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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of naturally occurring substances. XXV. Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectral analysis of tobramycin and related antibiotics (1974)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 96 (1974), S. 3300-3305 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00817a045
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  • 2
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    Unknown
    Messias und Sündenvergebung in Jesaja 53-Targum (1972)
    Leiden : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Journal for the Study of Judaism in the Persian, Hellenistic, and Roman Period. 3 (1972) 117-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 0047-2212
    Topics: History , Theology and Religious Studies
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:v021-1972-003-00-000008
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    155. Zur Immuntherapie der akuten Tetanuserkrankung (1969)
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 325 (1969), S. 952-954 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Unter den 32 Patienten, die in der Zeit zwischen 1966 und 1968 mit manifester Tetanuserkrankung zur stationären Behandlung kamen, waren 21 weder aktiv noch passiv immunisiert worden. Die übrigen 11 hatten teils Tetanol, teils heterologes Serum oder eine Kombination beider erhalten. Nach der stationären Aufnahme wurden alle aktiv immunisiert und mit heterologem oder homologem Serum behandelt. Bestimmungen des neutralisierenden Antitoxintiters zeigten bei vergleichbarer Dosierung die Überlegenheit des humanen Hyperimmunglobulins. Aus immunologischen Überlegungen wird bei manifester Erkrankung die Gabe von homologem Serum empfohlen.
    Notes: Summary Amongst the 32 patients, who came to us for hospital treatment for manifest tetanus between 1966 and 1968, 21 were neither actively nor passively immunised. The remaining 11 had received either Tetanol or heterologous serum or a combination of the two. After admission to hospital, they were all actively immunised and treated with either heterologous or homologous serum. Determination of the neutralising antitoxin titres demonstrated the superiority of the human hyper-immunoglobulin using comparative dosage. As a result of immunological consideration, we would recommend administration of homologous serum in cases, where the disease is manifest.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01256051
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extrarenal actions of aldosterone antagonists in guinea pigs (1973)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 279 (1973), S. 9-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Aldosterone Antagonists ; β-Methyl-Digoxin ; Guinea Pigs ; Potassium ; Cardiac Toxicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of aldosterone antagonists on the cardiotoxicity of β-methyl-digoxin in guinea pigs were investigated in vivo and in vitro. 1. Three days of pretreatment with spironolactone influenced neither plasma concentrations, urinary output and tissue distribution of radioactivity after intravenous injection of β-methyl-digoxin nor the pattern of lipid soluble metabolites in the urine. 2. Spironolactone injected intraduodenally 1 h before the infusion of β-methyl-digoxin decreased the cardiotoxicity of the latter if hypokalemia was reduced or prevented by giving 0.4–1.0 mEq/kg KCl 1 h before β-methyl-digoxin. 3. Three days of pretreatment with canrenoate-K decreased the cardiotoxicity of β-methyl-digoxin in vivo without the administration of KCl. 4. Isolated hearts from guinea pigs pretreated with canrenoate-K for 3 days tolerated the perfusion with toxic concentrations of β-methyl-digoxin better than those from controls although the rate of potassium extrusion from the heart was not decreased. 5. The addition of canrenone to the fluid perfusing isolated hearts decreased the potassium extrusion produced by and the toxicity of β-methyl-digoxin. The results suggest that the decreased glycoside toxicity is due to the stimulation of inward transport of potassium by aldosterone-antagonists described in the preceding paper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00502063
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    β-Methyl-digoxin (1974)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 282 (1974), S. 9-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Cardiac Glycosides ; Distribution ; Guinea Pigs ; Protein Binding ; Therapeutic Ratio
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In guinea pigs under urethane anaesthesia the concentrations of radioactivity in the plasma, the liver and the heart and the protein binding of radioactivity were measured 1 h after the intravenous injection of 0.2 μmoles/kg β-methyldigoxin or digoxin. The distribution coefficients were calculated between the concentrations in the plasma water and the tissues. Apart from a slightly higher distribution coefficient for β-methyl-digoxin than for digoxin between liver and plasma water there was no significant difference between the two glycosides. In guinea pigs under barbital anaesthesia, cardiac failure was produced by additional doses of barbital-Na. Bemegride was given to counteract the effects of barbital on the vasomotor centre. β-Methyl-digoxin and digoxin were infused until cardiac arrest. For each animal the doses were calculated which led to an increase in cardiac performance by 50 g · cm/sec, arrhythmia, ventricular fibrillation or cardiac arrest. The therapeutic range was calculated from the doses producing arrhythmias and those increasing cardiac performance by 50 g · cm/sec (“therapeutic” dose). There was no difference between the “therapeutic” and toxic doses and the therapeutic ratios of β-methyl-digoxin and digoxin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00647399
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  • 6
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    Ezra and the Origins of Judaism (1974)
    Manchester : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Journal of Semitic studies. 19 (1974) 173 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-4480
    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , Ethnic Sciences
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:4126-1974-019-00-000008
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    β-Methyl-digoxin (1972)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 272 (1972), S. 32-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Cardioglycoside ; Labelled Compound ; Absorption ; Cardiac Output ; Guinea-Pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Glycosides were injected into a ligated loop of the small intestine of guinea-pigs under urethane anaesthesia. From the residual radioactivity in the intestinal loop at various times after the injection the amount absorbed was determined and from that the rate of absorption, assuming exponential absorption. β-Methyl-digoxin was absorbed more rapidly than digoxin and its derivatives β-acetyl-digoxin and lanatoside C but slower than digitoxin. β-Methyl-digoxin was much better absorbed from a suspension than from a solution; this caused the difference from digitoxin to disappear to a large extent. The high rate of absorption of β-methyl-digoxin in humans is probably explicable in this way. The rate of absorption of β-methyl-digoxin was independent of the dose until the appearance of arrhythmias; it decreased with progressing intoxication. Absorption was delayed when cardiac output was decreased by barbital anaesthesia. The amount absorbed at the onset of arrhythmias can be calculated from the injected dose, the rate of absorption and the time. For β-methyl-digoxin and digoxin it corresponded to the effective doses determined by intravenous infusion and to the cardiotoxicity after intraduodenal injection. The cardiotoxicity of β-acetyl-digoxin and digitoxin was less than that expected from the amounts absorbed suggesting metabolic inactivation during absorption. The relative enteral activity is not only determined by the absorption but also by the rate of elimination. The rate at which the material should leave the intestine in order to maintain arrhythmia was calculated. It was considerably greater for digitoxin than for β-methyl-digoxin or digoxin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00498792
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    β-Methyl-digoxin (1972)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 272 (1972), S. 46-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Cardioglycoside ; Labelled Compound ; Drug Metabolism ; Pharmacokinetics ; Absorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary β-Methyl-digoxin was much more resistant to enzymatic degradation than digoxin, β-acetyl-digoxin and digitoxin. Only in the bile was an appreciable percentage of the radioactivity attributable to a hydrophilic metabolite. The distribution volume of β-methyl-digoxin increased with time, but was independent of the dose and of the mode of administration. The blood levels during i. v. infusion and after i. d. injection can be used for calculating the speed of absorption during the first 20 min only. The correlations between blood levels and pharmacodynamic activity were investigated by varying the dose injected intraduodenally or the speed of i. v. infusion. Although the effective doses were constant, the blood levels expected at the onset of arrhythmias decreased with decreasing speed of administration. Signs of acute tolerance were observed when the experiment lasted for more than 30 min. In the heart, the equilibrium between blood and tissue levels of radioactivity was reached sooner than in the rest of the body. Whereas maximal blood levels were observed about 30 min after oral administration in man, they continued to rise for at least 60 min after i.d. injection in guineapigs. This confirms earlier observations that β-methyl-digoxin is absorbed more rapidly in man than in guinea-pigs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00498793
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intratubulärer Druck, glomerulärer Capillardruck und Glomerulumfiltrat nach Furosemid und Hydrochlorothiazid (1967)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 295 (1967), S. 80-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Glomerulumfiltrat, proximaler intratubulärer Druck bei freiem Fluß und proximaler intratubulärer Druck nach Blockade des Tubulus wurden an narkotisierten Ratten vor und nach i.v. Injektion von Hydrochlorothiazid (Esidrix) oder von Furosemid (Lasix) gemessen. Nach Injektion beider Verbindungen stieg der intratubuläre Druck bei freiem Fluß mit zunehmendem Harnfluß an. Nach Hydrochlorothiazid nahm das Glomerulumfiltrat proportional zum Anstieg des intratubulären Druckes ab. Der intratubuläre Druck nach Blockade des Tubulus änderte sich dabei nicht. Nach Furosemid änderte sich das Glomerulumfiltrat nicht oder stieg leicht an, während der intratubuläre Druck nach Blockade des Tubulus sich deutlich erhöhte. Die Ergebnisse werden dahingehend interpretiert, daß nach Hydrochlorothiazid der glomeruläre Capillardruck konstant bleibt und daß die Abnahme des Glomerulumfiltrates allein durch den Anstieg des intratubulären Druckes bedingt ist. Andererseits führt Furosemid zu einem Anstieg des glomerulären Capillardruckes, der dem des intratubulären Druckes etwa entspricht. Dadurch bleibt nach Furosemid der effektive Filtrationsdruck und das Glomerulumfiltrat, selbst bei sehr hohem Harnfluß, konstant.
    Notes: Summary Glomerular filtration rate, proximal intratubular pressure during free-flow and proximal intratubular stop-flow pressure were measured in anesthetized rats before and after intravenous injection of hydrochlorothiazide (Esidrix) or of furosemide (Lasix). After injection of each compound, the intratubular free-flow pressure increased with increased rates of urine flow. With hydrochlorothiazide, the glomerular filtration rate decreased in proportion to the increased intratubular pressure whereas the intratubular stop-flow pressure remained constant. With furosemide, the glomerular filtration rate either did not change or increased slightly and the intratubular stop-flow pressure rose markedly. The results are interpreted to mean that hydrochlorothiazide does not influence the glomerular capillary pressure and that the fall in glomerular filtration rate is solely due to the increased intratubular pressure. In contrast, furosemide raises the glomerular capillary pressure to about the same extent as the intratubular pressure increases. Therefore, effective filtration pressure and glomerular filtration rate remain constant, even at very high rates of urine flow.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00363906
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intratubulärer Druck, glomerulärer Capillardruck und Glomerulumfiltrat während Mannit-Diurese (1967)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 295 (1967), S. 72-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Glomerulumfiltrat, proximaler intratubulärer Druck bei freiem Fluß und proximaler intratubulärer Druck nach Blockade des Tubulus wurden an narkotisierten Ratten vor und während Infusion von hypertoner Mannit-Lösung gemessen. Der intratubuläre Druck bei freiem Fluß stieg mit ansteigendem Harnfluß an, während das Glomerulumfiltrat proportional zum Anstieg des intratubulären Druckes abnahm. Der intratubuläre Druck nach Blockade des Tubulus änderte sich nicht. Die Ergebnisse werden dahingehend interpretiert, daß die Abnahme des Glomerulumfiltrates während starker osmotischer Diurese allein durch den Anstieg des intratubulären Druckes bedingt ist und daß Mannit den glomerulären Capillardruck nicht beeinflußt.
    Notes: Summary Glomerular filtration rate, proximal intratubular pressure during free-flow and proximal intratubular stop-flow pressure were measured in anesthetized rats before and during infusion of hypertonic solution of mannitol. The intratubular free-flow pressure increased with increased rates of urne flow whereas the glomerular filtration rate decreased in proportion to the increased intratubular pressure. The intratubular stop-flow pressure did not change during mannitol diuresis. The results are interpreted to mean that the decrease in glomerular filtration rate during osmotic diuresis is solely due to the increased intratubular pressure and that mannitol does not affect the glomerular capillary pressure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00363905
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