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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Ventricular Trabeculae ; Membrane Potential ; Graded Depolarisation ; Tension Development ; External Ca Concentration ; Ventrikuläre Trabekel ; Membranpotential ; graduierte Depolarisation ; Aktivierung der Kontraktion ; extracelluläre Ca-Konzentration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Isolierte, dünne ventrikuläre Trabekel aus Schafs- und Kalbsherzen wurden mit Hilfe einer Saccharosetrennwand in Na-freier Lösung durch Rechteckimpulse gleichmäßig und schrittweise depolarisiert. Membranpotentialänderungen und Kontraktion wurden gleichzeitig registriert und der Einfluß der extracellulären Ca-Konzentration ([Ca] e ) im Bereich zwischen 0 und 7,2 mM/l auf die Beziehung zwischen elektrischen und mechanischen Veränderungen untersucht. In Ca-freier Lösung stellten sich die elektrotonischen Potentiale innerhalb von 50–250 msec in einer Stufe auf annähernd konstante Werte ein. Die Strom-Spannungsbeziehung verlief nicht linear, sondern zeigte „einwärts gerichtete Gleichrichtung“. Eine Kontraktion konnte auch bei Depolarisation auf (innen) positive Potentialbereiche nicht ausgelöst werden. In Ca-haltigen Lösungen verliefen die elektrotonischen Potentiale in zwei Stufen. Die zweite Stufe der Depolarisation begann bei einem Schwellenpotential von −60 mV, bei dem auch die Kontraktion ausgelöst wurde. Die Kontraktion begann etwa 45 msec, nachdem das Schwellenpotential für die zweite Stufe der Depolarisation erreicht war, und verschob sich mit zunehmender Reizintensität zeitlich parallel zu dieser Phase der Membranpotentialänderung. Das Schwellenpotential für die zweite Phase der Depolarisation und für die Kontraktion war unabhängig von der [Ca] e . Dagegen nahm die Anstiegssteilheit (V/sec) und die Amplitude der zweiten Depolarisationsstufe mit steigender [Ca] e zu. Möglicherweise wird diese Phase der Membrandepolarisation durch einen Ca-Einstrom getragen. Das Maximum der Kontraktion lag bei allen [Ca] e in (innen) positiven Potentialbereichen. Zwischen der Anstiegssteilheit sowie der Amplitude der zweiten Depolarisationsstufe und der Kontraktionshöhe bestand eine lineare Beziehung in Abhängigkeit von der [Ca] e . Aus den Versuchsergebnissen wird geschlossen, daß Ca-Ionen am Herzen in Na-freier Lösung am Membranstrom während der Depolarisation beteiligt sind und daß diese Ca-Ionen, zumindest teilweise, die Kopplung zwischen Erregung und Kontraktion bewirken.
    Notes: Summary Isolated, thin ventricular trabeculae from sheep and calf hearts could be depolarized uniformly with rather small currents if they were stimulated by square current pulses across a sucrose bridge. Simultaneous measurements of graded changes in membrane potential and tension development in Na-free solution offered the opportunity to obtain some information about the interrelationship between these parameters and their dependence on external Ca concentration. When depolarizing currents were applied in Ca-free solution the electrotonic potentials approached their steady-state levels in one step within 50–250 msec. The current-voltage relation was non-linear and showed inward-going rectification. No tension could be recorded even with reversal of membrane potential. In Ca-containing solution the time-course of the electrotonic potentials showed two steps. The second, regenerative, portion of the depolarization began when the membrane potential reached −60 mV (threshold), and tension was initiated at the same level. The thresholds for this second step of depolarization and for tension development in Ca-containing solution were independent of [Ca] e (0.1–7.2 mM/l), but changes in current strength caused a time shift for both events, tension starting about 45 msec after the threshold for the second step of depolarization. With increasing [Ca] e , however, the rate of depolarization (V/sec) and the amplitude of the second step of depolarization increased. That may suggest the possibility of a Ca inward current throughout this second potential phase. The attainment of maximum contraction required reversal of the membrane potential at all levels of [Ca] e . Both the rate and the amplitude of the second step of depolarization were linearly related to tension development at different [Ca] e . It is tentatively concluded from these experiments that Ca ions carry charge across the membrane of cardiac muscle during depolarization in Na-free solution. Excitation-contraction coupling may be due at least partially to this Ca inward movement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 265 (1969), S. 187-204 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Ventricular Trabeculae ; Tetrodotoxin ; Graded Depolarisation ; Ca Inward Current ; Excitation-Contraction Coupling ; Ventrikuläre Trabekel ; Tetrodotoxin ; Graduierte Depolarisation ; Ca-Einstrom ; Elektro-Mechanische Kopplung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Tetrodotoxin (TTX), at a concentration of less than 10−6 g/ml, had no effect on membrane potential and contraction of isolated, thin ventricular trabeculae of sheep and calf hearts. 10−6 to 2 × 10−5 g/ml TTX decreased the rate of rise, over-shoot, and duration (phase of 90% repolarisation) of the action potential and the amplitude of contraction, without change in the resting potential and the plateau (20% repolarisation phase) of the action potential. Excitation block regularly occurred only with 10−5 to 2×10−5 g/ml TTX. 2. In a solution containing Na and TTX (5×10−6-2×10−5 g/ml) graded depolarisation was possible if the preparations were stimulated by square wave pulses of 500 msec duration across a sucrose bridge. In Ca-containing solutions the time-course of the electrotonic potentials showed two steps. The second step of depolarisation (SSD) began when the membrane potential reached−60 to−50 mV (threshold), and tension was initiated at the same level. Contractions reached their steady-state values only after about 5 depolarisations of the same size. There was no difference in the amplitude of contractions (steady-state level) elicited in Tyrode and in Tyrode + TTX. 3. SSD and contraction were dependent on the [Ca]e. Rate of rise (V/sec) and amplitude (mV) of SSD and tension increased with increasing [Ca]e. In Ca-free solutions the electrotonic potentials reached their steady-state levels in one step. No SSD and tension were observed in the absence of Ca, even with reversal of membrane potential. 4. In Tyrode + TTX the SSD was identical with the changes in membrane potential which could be observed in Na-free solution without TTX, but in Na-free solutions, contractions already reached their maximum during the first SSD. 5. SSD in Na-free solution was not blocked by TTX. The results indicate that the second step of depolarization in Na-free as well as in Na-containing solution + TTX is due to a Ca inward current. It is tentatively concluded that not only in Na-free but also in Na-containing solution Ca ions carry charge across the membrane of cardiac muscle during depolarisation and that this Ca inward current is an important factor in excitation-contraction coupling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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