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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Endocrine cells ; Gut ; Neurotensin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Comparative studies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Endocrine cells displaying neurotensin immunoreactivity are found scattered in the jejuno-ileum of all mammals studied, including man. They are rather scarce in rat, guinea pig, rabbit and pig and fairly numerous in cat, dog and man. In most mammals the neurotensin cells predominate on the villi. Only in the dog are they more numerous in the crypts. In the chicken, neurotensin cells occur all along the intestinal tract. They are particularly numerous in the zone that joins the gizzard with the duodenum. The ontogeny of the neurotensin cells in the gut was studied in rats and chickens. In the rat, the cells are first observed in the jejuno-ileum immediately before birth. The adult frequency is reached 4–5 days later. In the chicken, neurotensin cells first appear in the colon in the 18 day old embryo and in the small intestine two days later (i.e. one or two days before hatching). A few days after hatching, the gut has achieved the adult number of neurotensin cells per unit area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) ; Peptidergic nerves ; Endocrine cells ; Gut ; Chicken
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-immunoreactive nerves were abundant along the entire digestive tract of the chicken. In the proventriculus, gizzard and small intestine VIP nerves were numerous around glands and less numerous in the smooth muscle. Submucosal blood vessels were often encircled by VIP nerves. VIP nerves were also seen in the submucosal and myenteric plexus. In the large intestines the VIP innervation of the smooth muscle was more predominant, while there was a rather sparse supply of VIP nerves around the base of the crypts. This innervation pattern was a consistent finding with four different VIP antisera. VIP-immunoreactive cells, however, were demonstrated with only three of the antisera. They were found scattered in the epithelium of the proventriculus and small and large intestines. The failure of one of the antisera to demonstrate endocrine cells suggests that the VIP-immunoreactive material in these cells differs from that in nerves. Conceivably, the material present in nerves represents VIP, while that in endocrine cells represents cross-reacting peptides or other molecular forms of VIP. VIP nerves appeared comparatively early in embryonic development. They appeared in the upper part of the digestive tract at 13 days of incubation and in the colon a few days before hatching; at this stage, only smooth muscle received VIP nerves. The “adult” pattern of innervation was established about two to four weeks after hatching. VIP-immunoreactive endocrine cells appeared in the intestines a few days before hatching. The “adult” frequency of occurrence was established about one week after hatching.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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