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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ethanol drinking by rhesus monkeys as a function of concentration (1978)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 57 (1978), S. 133-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Rhesus monkeys ; Ethanol reinforcement ; Ethanol concentration ; Blood ethanol level ; Ethanol drinking ; Fixed-ratio schedules ; Intoxication
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Ethanol deliveries maintained fixed-ratio (FR) responding of three rhesus monkeys during daily 3-h sessions. At FR values of 8 or 16, ethanol concentration was varied in the sequence 0 (water), 8, 11.3, 16, 22.6, 32, 8, and 0% (w/v). As the ethanol concentration increased, number of liquid deliveries decreased, although intake of ethanol (g/kg/session) increased somewhat. Blood ethanol levels were usually greater than 200 mg% and occasionally greater than 300 mg%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00426877
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Etonitazene as a reinforcer: Oral intake of etonitazene by rhesus monkeys (1978)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 59 (1978), S. 225-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Rhesus monkeys ; Etonitazene HCl ; Etonitazene concentration ; Etonitazene reinforcement ; Fixed-ratio schedules ; Etonitazene drinking ; Oral self-administration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Drinking of etonitazene HCl was studied in three rhesus monkeys during daily 3-h sessions. As the drug concentration was increased, the number of liquid deliveries decreased, and etonitazene intake (μg/kg body weight) increased. As fixed-ratio (FR) requirements were increased, rate of responding increased, and liquid deliveries slightly decreased. When water was substituted for the drug, there was a large increase in responding for several sessions, followed by a slow decline to low rates. When etonitazene was reintroduced, responding abruptly increased to previous drug levels. These data suggest that etonitazene can serve as a positive reinforcer when taken orally by rhesus monkeys.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00426626
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Larval adhesive organs and metamorphosis in ascidians (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 183 (1977), S. 423-444 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ascidian larva ; Adhesive papillae ; Settlement ; Myoepithelial cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The larva of Distaplia occidentalis bears three cup-shaped adhesive papillae, each with a prominent axial protrusion. At the onset of metamorphosis these organs rapidly evert through fenestrations in the cuticular layers of tunic exposing hyaline caps of adhesive. Additional adhesive material is secreted from collocytes during eversion. The stickiness of the papillae facilitates attachment to a variety of substrates. Each papilla is composed of more than 900 cells; six different types were identified. The wall of the cup contains about 260 myoepithelial cells with long attenuated processes. These extend from the rim of the cup to the base in the parietal (inner) layer. The apices of the myoepithelial cells are held in place by 11 pairs of specialized anchor cells bearing long bulbous microvilli. When the myoepithelial cells contract they force the axial protrusion forward and transform the papilla into a hyperboloidal configuration. The papilla is innervated by small motor fibers, but sensory fibers were not detected. The adhesive papillae of Distaplia are discussed in relationship to nine other recognizable types of papillae in the ascidians.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225658
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brachiopod tentacles: Ultrastructure and functional significance of the connective tissue and myoepithelial cells in Terebratalia (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 185 (1977), S. 17-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Brachiopod tentacles ; Connective tissue ; Myoepithelial cells ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structure of the tentacles of the articulate brachiopod Terebratalia transversa has been studied by light and electron microscopy. The epidermis consists of a simple epithelium that is ciliated in frontal and paired latero-frontal or latero-abfrontal longitudinal tracts. Bundles of unsheathed nerve fibers extend longitudinally between the bases of the frontal epidermal cells and appear to end on the connective tissue cylinder; no myoneural junctions were found. The acellular connective tissue cylinder in each tentacle is composed of orthogonal arrays of collagen fibrils embedded in an amorphous matrix. Baffles of parallel crimped collagen fibrils traverse the connective tissue cylinder in regions where it buckles during flexion of the tentacle. The tentacular peritoneum consists of four cell types: 1) common peritoneal cells that line the lateral walls of the coelomic canal, 2) striated and 3) smooth myoepithelial cells that extend along the frontal and abfrontal sides of the coelomic canal, and 4) squamous smooth myoepithelial cells that comprise the tentacular blood channel. Experimental manipulations of a tentacle indicate that its movements are effected by the interaction of the tentacular contractile apparatus and the resilience of the supportive connective tissue cylinder. The frontal contractile bundle is composed of a central group of striated fibers and two lateral groups of smooth fibers which function to flex the tentacle and to hold it down, respectively. The small abfrontal group of smooth myoepithelial cells effects the re-extension of the tentacle, in conjunction with the passive resiliency of the connective tissue cylinder and the concomitant relaxation of the frontal contractile bundle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226666
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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