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  • 1980-1984  (3)
  • 1955-1959
  • Hyperthyroidism  (2)
  • Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thyroid hormone action on intermediary metabolism (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 62 (1984), S. 97-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Thyroid Hormones ; Hypothyroidism ; Hyperthyroidism ; Protein metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In their physiological concentrations, thyroid hormones stimulate the synthesis as well as the degradation of proteins, whereas in supraphysiological doses protein catabolism predominates. In hyperthyroidism skeletal muscle protein stores suffer depletion which is reflected by an increased urinary N- and methylhistidine -excretion. Due to the enhanced skeletal muscle amino acid release, the plasma concentration of glucoplastic amino acids are often enhanced, contributing by means of an elevated substrate supply to the increased hepatic gluconeogenesis. Thyroid hormone excess induces cardiac hypertrophy which is in direct contrast to the hypotroph skeletal muscle in hyperthyroid patients. Thyroid hormones stimulate a series of intracellular and secretory proteins in the liver, although in hyperthyroid liver alcohol dehydrogenase and the enzymes of histidine and tryptophan metabolism show reduced activities. The stimulatory effect is due to thyroid hormone-induced increase in the protein synthesis at a pretranslational level and is supported experimentally for malic enzyme, α2u-globulin and albumin by the measurement of their specific messenger RNA activities. Thyroid hormone action at the cellular level is reflected by a generalized increase in total cellular RNA with a selective increase or decrease in a small population of specific mRNA. The activities of protein catabolizing lysosomal enzymes are stimulated by thyroid hormones; up to now effects of T3 on the degradation of specific enzymes have not been reported. Serum total protein concentration is slightly reduced or even unchanged in hyperthyroidism. The thyroid hormone-induced increase in the turnover of total body protein is part of the hypermetabolism observed in hyperthyroidism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01738699
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Ein in vitro-Test für die Sarkoidose-Diagnostik (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 58 (1980), S. 195-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Angiotensin converting enzyme ; Sarcoidosis ; Granulomatous diseases ; Clinical diagnosis ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme ; Sarkoidose ; Granulomatosen ; klinische Diagnostik
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 50 Patienten mit Sarkoidose (39 mit aktiver, 11 mit inaktiver Sarkoidose) wurde das Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) im Serum bestimmt. Die Gruppe der Kontrollpatienten umfaßte 50 Personen (34 mit chronischen Lungenerkrankungen, 9 mit Morbus Hodgkin, 7 mit chronischer Polyarthritis). Der Unterschied der Mittelwerte der ACE-Aktivität war zwischen Sarkoidosepatienten (28,6±11,4) und Kontrollpatienten (14,8±4) hochsignifikant (p〈0,001). Ebenso fand sich ein deutlicher Unterschied zwischen Patienten mit aktiver (32,8±11) und inaktiver Sarkoidose (21,9±5,1) mit einemp〈0,001. Corticosteroide senken die ACE-Aktivität bei Sarkoidosepatienten deutlich, ohne daß dies als Hinweis für eine Besserung der Sarkoidose gewertet werden kann. Die gesteigerte ACE-Aktivität bei anderen epitheloidzelligen Granulomatosen (biliäre Zirrhose, Morbus Gaucher, Lepra, Asbestose) repräsentiert möglicherweise einen mit der Sarkoidose gemeinsamen pathophysiologischen Mechanismus.
    Notes: Summary Serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) was studied in 50 patients with sarcoidosis (39 active, 11 inactive) as well as in 50 control patients (34 with chronic nonspecific lung disease, 9 with Hodgkin and 7 with rheumatoid arthritis). There was a significant difference of ACE activity between sarcoidosis patients (28.6±11.4) and controls (14.8±4), and also between active (32.8±11) and inactive (21.9±5.1) sarcoidosis (p〈0.001). Coricosteroid treatment seems to lower ACE activity in patients with sarcoidosis without offering a clue for clinical improvement. Increased ACE activity in other granulomatous disorders is being discussed. ACE activity thus proves to be a valuable test especially in differentiating active from inactive sarcoidosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01476778
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thyroid hormone action on intermediary metabolism (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 62 (1984), S. 49-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Thyroid hormones ; Hypothyroidism ; Hyperthyroidism ; Lipid metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Despite their enhanced endogenous de novo cholesterol synthesis, hyperthyroid patients exhibit decreased total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels in the serum because of a concomitant increase in LDL catabolism, cholesterol excretion by bile and a reduced enterohepatic bile acid circulation. Hypothyroidism exhibits a reduction (1) in the synthesis of cholesterol and (2) in LDL catabolism, whereas cholesterol reabsorption is unchanged or even enhanced. In addition, obese hypothyroid patients showed an increased cholesterol synthesis which is independent of thyroid hormones and which contributes to the observed LDL cholesterolaemia. Thyroid hormones per se have only a minor influence on plasma triglyceride (TG) levels, but they induce an acceleration of TG turnover and chylomicron clearance rate. In addition, the hepatic lipogenic capacity is increased in hyperthyroidism and reduced in hypothyroidism. However, hepatic total and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglyceride output is decreased by thyroid hormones due to a reduced re-esterification and a simultaneously increased oxidation of newly synthesized fatty acids. Hypothyroid livers, by contrast, reveal an increased VLDL secretion. Despite their reduced lipogenesis, obese hypothyroidism is often accompanied by a hypertriglyceridaemia type III. The simultaneous stimulation of the synthesis of fatty acids, which are still in part converted to TG, and the degradation of TG contributes to the enhanced thermogenesis in hyperthyroid patients. The concentration and turnover of free fatty acids (FFA) are increased in hyperthyroidism, resulting from a thyroid hormone-induced increase in: (1) lipolysis, explained by an increased adipose tissue sensitivity for lipolytic hormones; and (2) oxidation of fatty acids to CO2 as well as to ketone bodies (KB). Accordingly, hyperthyroid patients often show ketonaemia. Hypothyroidism does not significantly affect the serum concentrations of FFA and KB.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01769663
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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