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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 7 (1981), S. 121-124 
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Glucocorticoid ; Adult respiratory distress syndrome ; Posttraumatic pulmonary insufficiency ; Lung water ; Monocrotaline ; Pulmonary circulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Methylprednisolone, 30 mg/kg body weight, was given to dogs 30 min and 4 h after injection of monocrotaline to produce noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. Control animals received monocrotaline but not corticosteroids. After 6 h the steroid-treated animals demonstrated significantly better gas exchange and significantly less pulmonary edema. A possible mechanism of this beneficial effect of steroids is inhibition of complement-leukocyte interactions which may mediate pulmonary microvascular injury. The results lend some support to the clinical practice of short-term pharmacologic doses of steroids in noncardiogenic pulmonary edema.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Czechoslovak journal of physics 30 (1980), S. 381-387 
    ISSN: 1572-9486
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Optical transitions in direct semiconductors are governed according to simple one-electron treatment by ak-selection rule, which in doped or mixed crystals is but lifted to some extent (Δk) caused by 1) shallow impurities, 2) isoelectronic impurities or 3) alloy scattering. Values of Δk for these mechanisms are given and the implications for line shapes of optical spectra are discussed. Furthermore, as to the position of lines in the optical spectra of highly doped or highly excited crystals, gap shrinkage effects have to be considered, three main mechanisms of which can be distinguished: 1) Quadratic response of the band edges with respect to the fluctuating potential of the (screened) impurities, 2) polaron effects and 3) carrier exchange and correlation effects. Results of theoretical calculation are compared with experimental findings for GaAs and GaP. The practical importance of gap shrinkage effects for gain measurements and for the operation of (Ga, Al) As laser diodes is pointed out. From the Coulomb interaction of the carriers an additional mechanism for the lifting of thek-selection rule (especially valid for pure, but excited semiconductors) can be derived (plasmon coupling): Estimations show that the simplek-selection rule is almost never fulfilled within the energy range of emission spectra and that these spectra can be well explained simply assuming no-k-selection even for pure direct material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Czechoslovak journal of physics 34 (1984), S. 402-402 
    ISSN: 1572-9486
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: HPLC ; Carboxylic acids ; Bayer process ; Aluminate liquors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird die Anwendung der Hochdruckflüssigchromatographie (HPLC) in Bezug auf die Identifizierung und quantitative Bestimmung von Carbonsäuren in Aluminatlaugen aus dem Bayerprozeß beschrieben. Die Vorgehensweise besteht in folgenden Teilschritten: Optimierung von HPLC Phasensystemen zur Trennung von synthetischen Gemischen von Carbonsäuren, Aufarbeitung der Aluminatlauge, semi-präparative Isolierung von Substanzen, Identifizierung auf flüssigchromatographischem Wege und durch Massenspektrometrie, quantitative Bestimmung durch Peakhöhenauswertung mit Hilfe externer Standards.
    Notes: Summary The paper describes the application of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to the identification and quantitation of carboxylic acids in aluminate liquors from the Bayer process. The procedure comprises the following consecutive steps: optimization of HPLC phase systems employing synthetic mixtures of carboxylic acids, clean-up of the liquor, semi-preparative isolation of substances, identification by means of HPLC and mass spectrometry and estimation based on peak height measurement using external standards.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography ; Chemically bonded silica ; Hydrolytically stable ; Metal complexing ligands ; Amino acid separation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A silica of 14 nm pore size was reacted according to two procedures with the following silanes: γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (1), N-aminoethyl-N′-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (2), N-aminoethyl-N′-aminoethyl-N″-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (3), N-(3-triethoxysilanepropyl)-N, N-diacetic dimethylester (4), N-(3-trisodiumsilanolatepropyl)-N, N-diacetic acid disodium salt (5) and N-(3-trisodiumsilanolatepropyl)-ethylenediamine-N, N′, N′-triacetic acid trisodium salt (6). The reaction of silanes 1–4 with the silica was carried out under anhydrous conditions (procedure A). Silanes 1–6 were subjected to surface modification under essentially hydrous conditions applying a two-step procedure (procedure B). Procedure B is much simpler to perform and allows binding of high and definite amounts of silane onto the surface. Complexation of all bonded phases with Cu2+ was examined by measuring the sorption isotherms at constant pH. The pH-dependence of Cu2+ uptake at constant Cu2+ concentration was evaluated. Tests on the chemical and chromatographic stability of the packings showed that only the silicas with bonded iminodiacetate and ethylenediaminetriacetate groups remain hydrolytically stable. Retention of aliphatic and α-amino acids on these two packings was found to be mainly controlled by the pH and the ionic strength of the eluent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 46-46 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 47-48 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 318 (1984), S. 305-306 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 304 (1980), S. 374-381 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Chromatographie, Adsorption ; modifizierte SiO2-Träger
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary 1,2-Dihydroxy-3-propoxypropyl (HPP), 1-amino-2-hydroxy-3-propoxypropyl (AHP) and 3-(2-aminoethylamino)propyl (AEAP) silica packings were synthesized by means of both a surface modification and a bulk modification procedure. In surface modification a complete monolayer of bonded groups could be achieved. The modifiers reacted with the silanol groups according to a bifunctional mechanism. Eluotropic series of solvents were established on these polar modified silicas referring to n-heptane having ɛ∘=0. The solvent parameter ratio of modified to bare silica was found to be constant over a wide range of solvent compositions as $$\varepsilon _{{\text{HPP - silica}}}^ \circ = 0.26\varepsilon _{{\text{silica}}}^ \circ ,{\text{ }}\varepsilon _{{\text{AHP - silica}}}^ \circ = 0.33\varepsilon _{{\text{ silica }}}^ \circ {\text{and }}\varepsilon _{{\text{ AEAP - silica}}}^ \circ = 0.37\varepsilon _{{\text{silica}}}^ \circ .$$ . The lower ɛ∘ values on modified silicas can be attributed to the homogenization of adsorbent surface by removal of the most active silanol groups during modification. This is also borne out by the fact that retention of solutes on polar modified silicas was scarcely affected by the water content of the eluent n-heptane. Depending on the polarity of the eluent, the retention of solutes reflects the hydrophobic and hydrophilic nature of the bonded moiety at the surface of modified silicas. Retention of acidic solutes increases in the sequence AEAP-silica〉AHP-silica〉HPP-silica due to specific acid-base interactions at constant eluent composition.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Durch Oberflächen- und durch Bulkmodifizierung wurden drei Siliciumdioxid-Pakkungsmaterialien mit folgenden polaren funktionellen Gruppen hergestellt: 1,2-Dihydroxy-3-propoxypropyl (HPP), 1-amino-2-hydroxy-3-propoxypropyl (AHP), 3-(2-aminoethylamino)propyl (AEAP). Bei der Oberflächenmodifizierung konnte eine dichte monomolekulare Belegung der Siliciumdioxidoberfläche mit organofunktionellen Gruppen erreicht werden. An diesen polaren modifizierten Trägern wurden jeweils die eluotrope Reihe von verschiedenen Lösungsmitteln bezogen auf n-Heptan mit der Lösungsmittelstärke ɛ∘=0 ermittelt. Das Verhältnis der Lösungsmittelstärke eines modifizierten Trägers zu dem unmodifizierten Ausgangsmaterial war bei gegebener Eluenszusammensetzung über den gesamten Bereich von ɛ∘ konstant, nämlich $$\varepsilon _{{\text{HPP - SiO}}_{\text{2}} }^ \circ = 0,26\varepsilon _{{\text{SiO}}_{\text{2}} }^ \circ ,{\text{ }}\varepsilon _{{\text{AHP - SiO}}_{\text{2}} }^ \circ = 0,33\varepsilon _{{\text{AEAP - SiO}}_{\text{2}} }^ \circ = 0,37\varepsilon _{{\text{SiO}}_{\text{2}} }^ \circ .$$ . Die beobachteten geringeren Lösungsmittelstärken an den polaren modifizierten Trägern im Vergleich zum nicht modifizierten Siliciumdioxid deuten auf eine Homogenisierung der Oberfläche durch die Modifizierung hin, die verbunden ist mit dem Eliminieren der aktivsten Silanolgruppen. Dies wird bestätigt durch die Tatsache, daß die Retention von gelösten Substanzen an den polaren modifizierten Trägern in n-Heptan als Eluens kaum durch Variation des Wassergehaltes geändert wird. Die Retention von gelösten Substanzen in der Adsorptions-Chromatographie an den drei Pakkungsmaterialien wird entsprechend der Polarität des Eluens einmal durch den hydrophilen zum anderen aber auch hydrophoben Charakter der Oberfläche bestimmt. Bei gegebener Eluenszusammensetzung nimmt die Retention von sauren Komponenten aufgrund spezifischer Säure-Base-Wechselwirkung mit der Trägeroberfläche in der Reihenfolge HPP-SiO2, AHP-SiO2, AEAP-SiO2 zu.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Ligand-exchange chromatography ; Reversed phase chromatography, amino acids ; Racemates resolution, amino acids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A novel chiral phase system is presented for the resolution of unmodified α-amino acid racemates which is composed of a reverse phase packing coated with N-alkyl-L-hydroxyproline (where alkyl is n-C7H15-, n-C10H21- and n-C16H33-) and a hydro-organic eluent containing copper(II)acetate. The factors controlling retention and enantioselectivity such as concentration of Cu(II)ion and pH of the eluent, addition of NH4Ac to the eluent, type and content of organic solvent of hydro-organic eluent and column temperature were examined. The extremely high enantioselectivity observed (α up to 16) is assumed to be caused by a three site sorbate-sorbent interaction involving bidentate coordination of two amino acids to a Cu(II)ion and hydrophobic attractions between hydrocarbon side chains of amino acids and the n-octadecyl groups of the support. The efficiency and selectivity of the system permits resolution of up to 7 racemic amino acids into enantiomers within 35 minutes on a conventional HPLC apparatus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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