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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 60 (1983), S. 132-136 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Cloverleaf skull anomally ; Tempral lobe dysgenesis ; Thanatophoric chondrodystrophy ; Ventricular diverticle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An early fetal case of cloverleaf skull anomaly associated with thanatophoric chondrodystrophy is described. Localized ventricular diverticles are a peculiar finding. In addition there are previously described malformations limited to the temporal lobes and comprising plump gyri with abnormal deep sulci, thick periventricular heterotopias, dysgenesis of the parahippocampal gyrus, agenesis of the Ammon's horn, and small micropolygyria. The skull deformity is not dependent on hydrocephalus, demonstrating inconsistencies in previous pathogenetic concepts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 55 (1981), S. 75-76 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Rosenthal fibers ; Glial fibrillary acid protein ; Astrocytoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sixteen cases of pilocytic astrocytomas with excessive Rosenthal fiber (RF) formation were examined by the indirect immunoperoxidase method for the localization of glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP). RF nerve contained GFAP but they were often enclosed in plump and thickened GFAP-positive astrocytic processes. The border between the negative RF and the surrounding positive rim of cytoplasm was always sharp and without gradual transitions. The antigenic difference between RFs and glial filaments imply that glial filaments undergo a profound change in their chemical composition during their transformation into RFs. The possibility that RFs are not degradation products of glial filaments but consist of some chemically unknown substance produced by metabolically activated astrocytes cannot be excluded.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 50 (1980), S. 53-56 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Cerebral anoxia ; Cerebral ischemia ; Cardiac arrest ; Brain stem damage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Selective symmetrical necroses of many tegmental brain stem nuclei including motor cranial nerve nuclei, superior and inferior colliculi, cuneate and gracilis nuclei, and others are known as hypotensive brain stem necrosis (Gilles 1969). We found such lesions in eight infants and seven adults. Examination of their clinical records revealed a well documented episode of cardiac arrest in each case. Cardiac output was restored in all but one patient 5 min to 4 h after the beginning of resuscitation. All patients remained comatose in a decerebrate state up to their death 17 h to 4 weeks after adminssion. Our findings and a review of the literature indicate that this type of lesion relates specifically to cardiac arrest. The term “hypotensive brain stem necrosis” is a misnomer and should be replaced by the term “cardiac arrest encephalopathy”.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 64 (1984), S. 75-77 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Foramen of Monro ; Hydrocephalus ; Development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Unilateral hydrocephalus due to occlusion of one foramen of Monro was found incidentally at necropsy in a 52-year-old man. There was no evidence of a postinflammatory or neoplastic origin of the occlusion. Backward tilting of the diencephalon, asymmetric insertion of the septum pellucidum, lateral tilting of the fornices, and deformation of the hippocampal formation indicated an early developmental origin of the lesion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 58 (1982), S. 81-86 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Dandy-Walker ; Vermis aplasia ; Atresia ; Fourth ventricle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case of Dandy-Walker syndrome associated with multiple maldevelopmental lesions of the brain stem and cerebellum is presented. The additional malformations include hypoplasia of both cerebellar hemispheres with multiple foci of cortical dysplasias, rostral dilatation of the fourth ventricle and atresia in its caudal part, hypoplasia of the basis pontis, displacement and dysplasia of several nuclear groups of the medulla oblongata, including subtotal aplasia of the inferior olivar complex, and incomplete decussation of the pyramidal tracts. These lesions implicate a hindrance of neuroblastic proliferation and migration from rhombencephalic cytogenetic zones of the entire alar plate with peristent anterior membranous area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 57 (1982), S. 103-110 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Infantile glioma ; Primitive neuroectodermal tumor ; Infancy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fourteen juvenile patients with small cell gliomas were studied at two institutes. These tumors are believed to form a distinct entity. They arise mostly in the diencephalon or the brain stem and are composed of a poorly differentiated small cell component having a prononounced tendency to differentiate into a glioma. Signs of neuroblastic differentiation were also found with the electron microscope. Small cell gliomas disseminate early and profusely throughout the ventricular walls and the subarachnoid spaces including the spinal meninges. Prognosis is grave, most patients dying within 1 year of diagnosis or surgical intervention. The designation “infantile small cell glioma” overlaps with both the “metastasising gliomas in young subjects” of Eade and Urich (1971) and with the primitive neuroectodermal tumor of infancy of Hart and Earle (1973).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 19 (1980), S. 35-38 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Cerebral computed tomography ; Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis ; White matter disease ; Metabolic brain disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The computed tomography (CT) findings in a verified case of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) are presented. CT revealed diffuse and severe cerebral atrophy, reflected by generalized subarachnoid space enlargement and symmetric ventricular dilation. There was no evidence of abnormalities of the white matter. The CT features in our case of NCL correspond perfectly with the neuropathologic changes of the disease mentioned in the literature. Furthermore, CT is of considerable help in differentiating between those inherited metabolic brain diseases characterized primarily by white matter involvement and those presenting predominantly with changes of grey matter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 225 (1981), S. 1-8 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Malformation, vascular ; Superior sagittal sinus ; Shunts ; Dementia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Fallbericht eines 62jährigen Mannes, der während der letzten 5 Jahre an einer progredienten Dementia litt. Angiographische Untersuchungen zeigten multiple Shunts extracranieller Galeaarterien direkt in den Sinus sagittalis superior mit retrograder Füllung der Venen der Großhirnhemisphären. Bei der Autopsie fand sich Arterialisation der Wand des Sinus sagittalis superior mit multiplen Lumina in seinem mittleren Drittel. Der Sinus war nicht dilatiert, die Dura normal, und kein eigentliches Angiom wurde gefunden. Dilatierte Venen in den Leptomeningen und in der hemisphärischen weißen Substanz zeigten gelegentlich verdickte fibrotische Wandungen. Arterien der weißen Substanz waren vielfach verkalkt. Derartige abnormale Gefäße waren von ausgedehnten Herden unvollständiger Entmarkung umgeben. Die Läsion wurde als eine Entwicklungsstörung klassifiziert, charakterisiert durch multiple direkte Shunts in den Sinus sagittalis superior.
    Notes: Summary A 62-year-old man suffered from progressive dementia for the last 5 years of life. Angiography disclosed draining of multiple extracranial, galeal arteries directly into the superior sagittal sinus with retrograde filling of cerebral veins. At necropsy there was arterialization of the walls of the sinus and a multichannelled lumen in its middle third. The sinus was not distended, the dura normal, and no angioma was found. The leptomeninges and the cerebral white matter contained excessively distended veins, some with thickend fibrotic walls. Many arteries in the cerebral white matter were mineralized. There were widespread patches of incomplete demyelination about these abnormal vessels. The lesion was classified as a developmental anomaly with direct shunting of extracranial arteries into the superior sagittal sinus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neurocytology 13 (1984), S. 767-796 
    ISSN: 1573-7381
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Wallerian degeneration was studied in the phrenic or sciatic nerves of mice following transplantation into Millipore diffusion chambers of 0.22 μm pore size which were implanted in the peritoneal cavity and kept for up to eight weeks. This method positively eliminates the access of nonresident cells to the tissue, at the same time providing proper conditions for tissue survival. Such nerves showed no proliferation of Schwann cells and no evidence for their active role in the removal or digestion of myelin. Schwann cells rejected their sheaths and the latter persisted for weeks, leading either to sheath distension (the sheath becoming wider and thinner) or to collapse (the sheath becoming thicker, collapsing upon the empty axis cylinder). The outer envelope of Schwann cytoplasm separated into pseudopodia rich in microtubules. Sheath rejection led to a slow decay of the myelin in the absence of active phagocytosis. There was profuse fibroblastic proliferation from the epineurium and perineurium, from which cells migrated into the chambers developing fatty change. No evidence was found to link the fatty change in fibroblasts to sheath decay. Diffusion chambers of 5.0 μm pore size were invaded by leukocytes and monocytes. Nerves kept in such chambers showed active phagocytosis of myelin leading to its removal, similar to Wallerian degenerationin situ. Phagocytes were shown to attack selectively the rejected myelin sheaths, distinguishing the latter from the surviving Schwann cells, even though both structures derive from the same cell. The activity of phagocytes in digesting myelin was mediated by a signal which diminished in intensity with time; there was very little active phagocytosis of myelin in nerves that had been predegenerated in 0.22 μm pore chambers. Various modifications of the experiment, including studies with co-cultured peritoneal macrophages or bone marrow, indicate a need for additional activating factors to induce myelin phagocytosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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