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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 18 (1980), S. 407-411 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Streptozotocin diabetes in rat ; maternal diabetes ; neonatal macrosomia ; protein ; DNA ; DNA polymerase-α
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In order to determine the effect of maternal diabetes on the somatic growth of the rat fetus and to elucidate mechanisms underlying the control of fetal growth, concentrations of DNA and proteins and DNA polymerase-α activities in neonates were examined. The maternal status was classified as normal (no urinary glucose excretion), mildly diabetic (0.01–0.99 g/day urinary glucose), and severely diabetic (1.00 g/day or more urinary glucose). The total DNA contents in mg/neonate were 26.8 ± 2.2 (mean ± SEM), 31.3 ± 2.5, and 29.4 ± 2.7 for neonates from normal, mildly diabetic and severely diabetic mothers, respectively. The DNA polymerase activities in (cpm/g neonate) x 10-3 for the same groups of neonates were 432 ± 58, 1,008 ± 74, and 888 ± 118, respectively. These results indicate that the neonatal macrosomia disappears as the severity of maternal diabetes increases. Furthermore, DNA polymerase is one of possible biochemical sites through which macrosomia is manifested in diabetic pregnancies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 20 (1981), S. 213-216 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Streptozotocin diabetes in rat ; fetal macrosomia ; rate of substrate influx ; leucine influx ; thymidine influx ; AIB influx
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Mild diabetes (blood glucose ranging from 130 to 200 mg/100 ml) was induced in female rats by streptozotocin administration prior to mating. Fetuses obtained from these diabetic mothers on 20.5, 19.5 and 18.5 days of gestation were compared with corresponding fetuses from control mothers. Macrosomia was defined as a fetus whose body weight exceeded the mean + 2.5 SD of fetal weight obtained from the control fetal population. Similarly, the rate of substrate influx was considered abnormally high when an individual value (cpm/g tissue of radioactive tracer) exceeded mean + 2.5 SD of control value. The frequencies of macrosomia in control groups and in diabetic groups were 1/98 and 15/110 respectively, on 20.5 day of gestation, 1/155 and 14/ 148 on 19.5 day, and 0/99 and 0/98 on 18.5 day. The rates of influx of thymidine, leucine, and alphaaminoisobutyric acid from maternal side to the macrosomic fetuses were increased as much as 20 times the corresponding rates in control fetuses. Despite the lack of macrosomia as defined here in the fetal population on 18.5 day of gestation, a significantly larger proportion of litters from diabetic mothers (5 litters/5 litters) contained one or more fetuses showing abnormally high rate of thymidine influx than the litters from control mothers (0 litter/5 litters). These results suggest that only a selected few fetuses in a litter from a diabetic mother become macrosomic and a marked stimulation in the rate of metabolite influx into fetuses precedes the manifestation of macrosomia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 106 (1984), S. 6597-6600 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Medicine 31 (1980), S. 273-288 
    ISSN: 0066-4219
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 179 (1981), S. 69-80 
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Immunosuppression ; Liver perfusate ; Ischemic damage ; Immunsuppression ; Leberperfusate ; ischämische Schädigung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Um die Freisetzung eines immunosuppressiven und zytotoxischen Faktors von ischämisch geschädigten Lebertransplantaten zu prüfen, wurden BDE- und DA-Ratten die Lebern entnommen. Nach einer sechsstündigen Aufbewahrung bei Raumtemperatur perfundierten wir intraportal ein- oder fünfmal mit 2 ml/g Ringerlösung. Der Proteingehalt betrug 0,9 oder 2,8–3,9 mg/ml. Wurde LEW-Ratten mit BDE-Nierentransplantaten 5 Tage lang vom Tag der Transplantation an 2 ml eines einmal perfundierten LP's verabreicht, überlebten die Tiere 8,9 ± 1,8 Tage signifikant länger (Kontrolle 6,5 ± 0,5 Tage), bei Injektion eines fünfmal perfundierten LP's 10,3 ± 1,3 Tage. Behandelten wir die Empfänger für 10 Tage mit dem fünffach perfundierten LP, erhöhte sich die Überlebensdauer auf 9–34 Tage, durchschnittlich auf 15,3 ± 7,3 Tage. Nieren, Milz und Herz wurden BDE-Ratten entnommen und bei Raumtemperatur 6 h lang aufbewahrt, Gewebeextrakte hergestellt, und der Proteingehalt mit Ringerlösung auf 3–4 mg/ml eingestellt. LP und Gewebeextrakte wurden einer MLC von LEW- und BDE-Zellen und einer LEW-Zell-Stimulation mit PHA zugegeben. Die LEW-Lymphozyten und die BDE-Fibroblasten inkubierten zusammen mit dem LP sowie den Gewebeextrakten 3 Tage lang. Die Blastogenese in der MLC- und der PHA-Stimulation wurde durch die LP's stark inhibiert, ebenso durch die Nieren, Herz und Milzextrakte, jedoch geringer als bei LP's. LP's verursachten starke Lymphozyto- und Fibroblastentoxizitäten, ebenso Nierenextrakte, Herz- und Milzextrakte aber weniger. Gut konservierte, nicht jedoch ischämisch geschädigte Nierenextrakte zeigten die gleiche Inhibition sowie Zytotoxizität wie eine ischämisch geschädigte Niere. Hitzeinaktivierung auf 70°C bewirkte eine leichte Verminderung der Inhibition und Zytotoxität. Der Organfaktor ist kein Zerfallsprodukt eines ischämisch geschädigten Gewebes, sondern ein normaler Bestandteil der Zellen, welcher insbesondere in der Leber vorhanden und relativ thermostabil ist.
    Notes: Summary These studies demonstrate the presence of an immunosuppressive and cytotoxic factor in the perfusate of ischemic damaged liver.A BDE rat liver perfusate (LP) was prepared after 6 h warm ischemia by intraportal perfusion with 2 ml/g of Ringer's solution (one time-LP1 or five times-LP5 with the same volume of solution). Protein amount of LP1 and LP5 was 0.9 and 2.8–3.9 mg/ml. In vivo activity of the hepatic perfusates was studied by effect on renal allograft survival time. LEW rats with BDE kidney transplant, treated daily with 2 ml of LP1 for 5 days, starting on the day of grafting, survived 8.9 ± 1.8 days, significantly longer than control animals (6.5 ± 0.5 days). After administration of LP5 renal recipients survived 10.3 ± 1.3 days and when the treatment with LP5 was prolonged to 10 days animals survived 9–34 days (mean 15.3 ± 7.3 days). The presence of the suppressive factor was also studied in renal, spleen and heart extracts, prepared after 6 h warm ischemia. Protein amount of extracts was adjusted to 3–4 mg/ml by Ringer's solution. Immunosuppressive activity of LP and other organ extracts was tested in vitro by their influence on MLC reaction (LEW and BDE lymphocytes) and on LEW cells in the PHA stimulation assay. Lymphocyte blastogenic response in MLC reaction and in culture with PHA was strongly inhibited by LP but weakly by organ extracts. Hepatic perfusates were cytotoxic against lymphocytes and fibroblasts in a three day cultures. Cytotoxic activity of the organ extracts was lower than LP. Extract of the cold preserved kidneys showed immunosuppressive and cytotoxic effect like extract of ischemically injured kidneys but smaller than LP. After heat inactivation at 70°C the activity of hepatic perfusate decreased. Immunosuppressive organ factor (IOF) seems to be a normal cell component, not a decomposition product of the ischemically damaged hepatic tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 59 (1981), S. 72-74 
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of Gc subtypes in a sample of the Chinese population of Hong Kong was studied using isoelectric focusing followed by immunofixation. A sensitive modification of this technique is described. Nine distinct phenotypes were observed which appear to result from the three common alleles Gc IF, Gc IS, and Gc 2, which are found in most populations. The respective gene frequencies were 0.494, 0.258, and 0.247. In addition, two rare phenotypes were observed which appear to be due to a rare allele tentatively identified as Gc 2G2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 26 (1981), S. 107-112 
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The intestinal digestive and absorptive function of the excluded jejunum was evaluated 6 and 12 weeks after jejunoileal bypass in rats. Brush border and cytosol aminopeptidase activities as well as mucosal sucrase activity were measured in self-emptying excluded jejunal segments following bypass surgery. In addition, followingin vivo perfusion of equimolar amounts of amino acid (l-leucine) and dipeptide (l-leucyl-l-leucine) solutions through bypassed jejunal segments, the uptake ofl-leucine was determined. Mucosal weight, protein, and DNA content were reduced in the bypass segment reflecting jejunal mucosal cell hypoplasia. Hydrolytic activities for all enzymes (including the subcellular fractions of the aminopeptidase activities) and absorption rates from both the free amino acid and peptide solutions were reduced in bypassed jejunal segments. When expressed on the basis of mucosal DNA content, however, no changes were observed. This study indicates that the functional alterations in the excluded jejunum after bypass are due to the reduced mucosal cell content of this segment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 20 (1982), S. 17-32 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé On présente une méthode simple et flexible pour l'analyse de la croissance stable d'une fissure dans les matériaux ductiles. L'analyse est basée sur une méthode par éléments finis élasto-plastiques permettant de calculer les champs de contrainte et de déplacement au voisinage d'une fissure en croissance sous charges monotonique croissante. On a adopté un type spécial d'éléments, dénommé éléments fragmentables, et une technique de relaxation des forces nodales dans une analyse élasto-plastique habituelle, pour simuler la croissance stable d'une fissure. Le nouveau critère de rupture applicable à une rupture de mode mixte a également été utilisée; certains résultats expérimentaux ont permis de vérifier l'excellente corrélation du schéma de calcul proposé.
    Notes: Abstract A simple and flexible method of analysis on stable crack growth in ductile materials is presented. The analysis is based on an elastic-plastic finite element method to calculate the stress and displacement fields in the vicinity of a growing crack under monotonically increasing load. A special type of element known as a “breakable element” and a nodal force relaxation technique have been adopted in a usual elastic-plastic analysis to simulate stable crack growth. A new fracture criterion which is suitable for mixed mode fracture is also used. The computational scheme was verified by excellent correlation with some experimental results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 16 (1981), S. 1367-1373 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The eutectic systems of Cd-Pb, Bi-Cd and Bi-Zn were alloyed using chemically pure raw materials in an electric furnace. The electrical resistivities were determined at room temperature in terms of the microstructures of the eutectic alloys. Electrical resistivities measured parallel and perpendicular to the unidirectional microstructure at different solidification rates were quite distinctive. The electrical resistivities measured were consistent with calculated values. The present study indicates qualitatively that unidirectional solidification of ideal conductor-insulator eutectic systems could produce electrical anisotropic materials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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