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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identifying responders to acid suppression in dyspepsia using a random starting day trial (2000)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 14 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Functional dyspepsia is a heterogeneous condition and a uniform response to drug treatment is not likely. This may be the reason for the general failure of acid suppression in clinical trials in these patients. It may be more rewarding to identify true responders to drug treatment by a single subject trial.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Aim:To develop and to test a novel single subject trial design (random starting day trial) in dyspeptic patients.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Patients and methods:A total of 301 dyspeptic patients entered a 16-day trial. All patients received placebo for the first 4 days and switched to omeprazole at a randomized and blinded day between day 5 and day 14. Response was defined as a sustained ≥ 50% decrease in symptom score occurring in relation to drug shifting.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Results:Spontaneous response varied between 0.3% and 10.6% per day, uniformly distributed over time. Overall, 53–61% of patients with organic dyspepsia had a symptom response in relation to shifting to active treatment, compared to only 23% of patients with functional dyspepsia. The only predictor of response was symptoms suggesting gastro-oesophageal reflux.〈section xml:id="abs1-5"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusions:A random starting day trial may be a valuable tool to identify response to acid suppression in dyspeptic patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2000.00866.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of anti-secretory medication: a population-based cohort study (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 20 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Total use of anti-secretory medication (H2 blockers and proton pump inhibitors) is increasing rapidly, but knowledge of factors related to the increasing use is sparse.Aim : To describe development in the use of anti-secretory medication between 1993 and 2002 at a population level.Methods : We extracted data on use of anti-secretory medication (H2-blockers and proton pump inhibitors) and ulcerogenic drugs, demographic data, and data on gastroscopy and endoscopically verified oesophagitis and peptic ulcer diagnoses, from three large population-based databases covering the County of Funen, Denmark 1990–2002 (population 470 000).Results : Between 1993 and 2002 incidence of first time users was stable at 16.7/1000 persons/year. Total amount of consumed anti-secretory medication increased from 10.5 DDD/1000 persons/day to 25.2 DDD/1000 persons/day. Ninety per cent of the increase was related to long-term use of anti-secretory medication (≥180 DDD/patient/year). In 1993 21% of the anti-secretory medication was used by patients with oesophagitis, this increased to 28% in 2002. The proportion of medication used by peptic ulcer patients decreased from 29% in 1993 to 19% in 2002.Conclusions : Total use of anti-secretory medication increased as a result of more extensive long-term use, and most of the medication was used by patients without diagnosed peptic ulcer or oesophagitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.02120.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The antihypertensive effect of a new beta-blocking agent pindolol compared with chlorthalidone (1973)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 5 (1973), S. 210-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Hypertension ; chlorthalidone ; pindolol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The antihypertensive effect of a new beta-blocking agent, pindolol, has been compared with that of chlorthalidone (Hygroton) in a double-blind-cross-over-trial using fixed doses twice a day. 35 men, aged 40–59 years, were studied, 21 with grade I hypertension and 14 with grade II (WHO classification). — At rest, no difference was found between the two drugs in their effect of lowering the blood pressure. During exercise, pindolol decreased the systolic blood pressure more than chlorthalidone; no differences were found in the diastolic blood pressures. The blood pressure lowering effects after exercise were also the same. — The heart rate was significantly slowed by pindolol at rest and during and after exercise, whereas chlorthalidone caused an increased rate at rest but not during exercise. The pulse pressure product was decreased at rest, and during and after exercise on treatment with pindolol. It was not changed significantly at rest during chlorthalidone treatment, but fell during exercise, although not to the same extent as during pindolol treatment. — None of the drugs caused any serious side effects. No major differences were found in side effects or patient preferences. — It is concluded that both drugs are useful antihypertensive agents. At present there is no reason to prefer one or the other for general use.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00567005
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma secretin in response to pure bile salts and endogenous bile in man (1985)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 30 (1985), S. 440-444 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of exogenous bile salts on plasma concentrations of secretin was studied by infusion of chenodeoxycholate, cholate, glycocholate, and taurocholate into the duodenum of normal subjects. The effect of endogenous bile on plasma secretin was studied by ingestion of a liquid test meal, by reinfusion of postprandial duodenal aspirates with known contents of bile salts, and by stimulation of gallbladder contraction by cholecystokinin. Each experiment was performed in groups of seven subjects. The relative secretin-releasing potencies of glycocholate, cholate, taurocholate and chenodeoxycholate (2.25 mmol) were 1.0∶1.3∶1.9∶3.2. Hydrochloric acid (0.5 mmol) was, on a molar basis, approximately ten times more potent than sodium cholate. The effect of taurocholate was diminished when a liquid meal was used as vehicle instead of saline. Endogenous bile did, in no circumstance, elicit release of secretin. It is concluded that although bile salts have the ability to stimulate secretin release, endogenous secretin release is of minor, if any, importance for secretin release when physiological conditions are approached.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01318176
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The plasma concentrations of secretin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) after long-term, strenuous exercise (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 52 (1983), S. 5-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Physical exercise ; Secretin ; Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide ; Glucose
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twelve subjects (aged 21–38 years) participated in a 90-km cross-country ski race lasting 4.45–6.50 h. In order to investigate a metabolic role for secretin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) during long-term strenuous exercise, seven of the subjects were given an oral hypertonic glucose solution while the others had no nutrient intake immediately after the race. The plasma concentrations of secretin and VIP were greatly increased immediately after the race, and the levels were not normalized within 140 min, though there was a significant decrease after 80 min with rest. The post-race plasma levels of secretin and VIP showed a rapid and very marked decrease 15 min after ingestion of glucose, and the plasma levels had returned to control levels 60 min and 15 min respectively after glucose loading. The results indicate some metabolic function for secretin and VIP during long-term physical exercise.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00429017
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of oleic acid and endogenous bile on duodenal secretion of somatostatin in man (1992)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 37 (1992), S. 1025-1028 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: bile salts ; oleic acid ; pancreatic secretion ; somatostatin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We studied the effects of intraduodenal oleic acid on the release of somatostatin to plasma and the correlation between endogenous bile output and plasma somatostatin. In five normal persons infusion of 0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mM oleic acid dose-dependently increased the levels of somatostatin during as well as after gallbladder emptying. The difference between somatostatin concentration during and after gallbladder emptying was not significant. The amylase secretion also was significantly correlated to the dose of fat, whereas the output of bile salts was the same for all fat doses used. Our observations indicate that intraduodenal oleic acid-and not bile salts-releases somatostatin from the gut.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01300282
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cellular localization and ontogeny of immunoreactive Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in the chicken gut (1979)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 196 (1979), S. 193-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) ; Peptidergic nerves ; Endocrine cells ; Gut ; Chicken
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-immunoreactive nerves were abundant along the entire digestive tract of the chicken. In the proventriculus, gizzard and small intestine VIP nerves were numerous around glands and less numerous in the smooth muscle. Submucosal blood vessels were often encircled by VIP nerves. VIP nerves were also seen in the submucosal and myenteric plexus. In the large intestines the VIP innervation of the smooth muscle was more predominant, while there was a rather sparse supply of VIP nerves around the base of the crypts. This innervation pattern was a consistent finding with four different VIP antisera. VIP-immunoreactive cells, however, were demonstrated with only three of the antisera. They were found scattered in the epithelium of the proventriculus and small and large intestines. The failure of one of the antisera to demonstrate endocrine cells suggests that the VIP-immunoreactive material in these cells differs from that in nerves. Conceivably, the material present in nerves represents VIP, while that in endocrine cells represents cross-reacting peptides or other molecular forms of VIP. VIP nerves appeared comparatively early in embryonic development. They appeared in the upper part of the digestive tract at 13 days of incubation and in the colon a few days before hatching; at this stage, only smooth muscle received VIP nerves. The “adult” pattern of innervation was established about two to four weeks after hatching. VIP-immunoreactive endocrine cells appeared in the intestines a few days before hatching. The “adult” frequency of occurrence was established about one week after hatching.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00240095
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