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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EMG Measurement as a Function of Electrode Placement and Level of EMG (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Psychophysiology 17 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Frontal EMG was concurrently measured using two different electrode placements for each of 12 subjects. One electrode placement was the standard placement of one electrode above each eyebrow (referred to as the horizontal placement). For the other placement, electrodes were positioned vertically above only the left eyebrow (referred to as the vertical placement). Comparisons between the measures of EMG using the two placements were assessed for three different levels of biofeedback-influenced EMG activity.The horizontal and vertical EMG measures were found to be positively correlated both for the entire group and for individual subjects. Also, the two measures of EMG were positively correlated at three different levels of EMG, i.e., high, medium, and low. Comparisons of horizontal and vertical EMG indicated that horizontal EMG was consistently higher than vertical EMG at all levels of EMG. These findings suggest that placement of EMG electrodes is a very important variable in accurately measuring the magnitude of muscular electrical activity. However, if repeated measures of EMG are used to evaluate changes in muscle tension, and electrode placement is consistent across conditions, electrode placement is of only marginal importance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1980.tb00150.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pulse Transit Time Feedback and Bidirectional Blood Pressure Change (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Psychophysiology 18 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: The current study examined the effects of pulse transit time feedback on systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Three subjects were given feedback designed to increase or decrease transit times. Eleven-twelve one-hour training sessions were provided over a two-week period. The results showed that during increase training, significant increases in systolic pressure and heart rate were observed, while pulse transit time showed a significant decrease. Diastolic blood pressure increases were moderate and only inconsistently observed. During decrease training, diastolic pressure and heart rate declined significantly below baseline. Pulse transit time increases were consistent but lower in magnitude than observed for the opposite training condition. Moderate systolic blood pressure decreases were inconsistently observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1981.tb01836.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Feedback and Stimulus Control on Pulse Transit Time Discrimination (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Psychophysiology 17 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: The present study was designed to determine the effects of feedback on discrimination of pulse transit time (TT). Eighteen normotensive subjects were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (I) Random Feedback Control, (II) Contingent Feedback, and (III) Feedback plus Exteroceptive Cues. For each subject an ABBA within-session design was used in which subjects compared TT to a predetermined mean approximately every 20 sec across four phases: a 10-min baseline, followed by two 10-min experimental phases, and a final 10-min baseline phase. Results for discrimination accuracy indicated superior discrimination for subjects presented exteroceptive cues and/or feedback (Groups II and III). A decrement in performance was found for both Groups II and III during the final baseline phase, with slightly better maintenance for the feedback plus exteroceptive cues subjects. Measures of EMG, respiration, HR and vasomotor activity were obtained during training and were correlated with discrimination accuracy. Results showed that none of the physiological responses were reliably correlated with discriminative performance, and probably did not function as discriminative stimuli for TT discrimination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1980.tb00179.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of smoking on perception of muscle tension (1984)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 83 (1984), S. 107-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Cigarettes ; Perception ; Arousal ; Heart rate ; Muscle tension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract It has been suggested that smoking may reduce affect in high-arousal situations by blocking peripheral physiological cues. The effects of smoking on perception of one type of physiological response, muscle activity, was evaluated in two studies. In study 1 male and female smokers were exposed to four conditions: high and low arousal crossed with smoking or deprivation. Results showed that smokers produce less muscle activity during high-than low-arousal stituations, and that smoking reduced sensitivity to muscle activity in females, but enhanced it in males. These perception differences were not related to arousal as assessed by heart rate, which was elevated in all high-arousal situations. When compared to nonsmokers, smokers in a deprived state generate more muscle activity during the perception task, but showed no differences in sensitivity. These results represent the initial demonstration that smoking can alter the perception of physiological processes. Study 2 was designed to determine whether the effects of smoking were specific to muscle tension or indicative of a more generalized perceptual change. Perception of muscle tension and decibel levels were compared in smoking or deprived female smokers who were in the high-arousal situation. Results for muscle-tension perception in high-arousal situations were similar to those in study 1, but smoking did not alter perception of auditory stimuli.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427433
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Accuracy of parents' reports of height and weight (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment 2 (1980), S. 105-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3505
    Keywords: obesity ; children ; parents' report ; body mass index
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: Abstract The accuracy of parents' reports of their own height and weight and the height and weight of their obese children, who were about to enter a weight control program, was assessed. Measured height and weights of 146 mothers, 55 fathers, and 150 children who attended a screening session were compared to the heights and weights they had previously reported on a demographic questionnaire. Eighty-four percent of the reported weights were accurate within ±5 lbs.; 71% of the reported heights were accurate within ±1 in. Parents' reports of weight tended to underestimate actual weights, with the magnitude of underestimation greater for mothers than for fathers, while reported heights overestimated actual height, with the magnitude of overestimation greatest for fathers. Errors in the parents' reports of children's weight were related to the child's actual weight and body mass index (BMI), with substantial underestimation of actual weight in the heaviest decile of children in the sample.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01338927
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of the large-scale integrated sensor (LSI) to estimate energy expenditure (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment 6 (1984), S. 51-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3505
    Keywords: large-scale integrated sensor (LSI) ; energy expenditure ; activity assessment ; exercise
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: Abstract The relationship between activity counts from the large-scale integrated sensor (LSI), placed at the hip and ankle, and heart rate-estimated energy expenditure was examined in three nonobese males during three conditions: normal morning activities, a 1-mi walk, and a 2-mi walk. Results showed that estimated caloric expenditure was related to activity counts for both monitoring placements, with correlations between counts and energy expenditure exceedingr=.90. These results show that energy expenditure in the activities sampled can be reliably estimated using activity monitors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01321461
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relationship between muscle discrimination ability and response to relaxation training in three kinds of headaches (1981)
    Springer
    Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback 6 (1981), S. 537-545 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3270
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Accurate discrimination of changes in physiological response has been noted as an important element in learning to control that response. Using a magnitude production procedure involving forearm isometric contractions, it was found that the ability to discriminate muscle tension varied across headache groups, with the no-headache control group (r=.76) being most accurate, followed by the tension group (r=.68), the mixed tension and migraine group (r=.60), and finally the migraine group (r=.51). The most important result, however, was that muscle discrimination ability significantly predicted clinical outcome from treatment by relaxation training for tension headache subjects (r=.50) but did not predict outcome for migraine or mixed headache subjects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00998738
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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