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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Triphosphopyridine Nucleotide (TPN) Diaphorase and TPN-dependent Dehydrogenase Activity of Reactive Macrophages in Tissue Necrosis (1962)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 193 (1962), S. 895-895 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] 30 adult Wistar rats, weighing 150-200 gm., were used. Circumscribed necrotic lesions were produced in the cerebral cortex by the application of dry ice to the intact skull for 90 sec., and in the skeletal muscle and spleen by its application to the exposed tissues for 30 sec. Cerebral lesions were ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/193895a0
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (1984)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 62 (1984), S. 185-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma ; GFA protein ; NF protein ; Neuron-specific enolase ; Immunoperoxidase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twenty-two cases of subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SGCA), five of which associated with tuberous sclerosis, were reviewed by conventional neurohistological stains and by peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) immunohistochemistry for glial fibrillary acidic (GFA) protein, the 68 Kd neurofilament subunit (68 Kd-NF), and neuron-specific enolase (NSE). Neurohistological stains confirmed the presence of PTAH-positive fibrils and the absence of Nissl bodies and of neurites originating from the tumor cells. GFA protein-positive cells were present in all tumors not associated with tuberous sclerosis. However, the number of positive cells in each tumor was highly variable. GFA protein-positive cells were rare in the two SGCA accompanying tuberous sclerosis and absent in the remaining three. Neurohistological stains showed no differences between GFA protein-positive and negative cells. 68 Kd-NF-positive cells were found in six tumors. In one tumor, associated with tuberous sclerosis, it was present in the large ganglion-like cells only. NSE-positive cells were found in 13 of 18 tumors examined, including four of the five SGCA associated with tuberous sclerosis. The significance of NSE-positivity in central neuroepithelial neoplasms in respect of their possible neuronal origin remains open. This study suggests that the SGCA, especially those associated with tuberous sclerosis, include cells that are apparently unable to express GFA protein. Some of the tumor cells express the 68 Kd-NF, but this expression falls short of the complete expression of neuronal differentiation. The unique morphological appearances of the SGCA and the discrepancies reported in electron-microscopic and immunohistochemical studies suggest that the cell of origin of these tumors is the product of a dysgenetic event in early development. As a result, the potential of that cell for astrocytic or neuronal differentiation may be incompletely or aberrantly expressed, in particular when the stigmata of tuberous sclerosis are also present. No evidence of obvious ganglionic differentiation and no inference of a neuronal origin of the tumor cells in SGCA could be adduced from the present histochemical findings. This study supports the general interpretation of these tumors as a variant of astrocytoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691851
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The kinetics of human glioblastomas maintained in an organ culture system (1983)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 61 (1983), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Glioblastomas ; Organ culture method ; Autoradiography ; Kinetics ; Growth fraction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Five human glioblastomas maintained in an organ culture system were studied by autoradiography to determine, after 8 days in vitro, the growth fraction (GF) of the explants, their total cell cycle time (T C) and cell cycle phase durations (T S,T G1,T G2 andT M), and their potential doubling time (T pot) after pulse-labeling with [3H] TdR for 1 h. These parameters were derived from computer analysis of fraction of labeled mitoses (FLM) curves. The results fell into two groups. In two tumors, the cultures had a GF of 0.25 and 0.23. From the FLM curves were derived aT C of 89 and 83 h, aT S of 16.5 and 9.5 h, and aT G1 of 60 and 61 h.T M was estimated at 0.9 and 0.6 h, andT G2 12h. TheT pot was 12 days. These values approximate those reported for glioblastomas and other human malignancies in vivo. The explants of three other glioblastomas gave different FLM curves: the derivedT S were increased to 36 and 55 h, estimatedT M ranged from 2.4 to 4.5 h, andT G2 ranged from 11 to 20 h.T C andT G1 could not be estimated. In two tumors the GF was reduced to 0.12 and 0.11, with aT pot of respectively 52 and 39 days. These values are comparable to those reported for astrocytomas of intermediate malignancy. In the third tumor, the GF was only 0.014. The reduction in GF and the lengthening of cell cycle components in this group of explants are similar to the kinetic changes reported in some in vivo tumors and three-dimensional in vitro systems that have reached a plateau stage of growth. They are probably related to the greater opportunities for cell-to-cell contacts and the resulting increased differentiation favored by the organ culture technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688379
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glial fibrillary acidic protein in stromal cells of some capillary hemangioblastomas: Significance and possible implications of an immunoperoxidase study (1981)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 54 (1981), S. 173-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Hemangioblastoma ; Stromal cells ; GFA protein ; Immunoperoxidase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thirty-nine hemangioblastomas from 26 patients were studied by the immunoperoxidase method for GFA protein. Reactive gliosis in the form of trapped GFA protein-positive astrocytes or astrocytic cell processes penetrated the margins of all the neuraxial tumors and none of those occurring on nerve roots or in the tumor explants maintained in an organ culture system. Gliosis was especially prominent in tumors recurring after surgical excision or in patients with a long history of tumor. In six tumors, representing both the reticular and the cellular variants of hemangioblastoma, GFA protein-positive stromal cells were also found, chiefly in the periphery of the neoplasm: all these tumors were surrounded by dense reactive gliosis. Four hypotheses accounting for the presence of GFA protein-positive stromal cells are considered: (1) The tumors are astrocytomas. (2) The GFA protein-positive cells are not neoplastic but lipidized or altered reactive astrocytes. (3) The tumors are mixed and partly composed of neoplastic astrocytes. (4) The stromal cells are capable of taking up extracellular GFA protein derived from the adjacent reactive astrocytes. The last of these hypotheses is the most consistent with the collective evidence derived from the histological findings. It implies that the presence of GFA protein in the cytoplasm of a cell does not necessarily establish that the cell is glial. The possibility of uptake of GFA protein by non-glial cells must be considered if dense gliosis is present in the vicinity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687739
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunologic Recognition of cell surface antigens in normal mouse neural tissues and in neuroepithelial cells of the OTT-6050 mouse teratoma (1982)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 56 (1982), S. 214-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Neural cell surface antigens ; Neural differentiation ; Mouse teratoma ; Radioimmune assay ; Immunoperoxidase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A rabbit antiserum against mouse neonatal brain cell surface membranes labeled by immunoperoxidase (PAP) the cells of the central and peripheral nervous systems of adult and neonatal mice and their processes, as well as the differentiating neuroepithelial cells of three OTT-6050 mouse teratoma-derived tumors. Indirect immunofluorescence on living 14-day-old monolayer cultures of neonatal mouse brain demonstrated reaction of the immune serum with external surface membrane antigens of neuroblasts and of primitive and mature glial cells. Radioimmune assays (RIA) showed almost complete loss of antiserum binding to neonatal mouse brain plasma membranes after absorption with adult or neonatal mouse brain membranes, and no loss of binding after absorption by liver, spleen, kidney, and heart membranes. Cross-reactivity of the immune serum to several non-neural cell types was demonstrated by immunoperoxidase on sperm and sperm-precursors, on moderate numbers of epithelial cells in the medulla of adult mouse thymus, and, in the neonate, on a range of mesenchymal cells. This cross-reactivity was reflected in the RIA by a moderate reduction of immune serum binding to neonatal mouse brain plasma membranes after absorption with testis pellets and with thymus membranes. PAP staining showed loss of crossreactivity after testis or thymus absorption, without climination of neural cell recognition. Absorption with adult or neonatal mouse brain eliminated cross-reactivity. In the teratoma-derived tumors, absorption of the antiserum with testis or thymus eliminated or markedly reduced the PAP staining of primitive neuroepithelial cells, and only moderately reduced, but did not remove, that of neural cells in the mature neuropil. Among the proteins of neonatal mouse brain plasma membranes separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, there were six distinct bands indicating major proteins ranging from 26,000–54,000 daltons. Autoradiography of the antigen-antibody complexes with125I protein A on the same gels demonstrated three discrete bands of activity at 10,000–12,000, 76,000, and 97,000 daltons, and one greater than 130,000 daltons, suggesting that the immune serum recognizes only minor protein components of the mouse brain plasma membranes. The application of the PAP method to the recognition of neural cell surface antigens considerably enhances the potential of this antiserum as a tool for the early identification of primitive neural cells in the experimental mouse teratoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690638
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Focal ependymal differentiation in choroid plexus papillomas (1981)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 53 (1981), S. 29-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Choroid plexus papilloma ; GFA protein ; Immunoperoxidase ; Ependymal differentiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Choroid plexus papillomas are usually easily distinguishable from papillary ependymomas by their delicate fibrovascular stroma and their cytologic similarity to normal choroid plexus epithelium. Exceptionally, however, examples are met which give rise to diagnostic difficulty. We therefore tested 22 choroid plexus papillomas for the presence of glial fibrillary acidic (GFA) protein using the immunoperoxidase technique. Positivity for the protein was found focally in epithelial tumor cells in nine of the 22 papillomas. All were in adults ranging from 19–66 years of age. Eight of the nine tumors originated in the 4th ventricle or from one of its lateral recesses. In six papillomas showing GFA protein in the cells, intracellular fibrils were found in a small number of elongated epithelial cells with the PTAH and/or Masson trichrome stains; in all these six cases, the GFA protein-positive cells were considerably more numerous than cells containing fibrils. Normal choroid plexus epithelium lacks GFA protein, but pathologically altered ependymal cells are often GFA protein-positive. Our findings therefore suggest that focal divergent glial (presumably ependymal) differentiation may be expressed in neoplastic choroid plexus epithelium, consistent with the origin of this epithelium from primitive neuroepithelial (ventricular) cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697181
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