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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (29)
  • Benign prostatic hyperplasia
  • Cyclic AMP
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scanning electron microscopy of hyperplastic and neoplastic human prostate (1976)
    Springer
    Urological research 4 (1976), S. 71-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Benign prostatic hyperplasia ; Prostatic adenocarcinoma ; Scanning electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Acinar cells of neoplastic prostate tissues are more heterogeneous in size and shape than benign hyperplastic cells when observed by scanning electron microscopy. Three types of acinar cells are recognizable by surface structure, cells with microvilli, cells without microvilli, and cells with membrane ruffles. The pitted cells previously seen in BPH tissues are probably artifactual. The identity of the crater cells is still in question.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00256320
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scanning and transmission electron microscopy of human prostatic acinar cells (1977)
    Springer
    Urological research 5 (1977), S. 185-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Benign prostatic hyperplasia ; Prostatic adenocarcinoma ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Transmission electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Benign hyperplastic and neoplastic human prostate tissue samples were obtained by needle biopsy, transurethral resection or open prostatectomy. Acinar cells of both types of tissues were examined in the scanning electron microscope. It had been reported previously that adenocarcinoma acinar cells were more heterogenous in size and shape than BPH acinar cells; the purpose of this study was to determine if there were surface morphology differences between the two types of tissues. Acinar cells were found to be extremely heterogeneous in their surface morphologies; three major types of surface morphologies were present-microvillous, ruffled, and bare. Within each class of surface morphology there was heterogeneity, both in the size and density, of surface structures present. Microvillous, ruffled, and bare cells appeared to be present in normal, BPH, and neoplastic acini with no significant qualitative or quantitative differences in surface morphologies. Infrequently, it was possible to distinguish between well-differentiated and poorly-differentiated carcinomas because cells of the latter tissues were present in sheets rather than acini and appeared flat and totally devoid of surface detail. The SEM studies also sought to determine a marker to establish the origin of prostate tissue culture cells as normal, BPH or cancerous. Surface morphologies from tissues could be traced into the tissue cultures; again, three types of cells are presentbare, microvillous, and ruffled. However, since surface morphology does not appear to be a distinguishing feature of the pathology of the tissue if cannot provide a distinguishing marker for the origin of tissue culture cells. Scanning electron microscopy also provided an opportunity to observe possible secretory mechanisms and products in the prostate acinar cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00263735
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stimulation of calcium uptake into aortic microsomes by cyclic AMP and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (1977)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 298 (1977), S. 255-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Calcium ; Cyclic AMP ; Vascular smooth muscle ; Microsomal vesicles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Enhancement of calcium uptake into rabbit aortic microsomes was seen at a cyclic AMP concentration of 10−6M in the presence of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (ATP: protein phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.37). Protein kinase alone also increased calcium uptake, but cyclic AMP alone was without effect. The results suggest that stimulation of calcium sequestration may be the mechanism of cyclic AMP involvement in vascular smooth muscle relaxation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00500896
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of thermooxidative aging on the fatigue behavior of a structural adhesiveCorrected proofs received September 19, 1984 (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 29 (1984), S. 3499-3511 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The kinetics of autoxidation of FM-73U, a rubber-modified epoxy adhesive, were investigated by Fourier transform infrared analysis. Absorbance spectra for thin samples aged in hot, moist, oxygen-rich environments were used to assess a plausible reaction mechanism; rate constants, Arrhenius plots, and oxidation rates were determined. Concurrently, crack growth rates were measured on specimens which had been exposed to similar environments for periods of up to 8 months. Paris parameters measured in these tests were correlated with the results of the oxidation studies. These correlations were used to predict the crack growth rate of the adhesive after 10 years of aging in ambient conditions. Although the prediction indicates that the adhesive becomes more brittle with age, the changes are not severe.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1984.070291125
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two-Dimensional polymerization of supramolecular assemblies: Synthesis and bilayer polymerization of lipids containing α-methylene-substituted acyl chains (1994)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 32 (1994), S. 1437-1445 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: supramolecular assembly ; lipid ; bilayer ; 2D polymerization ; radical polymerization ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polymerization of lipid assemblies may be usefully employed to alter the properties of the assemblies. The possible locations of the reactive group in the lipids include (1) the chain terminus, (2) the head group, and (3) near the lipid backbone. The third strategy yields polymerized assemblies which retain their head group functionality and lipid chain motion. We have designed and synthesized new members of this later category by the use of 2-methylene-substituted acyl chains. The main transition temperature (Tm) from gel to liquid crystalline phase of hydrated bilayers of 1-palmitoyl-2-(2-methylene)palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (1) and the disubstituted 1,2-bis(2-methylenepalmitoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (2) were 33.6 and 25.3°C, respectively. The Tm of the mono-substituted 1-oleoyl-2-(2-methylene)palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (3) bilayers was detected in a range from -15 to -10°C by x-ray diffraction. Hydrated bilayers of each individual lipid were successfully polymerized with a water-soluble initiator, azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPD). These results indicate the lipid 2-methylene groups are accessible to the water interface. Thermal polymerization of the mono-substituted lipids in aqueous suspensions with AAPD, yielded oligomers. However the bis-2-methylene PC (2) was successfully polymerized to yield stabilized crosslinked bilayers. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1994.080320805
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Free radical exit in emulsion polymerization. II. Model discrimination via experiment (1994)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 32 (1994), S. 631-649 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: free radical ; exit ; emulsion ; polymerization ; experiment ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In emulsion polymerizations, desorption (exit) from latex particles of monomeric radical species that arise from transfer can be an important determinant of the overall kinetics. An examination of various methodologies for the testing of postulated free radical exit mechanisms is made. These utilize the model descriptions for the exit process presented in the accompanying article of Casey et al., employing data consisting of conversion as a function of time for the approach to steady state polymerization conditions. Experimental data are presented on the exit rate coefficients as a function of such experimental parameters as: particle size, monomer concentration, and aqueous-phase free-radical concentration for a series of styrene polymerizations at 50°C, where the average number of free radicals per particle (n̄) never exceeds 0.5. It is demonstrated for these systems that while the conversion/time dependence from a single run, under conditions sensitive to exit, is insensitive to mechanistic assumptions as to the fate of desorbed free radicals, the variation of the exit rate coefficient with particle size so obtained suggests a second order dependence on n̄, implying complete re-entry of desorbed free radicals under all conditions studied. Once the monomeric radicals have re-entered, they are more likely to remain inside the particle where they will either propagate or undergo termination rather than re-escape. The article also presents an estimate for the rate coefficient at 50°C of the first propagation step of the monomeric radical subsequent to transfer. The conclusions drawn here for seeded systems should prove useful for study of particle nucleation mechanisms, when exit is particularly likely in small, newly formed, particles. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1994.080320403
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Termination-rate coefficients in methyl methacrylate polymerizations (1986)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 1027-1041 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: It is shown that, by observing the kinetics of the seeded emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate with and without added chain-transfer agent, and using γ-radiolytic initiation, it is possible to examine separately the effects of the length of the growing chain and of the weight fraction of polymer on the termination rate coefficient. Studies using this technique confirm predictions that chain entanglement causes translational diffusion to be the rate-determining termination event for growing chains of lower molecular weight, while the rate-determining termination event for growing chains of higher molecular weight is “residual,” the annihilation encounter being caused by excess chain end mobility of two growing chains in a viscous medium. The data show unambiguously that free-volume theories which do not incorporate the molecular weight of the growing chain are inapplicable to this system.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1986.080240518
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Talking point. Are free radicals involved in biodegradation of implanted polymers? (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials 3 (1991), S. 623-626 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-9648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.19910031213
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Challenges in Materials for Health Care Applications (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials 1 (1989), S. 164-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-9648
    Keywords: Implanted Devices ; Tissue Replacements ; Biocompatible Polymers ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Important issues face the use of advanced materials in medical applications. It is now possible to replace or augment many tissues and parts of the body by implanted devices, but there are still severe limitations to functions they are able to perform and problems associated with their compatibility with the tissues. Biomaterials of the future need to simulate more closely the tissues they are replacing and both the current position and future outlook are reviewed in this light.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.19890010507
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerized model biomembranesPaper presented at the meeting of the GDCH-Fachgruppe “Makromolekulare Chemie” on “Polymers and Biological Functions” in Bad Nauheim (West Germany) on April 18/19, 1988. (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 166 (1989), S. 21-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Over the past two decades lipid bilayer membranes have served as effective models for biomembranes. Pure lipid membranes allow investigators to probe the behavior of different classes of lipids in lamellar and nonlamellar phases. Nonlamellar phases are of current interest because of their considerable importance in cellular permeability, fusion, endo- and exocytosis. The reconstitution of biological membranes from purified protein and lipid components has proven to be a convenient method for the study of protein-lipid interactions and membrane protein functionality. The introduction of methods to polymerize lipid bilayers in the early 1980s, now provides researchers with new ways to prepare and characterize model biomembranes. This report summarizes three areas of research on polymerized model membranes: 1) the enhancement of chemical stability and reduction in bilayer permeability by polymerization of single component membranes; 2) the polymerization induced domain formation in two-component membranes, which is accompanied by membrane destabilization when one of the lipid components prefers a nonlamellar structure; and 3) the successful reconstitution of a purified delipidated membrane protein, rhodopsin, into partially polymerized bilayer membranes with retention of both protein functionality and phospholipid surface biocompatibility.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1989.051660102
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