

Notes: Conversion of Bicyclo [3.2.0]hept-2-en-6-one into Cyclopentadienylacetic Acid DerivativesThe reaction of a mixture of 4exo-bromobicyclo [3.2.0]hept-2-en-6-one (2) and -7-one (3) with O- or N-nucleophiles yielded cyclopentadien-5′-yl-acetates 4a-f or-acetamides 4g-h. Due to their rapid isomerization, the products 4 were not isolated, but some of them were demonstrated spectroscopically or captured in situ with maleimide as 10′-substituted norbornene derivatives 7. The formation of 4 from 2/3 involves a fragmentation of the bond between the carbonyl and the bridge-head C-atom, induced by the attacking nucleophile and the leaving Br-ion and aided by the relief of the four-membered ring strain. Some of the isomerization products of 4, i.e. the cyclopentadiene-1′-yl- and 2′-yl-acetyl derivatives were captured with maleimide as the 1′- and 8′-substituted norbornene-derivatives 8 and 9. Two C-nucleophiles did not induce the fragmentation: sodium acetylacetonate substituted the Br-atom and sodium (diethoxyphosphoryl)ethoxycarbonylmethide condensed with the carbonyl group of 2/3, yielding 11/12 and 13/14, respectively.

Notes: Selected [2+2]-cycloadditions of three alkylvinylketenes 2 to one mono- and seven dialkyl-olefins 3 yielded eleven 2-alkyl-2-vinylcyclobutanones 4 (Tables 1 and 2). Three methods were compared, all involving in situ generation of the ketenes 2 by HCl-elimination from α,β-unsaturated acid chlorides 1; the most effective employed a large excess of olefin 3 and a high reaction temperature. The [2+2]-cycloadditions were fully regio- and stereoselective with respect to the olefin 3, but less so with respect to the ketene 2, so that - where possible - two stereoisomers of 4 resulted, namely A and B, whose configurations were determined from their 1H-NMR, spectra, mechanistic considerations and, in one case, 4f, by chemical correlation with a previously known cycloadduct 8.

Notes: 2-(tert-Butyl)-3,7-dehydrotropone (7-(tert-butyl)bicyclo[3.2.0]hepta-1(7),2,4-trien-6-one; 1) was found to dimerize reversibly to 2A by [2 + 4]-cycloaddition/cycloreversion reaction. The equilibrium lies on the side of the highly strained dimer 2A in the solid state, and on the side of the monomer 1 in solution. The [2 + 4]-reaction is fully perisite-, regio- and stereoselective. Above room temperature, 1 irreversibly formed a decarbonylated dimer 6, probably via the intermediate 9A or 9B, which resulted either from a dimerisation of 1 by [4 + 6]-cycloaddition or from a sigmatropic rearrangement of the originally formed dimer 2A or 2B. Similary, the 6-bromo derivative 14 afforded the corresponding decarbonylated dimer 15. Should the formation of 6 and 15 be due to a primary cycloaddition then that reaction is fully peri-, site- and regioselective. Mild LiAlH4-reduction of 6 and subsequent acetylation yielded the acetate 11, the structure of which was established by an X-ray analysis. More vigorous LiAlH4-treatment also reduced the terminal fulvenoid double bond of 6 and acetylation of the crude product led to the acetated 12 and 13.

Notes: Several oxidative, reductive and C,C-cleavage reactions were performed starting from the three bicyclo[4.2.1]nona-3,7-diene-2-one derivatives 1, 5 and 18. The oxidations were selective and led to the diols 2,8 and 9, and the epoxides 6,9, and 20. The reductions were selective only in the case of 20 21; otherwise they led to mixtures of the alcohols 10 and 11, and of the dienes 14 and 15. The periodate ring cleavages afforded the functionalized cycloheptane derivatives 3, 12, 13 and 16. Configurational assignments were made on the basis of detailed 1H-NMR and X-ray analysis of 20.

Notes: Die Synthese von Stereoisomeren des Arteannuins BWir beschreiben die Synthese von drei rac-Diastereomeren 7A-7C des Sesquiterpenlaktons Arteannuin B (I) auf dem in den Schemata 2 und 3 zusammengefassten Weg. Als Schlüsselstufe für den Aufbau des Ringsystems 6 wurde eine intramolekulare Reformatsky-artige Reaktion verwendet, in der gleichzeitig ein Cyclohexanring und ein α-Methylidenbutyrolaktonring gebildet werden (Schritte 3 und 6). Die Cyclisierung von 5A bzw. 5B oder von 9/10 führte vorwiegend zur cis, cis-Verknüpfung der drei Ringe A/B/C, wie in 6A bzw. 6B. Daneben entstand aus 5B auch das trans, cis-System 6C. Die Verlängerung der Seitenkette in 1A,B unter Ausbildung der für die Reformatsky-artige Reaktion notwendigen Funktionalität (in 5 bzw. 9/10) wurde nach zwei Methoden ausgeführt, welche in den Schritten 1, 2 bzw. 5 beschrieben sind. Die Epoxydierung von 6A, 6B bzw. 6C zu 7A, 7B bzw. 7C (Schritt 4) war vollkommen regio- (an C(7′), C(8′)) und stereospezifisch. Die relative Konfiguration an den Zentren C(1′), C(4′), C(4a′) und C(8a′) der drei Diastereomeren A, B bzw. C von 6 und 7 wurde anhand der 1H-NMR-Spektren abgeleitet.

Notes: Einige 7endo-monosubstituierte Bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-6-one and Bicyclo-[3.2.0]heptan-6-one zeigen eine unerwartete thermodynamische Stabilität gegenüber den entsprechenden 7exo-Isomeren. Die basenkatalysierte Epimerisierung (NaOH oder N(CH2CH3)3) verschiedener 7-monosubstituierter Bicyclo[3.2.0]-hept-2-en-6-one (1-7) und Bicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-6-one (8-10) führt je nach Substituent (R) zu folgenden endo/exo-Gleichgewichtsgemischen: (a) Bicyclo[3.2.0]-hept-2-en-6-one: R = F: 89/11, R = C1: 87/13, R = CH3: 76/24, R = CH2CH3: 65/35, R = CH (CH3)2: 57/43, R= C (CH3)3: 10/90, R= C6H5: 66/34; (b) Bicyclo[3.2.0]-heptan-6-one: R = C1: 85/15, R = CH3: 45/55, R= C (CH3)3: 0,4/99,6. In jedem Fall wurde das gleiche Epimerengemisch erhalten, ausgehend sowohl vom endo- wie auch vom exo-Isomeren.Die bemerkenswerte endo-Stabilität wird einer Bevorzugung der Konformation 11 des Cyclobutanonringes zugeschrieben, verursacht durch geringere Pitzer-Spannung. So kann ein endo-Substituent an C(7) eine pseudoäquatoriale Lage am Cyclobutanonring einnehmen. Bei sehr sperrigen Substituenten mit zunehmender Raumerfüllung nimmt eine 1,2-abstossende Wechselwirkung langsam überhand, bis im Falle des t-Butylsubstituenten die exo-Konfiguration die stabilere wird.Die Dehalogenierung von 7-Halo-substituierten Bicyclo [3.2.0]hept-2-en-6-onen (15 bis 21) mit Zink und Eisessig und mit Tributylzinnhydrid führte zu den folgenden endo/exo-Epimerengemischen der entsprechenden 7-monosubstituierten Bicyclo [3.2.0]hept-2-en-6-one (2 bis 7): R = C1: 92/8, R = CH3: 93/7, R = CH2CH3: 93/7, R = CH(CH3)2: 92/8, R = C(CH3)3: 93/7, R = C6H5: 93/7. In allen Fällen, also unabhängig vom Substituenten R, war das endo-isomere stark bevorzugt. Es muss sich also um eine kinetische Kontrolle im isomerenbestimmenden Schritt handeln: Die Reduktion verläft über das Enolat, bzw. über eine Radikalspezies mit trigonal-planarer Anordnung am C(7), so dass die (irreversible) Wasserstoff-Anlagerung von der weniger behinderten Site, der exo-Seite her erfolgt.

Notes: Säurekatalysierte Umlagerungen von Vinylketen/Cyciopentadien-AdduktenVier Alkyl-vinylketene (7b-e), in situ durch 1,4-Eleminierung von HCl aus den entsprechenden α,β-ungesättigten Acylchloriden hergestellt, wurden mit Cyclopen-tadien umgesetzt. Durch [2 + 2]-Cycloaddition entstanden 7-alkyl-7-vinylsubstituierte Bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-6-one 8/9. Das Stereoisomerenverhältnis 8:9 hängt von der relativen Grösse der Ketensubstituenten ab. Die Vinylketen/Cyclopen-tadien-Addukte 8/9 enthalten ein α-Vinylcyclobutanon-, ein Cope- und (bei 8f) ein Allylchlorid-System. Unter dem Einfluss von Säuren (meistens BF3-Ätherat) wurden bei 8/9 vier verschiedene Typen von Umlagerungsreaktionen beobachtet, nämlich, je nach dem Substitutionsmuster: [l,3]-Alkyl-Wanderungzu Bicyclo[4.3.0]-nonadienonen 12, [l,2]-Acyl-Wanderung zu Bicyclo[3.3.0]octenonen 13, [3,3]-Cope-Umlagerung zu Bicyclo[4.2.1]nonadienonen 14 oder [l,3]-Halogen-Wanderung zu 7-AlkylidenbicycIo[3.2.0]heptenonen 15. Die [l,3]-Alkyl- und [l,2]-Acyl-Wanderun-gen konkurrieren mit der Cope-Umlagerung, wobei auch die Konfiguration an C(7) der Vinylketen/Cyclopentadien-Addukte (8 bzw. 9) und das Lösungsmittel eine Rolle spielen können.

Notes: A meta-Xylylene by Bamford-Stevens Reaction of a Fulvene-Ketene-AdductHeating the sodium salt 8 of the tosylhydrazone 4 of 4-isopropyliden-7,7-dimethylbicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-6-one (3; obtained by the addition of dimethylketene to 6,6-dimethylfulvene (1)), in diglyme at 130° led to the cotamethyl-[2.2]metacyclophane 10 (17%). The latter probably was formed by dimerization of the non-Kékulé molecule m-xylylene 14, which, in turn, could have arisen via the homofulvene 13 from the carbene 12. A second product in the thermolysis of 8 was the tricycle 9 (9 %), as a result of an intramolecular insertion of the carbene C-atom in 12 into a methyl C,H-bond. Further products were the azines 11a, 11b (50%), of the type known as byproducts in Bamford-Stevens reactions. Heating dry 8 afforded 9 (9%) and the two benzene derivatives 15 (9%) and 16 (3%). The tosylhydrazone 4 could be recovered by reaction of 11a, 11b with p-toluenesulfonohydrazide.

Notes: Oxidative Aryl-Aryl-Coupling of 6,6′,7,7′-Tetramethoxy-1,1′,2,2′,3,3′,4,4′-octahydro-1,1′-biisoquinoline DerivativesWe describe the synthesis of 2 by intramolecular oxidative coupling of 1, 1′-biisoquinoline derivatives 1 (Scheme 1). This heterocyclic system can be considered as a union of two apomorphine molecules and may thus exhibit dopaminergic activity. - The readily available tetrahydrobiisoquinoline 6 was methylated to 11 (Scheme 4) and reduced (with NaBH3CN) to rac-7 and (catalytically) to meso-7 (Scheme 3). Reduction of 11 with NaBH4 and of the biurethane rac-9 with LiAlH4/AlCl3 afforded meso- and rac-10, respectively (Scheme 4). Demethylation of 6, meso-10, meso- and rac-7 led to 12, meso-14, meso- and rac-13, respectively (Scheme 5). The latter two phenols were converted with chloroformic ester to the hexaethoxycarbonyl derivatives meso- and rac-15 and subsequently saponified to the biurethanes meso- and rac-16, respectively (Scheme 5). - In order to assure proximity of the two aromatic rings, the ethano-bridged derivatives meso- and rac-18 were prepared by condensing meso- and rac-7 with oxalic ester and reducing the oxalyl derivatives meso- and rac-17 with LiAlH4/AlCl3, respectively (Scheme 6). The 1H-NMR, spectra at different temperatures showed that rac-18 populated two conformers but rac-17 only one, all with C2-symmetry, and that meso-17 as well as meso-18 populated two enantiomeric conformers with C1-symmetry. Whereas both oxalyl derivatives 17 were fairly rigid due to the two amide groupings, the ethano derivatives 18 exhibited coalescence temperatures of -20 and 30°. - The intramolecular coupling of the two aromatic rings was successful under ‘non-phenolic oxidative’ conditions with the tetramethoxy derivatives 7, 10 and 18, the rac-isomers leading to the desired dibenzophenanthrolines, the meso-isomers, however, mostly to dienones (Scheme 9): With VOF3 and FSO3H in CF3COOH/CH2Cl2 rac-7 was converted to rac-19, rac-18 to rac-21 and rac-10 to a mixture of rac-20 and the dienone 23b of the morphinane type. Under the same conditions meso-10 was transformed to the dienone 23a of the morphinane type, whereas meso-18 yielded the dienone 24 of the neospirine type, both in lower yields. The analysis of the spectral data of the six coupling products offers evidence for their structures. With the demethylation of rac-20 and rac-21 to rac-25 and rac-26, respectively, the synthetic goal of the work was reached, but only in the rac-series (Scheme 10). - In the course of this work two cleavages of octahydro-1,1′-biisoquinolines at the C(1), C(1′)-bond were observed: (1) The biurethanes 9 and 16 in both the meso- and rac-series reacted with oxygen in CF3COOH solution to give the 3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium salts 27 and 28; the latter was deprotonated to the quinomethide 30 (Scheme 11). (2) Under the Clarke-Eschweiler reductive-methylation conditions meso- and rac-7 were cleaved to the tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative 32.