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  • 1980-1984  (7)
  • Torpedo marmorata  (4)
  • insulin structure-function  (2)
  • Salt tolerance
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solute distribution in Suaeda maritima (1983)
    Springer
    Planta 157 (1983), S. 344-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Glycinebetaine ; Ion, inorganic (distribution) ; Salt tolerance ; Shoot (solutes) ; Solute distribution ; Suaeda
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The distribution of sodium, potassium and glycinebetaine in shoot tissues of salt-treated Suaeda maritima was examined by semi-micro techniques after extraction into toluene-water. Much higher K/Na ratios were observed in the apical regions and in axillary buds than in more mature, fully vacuolated tissues. The younger tissues also contained very high levels of glycinebetaine. Electron-probe X-ray microanalysis of bulkfrozen and fractured preparations showed higher K/Na ratios and higher levels of sulphur and phosphorus in the cytoplasm of leaf primordial cells than in vacuoles of either young or old leaves, although the total counts were higher in the vacuolar samples. The results are discussed in relation to current models of subcellular solute compartmentation and salt tolerance in the Chenopodiaceae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00397406
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanism of action of insulin and insulin analogues (1981)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 20 (1981), S. 94-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Chemically modified insulins ; gluconeogenesis ; glucose turnover ; insulin structure-function ; proinsulin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A [14C]-glucose tracer infusion method was used to compare the effects of insulin infusion on glucose metabolism with the effects of infusion of three semisynthetic modified insulins and of proinsulin. Insulin produced hypoglycaemia in the anaesthetised dog by decreasing hepatic glucose production and increasing peripheral glucose utilisation. Compensatory antihypoglycaemic mechanisms eventually modified these responses. A1 B29-Diacetyl insulin exerted an hypoglycaemic effect entirely by stimulation of peripheral glucose uptake. A1-B29 crosslinked insulins and proinsulin produced hypoglycaemia almost entirely by decreasing hepatic glucose production and had little effect on tissue uptake. These observations suggest that insulin analogues may have actions in vivo that are qualitatively different from those of native insulin and suggest that certain analogues have a predominant action on the liver. This has important therapeutic implications concerning the development of semisynthetic insulins for clinical use.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00262008
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Covalently-linked insulin dimers: their metabolism and biological effects in vivo as partial competitive antagonists of insulin clearance (1984)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 27 (1984), S. 27-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Chemically-modified insulins ; insulin structure-function ; bioactivity and metabolism in vivo ; competitive antagonism ; hypoglycaemia ; non-esterified fatty acids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The biological properties of three covalently-linked insulin dimers were studied in greyhounds. Constant infusions showed that the plasma distribution kinetics were slower for the dimers than for insulin. The metabolic clearance rates of the three dimers (10.3±0.4, 8.8±0.5, 8.2±0.5 ml· min-1· kg-1; mean ± SEM) were significantly lower than that of insulin (19±0.8 ml · min-1 · kg-1), and their hypoglycaemic effects (11.2%, 3% and 0.3%) were markedly reduced compared with their lipogenic potencies in vitro (80%, 30% and 13%, respectively). A low dose infusion of insulin or an equipotent dose of one of the dimers significantly prolonged the effects of an insulin bolus on plasma glucose but not on non-esterified fatty acids. The apparent distribution space (106.4±11.9 ml/kg) and clearance rate (14.7±0.5 ml · min-1 · kg-1) of an insulin bolus were significantly reduced by one dimer (44.5±8.4 ml/ kg and 10.7±2.8ml·min-1·kg-1) but not by the equipotent insulin infusion (102.7±8.2ml/kg and 16.4±0.07ml· min-1 · kg-1). The apparent partial competitive antagonism of insulin by the dimers that has been reported in vitro can be observed in vivo, in that antagonism of insulin metabolism was directly demonstrated with one of the dimers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00253497
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Further evidence that glycosaminoglycan specific to cholinergic synaptic vesicles recycles during electrical stimulation of the electric organ of Torpedo marmorata (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 224 (1982), S. 685-688 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Vesicle recycling ; Immunohistochemistry ; Glycosaminoglycan ; Electrical stimulation ; Torpedo marmorata
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Semiquantitative immunohistochemical methods were used to demonstrate that at least some of the glycosaminoglycan contained within cholinergic synaptic vesicles is recycled during successive electrical stimulations of the electric organ of Torpedo marmorata.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213763
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An antiserum to cholinergic synaptic vesicles fromTorpedo recognizes nerve terminals in retinas from a variety of species (1982)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular neurobiology 2 (1982), S. 157-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6830
    Keywords: Torpedo marmorata ; rat ; ox ; frog ; synaptic vesicles ; antiserum ; retina ; cholinergic nerve terminals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 1. An antiserum to cholinergic synaptic vesicles fromTorpedo marmorata which recognizes the heparan-like glycosaminoglycan present in these vesicles and reacts specifically with peripheral and presumed central cholinergic nerve terminals in mammalian species has been tested with retinas from a variety of species. 2. The antiserum recognizes specific sites in the inner and outer plexiform layers of retinas of rat, ox and frog. 3. The distribution is similar to that reported forα-bungarotoxin, a reagent specific for acetylcholine receptors. 4. Immunoreactive material was absent from retinal cell bodies. 5. Its appearance in development in the two layers coincided with the appearance of synapses in these layers. 6. We conclude that the antigenic sites responding to the anti-vesicle anti-serum are associated with the cholinergic endings in the retina.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00711080
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical localization of cholinergic nerve terminals (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 218 (1981), S. 355-373 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Cholinergic nerve terminals ; Presynaptic plasma membrane ; Indirect immunofluorescence histochemistry ; Torpedo marmorata ; Mammals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Most of the published light-microscopic methods for the localization of cholinergic nerve pathways present various difficulties of interpretation. The production and characterization of an antiserum that binds specifically to cholinergic terminals is described. The antiserum was raised to small synaptosomes prepared from the purely cholinergic electric organ of Torpedo marmorata. It was shown to lyse cholinergic synaptosomes in a mixed population derived from guinea-pig cortex. After partial purification by adsorption onto nonspecific antigens, it was used to label nerve endings in several tissues of Torpedo, rats and guinea pigs using indirect immunofluorescence histochemistry. The antiserum appears to provide a highly specific means of localizing cholinergic nerve endings in these tissues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210350
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical localization of a synaptic-vesicle antigen in a cholinergic neuron under conditions of stimulation and rest (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 223 (1982), S. 117-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Cholinergic vesicle antigen ; Axonal transport ; Exo/endocytosis ; Indirect immunofluorescence histochemistry ; Torpedo marmorata
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An antiserum against a specific component (a glycosamino glycan) of the cholinergic synaptic-vesicle of Torpedo marmorata has been used to investigate the localization of the component in the cell body, its movement within the electromotor axon and its fate within the nerve terminal upon electrical stimulation. After immunofluorescent staining, spots are observed throughout the cytoplasm of the lobe perikarya, although they are concentrated in the region of the axon hillock. Ligation of the electromotor nerves leading from the lobe to electric organ produces a proximal build-up of material which stains readily with the antivesicle antiserum, indicating that the vesicle antigen is transported from the cell body to the nerve terminal. A marked increase in indirect immunofluorescent staining of the electric organ is observed in the nerve ending upon electrical stimulation. We interpret this result as fusion of the vesicles with the presynaptic plasma membrane and exteriorization of the vesicle antigen to the extracellular space, thereby facilitating its staining. After recovery of the system the fluorescence declines, a result that is consistent with the reinternalization of the vesicle antigen into the core of reformed vesicles. The results support a mechanism whereby vesicles recycle within the nerve terminal and transmitter is released by exocytosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221503
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