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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization and activity of nickel oxide supported on .gamma.-alumina (1982)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial and engineering chemistry 21 (1982), S. 457-463 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/i100008a025
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscope observations of fibrillar-to-lamellar transformations in melt-drawn polymers (1984)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 262 (1984), S. 217-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Polybutene-1 ; fibrillar crystals ; lamellar crystals ; morphology transition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Electron-transmissible polybutene-1 films were produced by drawing from an already thin molten film on a microscope slide. The films exhibitab initio a microstructure composed of fine fibrils of the stable (hexagonal) phase. Films from various stages of heat-treatment in air were examined in the transmission electron microscope. Two types of microstructural charge were seen. In one, crystallites appearing within the fibrils gradually order themselves to lie in rows normal to the chain (fiber) axis. The laterally aligned crystallites do not merge to form crystallographically homogeneous lamellae. In the other observed process, patches of fully lamellar metastable phase crystals form. These lamellae are oriented normal to the surface and grow both parallel and normal to the surface. These crystals grow by the incorporation of relaxed chains and require substantial molecular diffusion. It is suggested that entanglements or other physical pinning of the long molecules used here inhibit the full lamellarization of the intrafibrillar crystallites and cause the system to transform by means which utilize the chains which are most easily disengaged and transported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01458964
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transmission electron microscope observations of fibrillar-to-lamellar transformations in melt-drawn polymers — I. Isotactic polypropylene (1984)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 262 (1984), S. 294-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Polypropylene ; Fibrillar Crystals ; Lamellar Crystals ; Morphology ; Transition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The transformation during heat treatment from a fibrillar to a lamellar morphology in highly oriented polypropylene is followed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small angle electron scattering (SAES). While the as drawn films exhibit long (up to 1μm) continuous fibrillar crystals, those crystals disintegrate into short crystalline blocks which finally aggregate into a lamellar morphology during the heat treatment. After even longer heat treatment the lamellar crystals start to thicken.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01410467
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wachstumsdefekte in polymeren Nadelkristallen (1981)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 259 (1981), S. 241-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Polystyrol ; Nadelkristalle ; Gitterdefekte
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Lattice defects in polymeric needle crystals (shish) were investigated. The length of the crystals depends on preparation conditions and may vary between 0.1μm and severalμm. Density fluctuations exist along the individual needle crystals. The wave length of the fluctuation is controlled by the chemical nature of the polymer and its amplitude by preparation and annealing conditions. The wave length of the density fluctuations may vary from 90 Å to 300 Å. Needle crystals from isotactic polystyrene additionally exhibit (001) grain boundaries. The orientation relationship of adjacent grains along a needle corresponds to a 180° rotation of the lattice around the molecule axes. The molecular nature of that grain boundary is discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Gitterdefekte in polymeren Nadelkristallen (shish) werden untersucht. Die Länge eines Nadelkristalles kann je nach Herstellungsart.zwischen 0.1μm und mehrerenμm variieren. In den einzelnen Nadelkristallen bilden sich längs der Nadelrichtung Dichteschwankungen aus. Die Schwankungslängen hängen in der Hauptsache von der Polymerart ab, während die Amplituden der Schwankung von der thermischen Vorgeschichte abhängen. Die Schwankungslängen sind zwischen 90 Å und 300 Å. In Nadelkristallen aus isotaktischem Polystyrol sind zusätzlich (001)-Korngrenzen vorhanden. Die Orientierung beider Kristallgitter entspricht einer Rotation von 180° um die Molekülachse. Ursachen für diesen Typ von Korngren zen werden diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01381767
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fracture behaviour of collimated thermoplastic poly(ethylene terephthalate) reinforced with short E-glass fibre (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 18 (1983), S. 2029-2046 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The fracture behaviour of thermoplastic poly(ethylene terephthalate) reinforced with short E-glass fibre was investigated using fractography and a fracture mechanics approach. The observed microstructures, crack propagation and the stress-rupture lifetime data indicate a sudden breakdown induced by far-field effectS. The critical damage appears to be correlated with a ductile-to-brittle transition of matrix fracture. The calculation of fracture toughness for various fibre orientations indicates that the fibre pull-out energy is the dominant term in the case in which the fibre orientation is perpendicular to the notch tip.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00554996
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Small-angle X-ray scattering from polybutene-1 films crystallized from a highly extended melt (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 16 (1981), S. 265-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00552082
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemically-assisted fracture of thermoplastic PET reinforced with short E-glass fibre (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 18 (1983), S. 2923-2938 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The study of the stress-rupture lifetime of a PET/glass fibre system by means of fracture mechanics methods indicates the degradation of lifetime under an aggressive environment (10% HCl solution). The SEM-EDAX analysis reveals the depletion of calcium and aluminium elements from the fibre, and this is believed to be the cause of multiple fibre fractures. The fracture toughness is decreased because the role of fibre pull-out, which is the significant energy-consuming process, is negligible. A statistical analysis, from which the lifetime behaviour can be predicted, is carried out.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00700773
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of temperature and strain rate on the strength of a PET/glass fibre composite (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 19 (1984), S. 2246-2258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Constant strain-rate mechanical testing and surface fractography were used to characterize the failure behaviour of a PET/glass injection-moulding compound and of its unfilled matrix material. Parameters for this investigation were temperature and strain rate. The matrix material exhibited a viscous-brittle transition between room temperature and 60° C. Low temperature failure occurred by craze growth, followed by slow and rapid crack propagation. The composite material likewise behaved as a viscous solid at superambient temperatures. Failure at low temperatures and/or high deformation rates occurred by brittle matrix fracture and fibre pull-out. Under these conditions, mechanical properties improved, relative to those at room temperatures. At intermediate temperatures and/or low strain rates, failure occurred via matrix crazing and crack propagation near the fibre ends. An observed serration of the fracture path at high strain rates is suggested to be due to the need for high shear stresses at the fibre-matrix interface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01058102
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhancement of the fatigue life of PMMA through prior crazing (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 15 (1980), S. 1584-1585 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00752142
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The physical aging of isotactic polypropyleneResearch sponsored by the U.S. Army Research Office under Grant No. DAAG2979-G-0187. (1981)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 21 (1981), S. 776-781 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The microstructural changes in isotactic polypropylene (PP), subsequent to quench from the melt to around Tg were studied using dynamic mechanical loss, volume dilatometry, small and wide angle X-ray scattering, infrared and NMR spectroscopy. The β-transition loss tangent and the specific volume decreased linearly with logarithm of aging time. Dynamic mechanical loss and NMR spectroscopy results established that amorphous chain mobility reduced during aging. X-ray and IR techniques showed that the crystallinity, the crystalline density, and the average chain conformation do not change during aging. Tensile tests indicated that diffusion of air or moisture into the polymer is not a competitive mechanism for the aging phenomenon. A simple free-volume model is quantitatively consistent with these observations. The fraction of the material which cannot age increased as the quench temperature decreased. Further, at lower temperatures a portion of the nonageable fraction is shown to reside in the amorphous fraction.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760211206
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