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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Bei 20 Meerschweinchen wurde versucht, eine experimentelle allergische Neuritis (EAN) durch Kaninchennervemulsion hervorzurufen. 14 Tiere erkrankten nach 3–5 Wochen mit deutlichen Lähmungen. 2. Die Tibialisnerven der erkrankten Tiere zeigten histologisch Herde mit segmentaler Entmarkung. 3. Die mittlere Leitungsgeschwindigkeit der schnellsten Aα-Fasern des N. tibialis war von 62,5 m/sec in den Kontrollen auf 48,2 m/sec bei EAN reduziert. 4. Die Refraktärperiode war in den Aα- und Aβ-Fasern der erkrankten Nerven länger als in den Kontrollen. Entsprechend war die Fähigkeit, kurze frequente Reizserien frequenzgetreu zu übermitteln, in den Tibialisnerven der erkrankten Tiere vermindert. 5. Mit abnehmendem Reizintervall stieg die Leitungszeit in den pathologisch veränderten Nerven stärker an als in den Kontrollen. 6. Die Veränderungen der elektrophysiologischen Daten werden als Folge der segmentalen Entmarkung bei EAN aufgefaßt. Ähnliche Abwandlungen elektrophysiologischer Daten sind während der Myelogenese bekannt. 7. Bei Meerschweinchen wurde vergeblich versucht, eine typische EAN durch Meerschweinchennervenhomogenat zu erzeugen. Die schweren Lähmungserscheinungen werden als Folge einer experimentellen allergischen Encephalitis (EAE) gedeutet.
    Notes: Summary In order to evoke an experimental allergic neuritis (EAN) an emulsion of rabbit nerve was injected into the hind limbs of 20 guinea-pigs. Paresis was observed 3 to 5 days later in 14 out of the 20 animals. Histologically the tibial nerves of these 14 guinea-pigs exhibited foci with segmental demyelination of the nerve fibres. In these nerves the mean conduction velocity of the fastest Aα-fibres was reduced from 62.5 m/sec in the control nerves to 48.2 m/sec in EAN. The refractory period was prolonged both in the Aα- and Aβ-fibres of the affected nerves. Accordingly the nerves failed to appropriately transmit short trains of electric stimuli. During the refractory period the conduction time of the affected nerves seemed to be prolonged more markedly than that of the controls. The electrophysiological changes in EAN are supposedly the consequence of segmental demyelination of the nerve fibres. Similar variations of electrophysiological data are known to occur in myelogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Bei 25 Meerschweinchen wurde durch subcutane Injektion eines unvollständig neutralisierten Toxin-Antitoxin-Gemisches eine postdiphtherische Polyneuritis hervorgerufen. 2. Das Intervall vom Tag der Injektion bis zum Auftreten klinischer Symptome betrug 18–33 Tage. 3. Morphologisch waren Veränderungen der Markscheiden und eine Verbreiterung der Ranvierschen Knoten zu erkennen. 4. Elektrophysiologisch wurden in den demyelinisierten Nerven die Leitungsgeschwindigkeit, die Refraktärperiode und das Verhalten nach Reizung mit frequenten Impulsserien untersucht. 5. Die Leitungsgeschwindigkeit war in den untersuchten Nerven mäßig reduziert. Die Restitution der Amplitude des Aktionspotentials war in der Refraktärperiode signifikant verzögert. Impulsserien höherer Frequenz konnten nicht mehr frequenzgetreu übermittelt werden. 6. Mögliche Ursachen für die Änderung der elektrophysiologischen Daten und Teilaspekte ihrer klinischen Auswirkung werden diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary 1. In 25 guinea-pigs postdiphtheric polyneuropathy was produced by a subcutaneous injection of an incompletely neutralized mixture of toxin and antitoxin. 2. Clinical signs of diphtheric polyneuropathy generally became manifest within 18 to 33 days. 3. Lesions of the myelin sheath and a widening of the nodes of Ranvier could be observed on morphological examinations. The continuity of the axons was preserved. 4. A moderate reduction of the conduction velocity of the affected nerves was noted. During the refractory period the restitution of the amplitude of the action potential was significantly delayed. As compared with the controls the demyelinated nerves failed to transmit trains of electric stimuli of higher frequencies. 5. In discussing the results causes and clinical effects of the impaired transmission in demyelinated fibres are considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 52 (1974), S. 216-221 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: α1-foetoprotein ; passive haemagglutination ; tumor antigens ; tumor immunology ; serological tumor diagnosis ; α1-Foetoprotein ; passive Hämagglutination ; Tumorantigene ; Tumorimmunologie ; serologische Tumordiagnostik
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die passive Hämagglutination für α1-Foetoprotein hat im „umgekehrten Verfahren“ mit Bindung von Anti-α1-Foetoprotein-IgG auf Hammelerythrocyten eine untere Nachweiskonzentration von 30 ng/ml. Alle Seren von 26 unausgewählten Patienten mit primärem Leberzellcarcinom zeigten Titer von 1:32 und höher. Titer von ≧1:4 wurden bei 142 Patienten mit anderen Carcinomen mit oder ohne Leber-metastasen in 28,2% und bei 238 Patienten mit anderen benignen Lebererkrankungen in 10,5–23,8% gefunden. Ein negatives Ergebnis in der passiven Hämagglutination schließt ein hepatozelluläres Carcinom mit großer Sicherheit aus; Titer von 1:4 bis 1:256 können bei gutartigen Lebererkrankungen, Hepatomen und anderen malignen Tumoren vorkommen. Titer von 1:512 und höher sprechen für ein primäres Leberzellcarcinom oder Teratoblastom. α1-Foetoprotein ist kein für primäre Leberzellcarcinome und Teratoblastome spezifisches, jedoch unter Berücksichtigung der enormen Konzentrations-unterschiede sehr charakteristisches Tumorantigen.
    Notes: Summary Passive haemagglutination for α1-foetoprotein was carried out in the reverse system coupling anti-α1-foetoprotein-IgG with bis-diazotized benzidine on sheep erythrocytes. The lowest concentration detectable in the serum was 30 ng/ml. All the sera of 26 unselected patients with primary liver cell carcinoma showed titers of 1:32 or higher. Titers of ≧1:4 were found in 142 patients with other carcinomas with or without liver metastases in 28.2% and in 238 patients with other benign liver diseases in 10.5% to 23.8%. A negative result in passive haemagglutination seems to eliminate the diagnosis of a hepatocellular cancer; titers between 1:4 and 1:256 occur in hepatomas and in other carcinomas as in benign liver diseases; titers of 1:512 or higher are typical for primary liver cell carcinoma. α1-foetoprotein is not a tumor antigen specific for primary liver cell carcinoma or teratoblastoma. Nevertheless, regarding the enormous difference in the concentration in controls, in patients with benign liver diseases, malignant tumors and primary liver cell carcinoma, it is a highly characteristic tumor antigen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 52 (1974), S. 222-232 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: α1-foetoprotein ; oncogenesis ; protein neosynthesis ; tumor antigens ; serological tumor diagnosis ; α1-Foetoprotein ; passive Hämagglutination ; Tumorantigene ; Tumorimmunologie ; serologische Tumordiagnostik
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung α1-Foetoprotein wurde aus acht primären Leberzellcarcinomen und drei weiteren α1-Foetoproteinbildenden Tumoren extrahiert. Quantitative Bestimmungen im Tumorgewebe und im Serum ergaben folgende Ergebnisse: 1. Die α1-Foetoproteinkonzentration im Tumorgewebe betragt zwischen 12 µg/g und 630 µg/g Feuchtgewicht. Bei gleichem histologischen Aufbau ist der α1-Foetoproteinspiegel in Primärtumor und Metastasen gleich. 2. Der Gesamt-α1-Foetoproteingehalt lag zwischen 0,8 mg und 1415 mg pro Tumor. 3. Die α1-Foetoprotein-Serumkonzentration zeigt eine doppeltlogarithmische Korrelation mit dem Tumorgewicht von 0,61, mit der α1-Foetoproteinkonzentration im Tumorgewebe von 0,69 und mit dem Gesamtgehalt von α1-Foetoprotein im malignen Gewebe von 0,90. 4. Eine klinisch für den Einzelfall verwertbare Beziehung besteht nur zwischen α1-Foetoprotein-Serumkonzentration und Gesamtgehalt von α1-Foetoprotein im Tumorgewebe; es ist nicht möglich von einer bekannten Serumkonzentration auf das Tumorgewicht oder die α1-Foetoproteinkonzentration im Tumorgewebe zu schließen. 5. Die Extrapolation auf die theoretisch immunologisch nachweisbaren Tumorgewichte ergab, daß Tumoren mit Gewichten zwischen 8 g und 335 g unter klinischen Bedingungen in der Doppeldiffusion im Serum entdeckt werden können. 6. Die zirkulierende Tumorantigenmenge ist 2,9–9,9mal größer als der α1-Foetoproteingehalt in malignen Geweben. 7. Acht kristalline α1-Foetoproteinpräparate, die aus dem Tumorgewebe, dem Plasma, Ascites und Pleurapunktat isoliert wurden, zeigten immunologisch bei der Prüfung mit 17 Anti-α1-Foetoprotein-Seren, die durch Immunisierung mit verschiedenen menschlichen foetalen, Tumor-, Hepatomserum-, Hepatomascites-und Hepatompleurapunktat-α1-Foetoproteinen gewonnen wurden, sowie mit Anti-Hunde-, -Rinder- und-Schweine-α1-Foetoprotein-Seren eine völlige Identität der antigenen Determinanten. Diese Ergebnisse sprechen gegen eine unterschiedliche Struktur der in malignen Geweben gebildeten mit den in biologische Flüssigkeiten ausgeschwemmten Tumorantigenen und für eine aktive α1-Foetoprotein-Elimination aus dem Tumorgewebe in das Serum.
    Notes: Summary α1-Foetoprotein was extracted from eight primary liver cell carcinomas and three other carcinomas with α1-foetoprotein synthesis. Quantitative measurements in human tissues and in biological fluids yielded the following results: 1. The α1-foetoprotein concentration in human tissue varied between 12 µg/g and 630 µg/g wet weight. When the histological aspect was similar, the α1-foetoprotein level in primary tumor tissue and in metastases was in the same range. 2. The total α1-foetoprotein content ranged from 0.8 mg to 1415 mg/tumor. 3. The α1-foetoprotein concentration in the serum showed a double logarithmic correlation of 0.61 with the tumor weight, of 0.69 with the α1-foetoprotein concentration in the tumor tissue and of 0.90 with the total α1-foetoprotein amount in malignant tissue. 4. In an individual patient there exists a good correlation between α1-foetoprotein concentration in the serum and total α1-foetoprotein content in the tumor tissue; on the other hand, in clinical diagnosis it is impossible to calculate the unknown tumor weight or the α1-foetoprotein concentration in malignant tissue from a given serum concentration of the tumor antigen. 5. It could be demonstrated by extrapolation to the immunologically detectable critical tumor weight that tumors should be found theoretically in double diffusion techniques in the serum under clinical conditions when the tumors reached weights between 8 g and 335 g. 6. The circulating amount of α1-foetoprotein is between 2.9 and 9.9 times higher than the tumor antigen content in the malignant tumor tissue. 7. Eight crystalline preparations of α1-foetoprotein isolated from tumor homogenate, plasma, ascites and pleural effusions of patients with hepatocellular carcinomas showed identical antigenic determinants proved by double diffusion with 17 antisera obtained by immunization of rabbits with different pure human α1-foetoprotein preparations isolated from foetal material, tumor extracts, plasma, ascites or pleural effusions and with antisera to dog, beef and pig α1-foetoprotein. These results suggests an active elimination of α1-foetoprotein from the tumor cells in the serum. It is likely that the tumor antigen synthetized in malignant tissue and the α1-foetoprotein secreted in biological fluids have identical structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of medicinal chemistry 15 (1972), S. 404-409 
    ISSN: 1520-4804
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 19 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: In magnetic routine interpretation the comparison of two-dimensional model curves with measured magnetic anomalies is widely used for an approximate evaluation of the position and depth of magnetic models.Before starting an interpretation of a survey by means of two-dimensional models, it is very useful to have an idea of the shape of anomalies caused by extended but finite bodies, taking into account various strike directions: Three sets of anomalies of thin plates (horizontal length 19, downward length 9, width 1) dipping 30°, 60°, and 90° resp. for various strike directions and an inclination of 20° were computed. Some of these anomalies, e.g. those with nearly N-S strike direction look rather complicated, and at the first glance one would not expect that they are caused by such simple bodies.Several profiles crossing the computed anomalies perpendicularly were interpreted two-dimensionally. For less extended anomalies the depths determined for the top of the plates are 10-20% too small, the magnetization amounts to 50–75 % of the value of the finite bodies. The interpretation of the profiles covering more extended anomalies gave very accurately the same values for the position, depth and magnetization for the two-dimensional body as for the original three-dimensional model.Anomalies of vertical prisms with varying extensions in the y-direction were computed. Their differences in amplitude and in the distance maximum-minimum show that interpretation of short anomalies by two-dimensional methods yields depth errors of up to 20 percent.To see the possibilities of the separation of superimposed anomalies dike anomalies were added to the anomaly of a broad body in great depth and several attempts were made to interpret parts of the composite anomalies. The interpreted bodies lie too deep. In complicated cases the depth values can have large errors, but experienced interpreters should be able to keep the errors in the range of one third of the depth values.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 93 (1971), S. 5790-5794 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 69 (1947), S. 3150-3150 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Decision sciences 3 (1972), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1540-5915
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper presents a model for explaining preference among similar alternatives. Preference is hypothesized to be governed by the relative position of the alternatives on specific dimensions (attributes). More specifically, preference is stated to be related to the distance of an alternative from an ideal alternative. A summary of a test of the model is presented.Next, a probabilistic form of the model is obtained assuming that the measured distance is affected both by individual uncertainty and measurement error. For a particular case, the resulting normality of the distribution is demonstrated. This introduction of a random element into the model is seen to be a major advance, although final judgment must await extensive testing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 94 (1972), S. 2657-2660 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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