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  • 1975-1979  (4)
  • 1960-1964
  • Ethanol concentration  (2)
  • Etonitazene reinforcement  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ethanol drinking by rhesus monkeys as a function of concentration (1978)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 57 (1978), S. 133-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Rhesus monkeys ; Ethanol reinforcement ; Ethanol concentration ; Blood ethanol level ; Ethanol drinking ; Fixed-ratio schedules ; Intoxication
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Ethanol deliveries maintained fixed-ratio (FR) responding of three rhesus monkeys during daily 3-h sessions. At FR values of 8 or 16, ethanol concentration was varied in the sequence 0 (water), 8, 11.3, 16, 22.6, 32, 8, and 0% (w/v). As the ethanol concentration increased, number of liquid deliveries decreased, although intake of ethanol (g/kg/session) increased somewhat. Blood ethanol levels were usually greater than 200 mg% and occasionally greater than 300 mg%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00426877
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ethanol-reinforced behavior of rats with concurrent access to food and water (1978)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 59 (1978), S. 7-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Concurrent schedule ; Ethanol drinking ; Water drinking ; Food deprivation ; Food satiation ; Ethanol concentration ; Rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Dippers filled with water or an ethanol solution were presented to male Wistar rats contingent on lever-pressing under a concurrent fixed-ratio 1 (water) fixed-ratio 1 (ethanol) schedule. During Phase I, when maintenance feedings were given during instead of following the daily 3-h sessions, the feedings increased drinking of both 8% (w/v) ethanol and water, with 8% ethanol being consumed in greater volumes than water. In Phase II, a 28-day transitional period from the food-deprived to the food-satiated state, continuous access to food during 3-h sessions moderately decreased 8% ethanol intake, and increased water intake and total liquid intake (water plus 8% ethanol). In Phase III, concurrent water and ethanol intake of food-satiated rats was compared over two identical series of ethanol concentrations (8, 11.3, 16, 22.6, 32, and 8% retest). Food was freely available in both the operant conditioning chambers and home cages. The number of dipper presentations of ethanol exceeded presentations of water for each rat at each concentration studied. Presentations of water were low in number and did not vary with the ethanol concentration. As the ethanol concentration was increased, the number of ethanol presentations decreased, while the quantity consumed (mg/100 g body weight/h) generally increased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00428023
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Concurrent etonitazene and water intake in rats: Role of taste, olfaction, and auditory stimuli (1979)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 64 (1979), S. 1-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Etonitazene ; Etonitazene reinforcement ; Concurrent schedules ; Choice procedures ; Rats ; Taste ; Olfaction ; Auditory stimuli ; Discriminative stimuli ; Conditioned reinforcers ; Fixed-ratio schedules
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Etonitazene and water were concurrently available to four rats during daily 1 h sessions in operant conditioning chambers equipped with two levers and two liquid dippers. A food-induced training procedure was used whereby etonitazene drinking was rapidly established by presenting rats with gradually increased drug concentrations with their daily food ration. When food was subsequently removed from the session and given post-session, etonitazene responding persisted. The rats were subsequently trained on fixed-ratio (FR) schedules with concurrent access to etonitazene and water. The number of dipper presentations compared with etonitazene concentrations (0.078–10.0 μg/ml) resulted in a typical inverted U-shaped function while etonitazene intake (μg/kg) increased directly with concentration. After drinking large quantities of etonitazene the rats showed ataxia, hyper-activity, and stereotypy. Extinction tests demonstrated that rats could discriminate between etonitazene and water on the basis of one dipper full of each liquid; the amount of etonitazene in one dipper was 0.0078 μg. Further tests showed that this discrimination was based on taste or immediate post-ingestional feedback rather than olfactory cues. An auditory stimulus was presented concurrently with responses on the drug lever; however, there was no difference in responding for the drug in the presence or absence of this stimulus except at the lowest concentration. After the extinction tests, when the lowest drug concentration was again available with concurrent water, responding was substantially higher in the presence of stimulus associated with availability of etonitazene. The results extend previous work on oral narcotic intake to a lever-press concurrent choice procedure which is sensitive to reinforcing effects of the drug at low concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427336
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Etonitazene as a reinforcer: Oral intake of etonitazene by rhesus monkeys (1978)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 59 (1978), S. 225-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Rhesus monkeys ; Etonitazene HCl ; Etonitazene concentration ; Etonitazene reinforcement ; Fixed-ratio schedules ; Etonitazene drinking ; Oral self-administration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Drinking of etonitazene HCl was studied in three rhesus monkeys during daily 3-h sessions. As the drug concentration was increased, the number of liquid deliveries decreased, and etonitazene intake (μg/kg body weight) increased. As fixed-ratio (FR) requirements were increased, rate of responding increased, and liquid deliveries slightly decreased. When water was substituted for the drug, there was a large increase in responding for several sessions, followed by a slow decline to low rates. When etonitazene was reintroduced, responding abruptly increased to previous drug levels. These data suggest that etonitazene can serve as a positive reinforcer when taken orally by rhesus monkeys.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00426626
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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