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Near-infrared spectra of water and aqueous electrolyte solutions at high pressures (1984)

Inoue, A. ; Kojima, K. ; Taniguchi, Y. ; [et al.]

Springer

Journal of solution chemistry 13 (1984), S. 811-823

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ISSN: 1572-8927

Keywords: High pressure ; near-infrared spectra ; water ; aqueous electrolyte solutions

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology

Notes: Abstract The near-infrared spectra (9500 to 11000 cm−1) of pure water and aqueous solutions of alkali halides, MgCl2, NaClO4, and R4NBr were measured at temperatures between 10 and 55°C and pressures up to 500 MPa. From the analysis of the absorption spectra the following conclusions are drawn. (1) The ice I-like open structure is destroyed and the packed structure is formed as the pressure is increased. (2) The open structure of water is destroyed by the addition of alkali halides and MgCl2 and water molecules are restricted around the ions by ion-dipole interactions. This results in a loosening of the O−H bond. (3) The perchlorate ion destroys the open structure of water and the ion-dipole interaction with water is insignificant. (4) The Bu4N+ ion forms water structure around the ion similar to that of the clathrate open structure.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00647696

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Iodinated polystyrene: An ion-millable negative resist (1980)

Shiraishi, H. ; Taniguchi, Y. ; Horigome, S. ; [et al.]

Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

Polymer Engineering and Science 20 (1980), S. 1054-1057

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ISSN: 0032-3888

Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics

Notes: Iodinated polystyrene (IPS) is obtained by direct iodination of polystyrene and its lithographic characteristics are investigated. The sensitivity of the polymer to electron beams is increased as the result of iodination by a factor of about 10 and reaches 1 μC/cm2. Coated IPS films are very stable and no changes in exposure characteristics are observed even after pre-baking at 220°C for 10 min. It is found that crosslinking does not proceed in a vacuum after electron beam exposure. The milling rate of IPS under Ar+ bombardment is measured to be 0.25 nm/s. This is lower than that of poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethyl acrylate) (0.67 nm/s) and that of permalloy (0.42 nm/s), both obtained under the same conditions. The mechanism of sensitization by iodination is discussed.

Additional Material: 7 Ill.