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  • 1975-1979  (1)
  • 1960-1964  (6)
  • Organic Chemistry  (7)
  • Solvatochromy
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  • Organic Chemistry  (7)
  • Solvatochromy
  • Chemistry  (7)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 43 (1960), S. 1942-1946 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Riboflavin and lumiflavin are shown to undergo condensations with aromatic aldehydes, giving rise to 8α-substituted derivatives with peculiar oxido-reductive properties, which are outlined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 43 (1960), S. 395-405 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The general instability of desoxy-isoalloxazines has been confirmed by studying the formation and decomposition of 4-phenyl-4-desoxy-isoalloxazines and -alloxazines. It has been shown, that the former (4-desoxy-flavins) may be synthesized in the semiquinonoid radical state. These radicals react with O2 or H2O2 with fission of the 4-substituents to give the analogous 4-oxo-compounds by a hydroperoxide rearrangement. In view of this instability, the oxinate like structure of flavin metal chelates may be excluded.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 43 (1960), S. 372-394 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The complex alkylation reactions of leucoflavin derivatives are shown to give O-substituted products of a new type rather than N-substituted ones. Characteristic differences in the chemical behaviour of (iso)alloxazines and of their leuco-compounds are outlined. Stabilization and decomposition of flavosemiquinones have been further studied. It is shown, that flavin catabolism (N-10-dealkylation) occurs in the semiquinonoid state at room temperature, and is neither confined to hydroxyalkylflavins, nor to specific catalysis by light. Based upon these and recent findings of other authors, a new mechanism of metal-catalysed flavin catabolism is proposed. 1,3,10-Trimethyl-leucoflavin was prepared and found to give a stabilized monomeric semiquinone on oxidation.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The behaviour of half reduced isoalloxazine (flavocoenzyme) systems, riboflavin and analogues, has been studied acidimetrically and spectrophotometrically in aqueous solution, in the presence or absence of non-redox d-metal ions. The metal has been found to combine selectively with the flavin semiquinone anion, forming deep red radical chelates with cornproportionation of the ligand system. Colour and reactivity of native metal-containing flavoenzymes might be explained satisfactorily by this. Reference has been made to biological conclusions advanced elsewhere.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 44 (1961), S. 1001-1011 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The strong bathochromic shift of the flavin spectra occurring by interaction with Ag+ can also be obtained with Cu+ and Hg2+, but not with other metalions. Two kinds of metal-isoalloxazin-interaction must be discerned, a loose one with the free ligand and a very strong one with the ligand anion. 1:1-Complexes are preferably built up, which are shown to be trigonal chelates of oxinate type and whose color is due to electron transfer from Ag+ to flavoquinone giving rise to a Ag2+-flavosemiquinone mesomeric state responsible for the specific chelating qualities.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: For a better understanding of structure and properties of heteroaromatic species involved in flavin catalysed electron transfer, an investigation has been made with suitable isoalloxazine models of flavo-coenzymes, e. g. 2- and 4-thio- and -iminoflavins, N- and O-alkylated flavins as well as N,N-, N,O-, O,O-dialkylated and unsubstituted leucoflavins and flavinium salts. From analyses of UV.-, visible, IR.- and ESR.-spectra at different redox-states, pH's and solvent polarities, the following conclusions can be drawn: 1In the oxidised state (“flavoquinonc”) flavin appears in the “diketo” form only. It is protonated at N(1). Its two “iminol-esters” (term to be preferred over “enolethers”) do not differ markedly in the visible and UV. absorption from the parent compound, but can be differentiated by their basicities. Both are “high energy” forms of flavin, the 2-isomers being more stable than the 4-isomers.2In the reduced state (“flavohydroquinone”) concentrated flavin solutions are, by long wave end-absorption, rendered more deeply coloured than in the oxidized state. The intensity of this absorption in the 500-700 mμ range appears to be a measure of molecular planarity.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1976 (1976), S. 2037-2057 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reductive Photoalkylation of the Flavin Nucleus; Structure and Reactivity of the PhotoproductsOn the basis of the manifold similarities between flavin photochemistry and flavin biocatalysis, we have made an effort toward systematic investigation of flavin-dependent photodehydrogenation: 3-benzyllumiflavin (1) reacts photochemically with carboxylic acids, e. g. 3-indoleacetic acid, phenoxyacetic acid and (tert-buty1thio)acetic acid, to give 4a-alkylated 4a,5-dihydro-flavin derivatives 3a-c and COz. In the presence of thiodiacetic acid and dithiodiacetic acid the 5-carboxymethyl-l,5-dihydroflavin derivative 4a and the 4a-carboxymethylthio derivative 3d, respectively, are formed.- Alkyl sulfides are attacked in the cr-position yielding 5-substituted 1,5-dihydroflavin derivatives, which undergo trans-elimination if P-CHz-groups are present; in the case of the thiolane the adduct 4d is found to be stable because of sterical hindrance. With benzaldehyde the 5-benzoyl-l,5-dihydro derivative 4e is formed. - Alkenes are attacked in the allylic position yielding 4a-alkylated 4a,5-dihydro derivatives, 3e - g. In the presence of 1,4-cyclohexadiene the 1,5-dihydroflavin 4c is formed, as also in the case of cycloheptatriene, where the resulting tropylium cation reoxidizes 4c back to 1. These reactions, which start from the first excited triplet state, do not necessarily proceed via radical pairs; in many cases they may be interpreted in terms of an electrophilic attack by the excited flavin (3F1,*). Cleavage of R-H into carbenium ion and hydride ion does not occur.- With some reasonable exceptions, the flavin substituents can be removed easily, although they are attached via 0-bonds. The preferred site of the flavin substitution depends on the nature of the substituent: electrophilic groups occur mainly at NS, nucleophilic ones at C4a.
    Notes: Ausgehend von der vielfachen Ähnlichkeit im chemischen Verhalten von lichtangeregtem Flavin und Proteingebundenem Flavin haben wir die Flavinabhängige Photodehydrierung systematisch untersucht: 3-Benzyllumiflavin (1) reagiert photochemisch mit Carbonsäuren wie 3-Indolessigsäure, Phenoxyessigsäure oder (tert-Buty1thio)essigsäure unter Decarboxylierung und Bildung der 4a-alkylierten 4a,S-Dihydroflavinderivate 3a- c. In Gegenwart von Thiodiessigsäure oder Dithiodiessigsäure entsteht das 5-Carboxymethyl-1,5-dihydroflavin-derivat 4 a bzw. das 4a-(Carboxymethy1thio)derivat 3d. - Alkylsulfide werden in α-Stellung unter Ausbildung von 5-substituierten 1,5-Dihydroflavinderivaten angegriffen, die, wenn β-CH2-Gruppen vorhanden sind, einer trans-Eliminierung unterliegen; im Fall des Thiolans ist das Addukt 4d aufgrund sterischer Hinderung stabil. Mit Benzaldehyd entsteht das 5-Benzoyl-l,5-dihydroderivat 4e. - Alkene werden in Allylstellung angegriffen, wobei die 4a-alkylierten 4a,5-Dihydroderivate 3e- g gebildet werden. Mit 1,4-Cyclohexadien entsteht 1,5-Dihydroflavin 4c ebenso wie mit Cycloheptatrien, im letzteren Fall oxidiert das entstandene Tropyliumkation im Dunkeln 4 c zu 1 zurück. Alle diese Reaktionen verlaufen über den ersten angeregten Triplettzustand; sie erfordern nicht notwendigerweise Radikalpaare,sondern können viel eher als ein elektrophiler Angriff des angeregten Flavins (3FlOx*) verstanden werden. Eine Spaltung von R-H in Carbeniumion und Hydridion tritt also nicht auf. - Die Flavinsubstituenten sind bis auf verständliche Ausnahmen äußerst leicht wieder abzuspalten, obwohl hier σ-Bindungen vorliegen. Der Ort der Fixierung des Substrates am Flavin hängt von der Natur des Substituenten ab : Elektrophile Gruppen treten vorzugsweise an N5, nucleophile an C4a auf.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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