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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 54 (1941), S. 213-215 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Small intestine ; Absorption ; Glucagon ; Man ; Dünndarm ; Resorption ; Glucagon ; Mensch
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von Glucagon auf die Resorption von Glucose, Wasser, Natrium und Kalium wurde mittels der segmentalen Dünndarmperfusion mit einer dreilumigen Sonde im oberen Jejunum bei 1) stoffwechselgesunden Probanden, 2) Altersdiabetikern mit verminderter Insulinsekretion nach Glucagongabe, 3) insulinbedürftigen Diabetikern vom Typ des juvenilen Diabetes mellitus untersucht. Nach Messung der Resorption über zwei 30 min-Perioden wurde den Probanden 1 mg Glucagon intravenös injiziert und danach die Resorption über vier 15 min-Perioden ermittelt. Ergebnisse: Nach der Glucagongabe trat in allen drei Gruppen zunächst ein kurzdauernder Anstieg der Glucoseresorption auf. Dieser war bei den Diabetikern stärker als bei den stoffwechselgesunden Probanden. Anschließend kam es zu einer signifikanten Resorptionsminderung für Glucose. Die Wasser- und Natriumresorption wurden durch Glucagon gehemmt, Kalium wurde ins Darmlumen sezerniert.
    Notes: Summary Jejunal absorption of glucose, water, sodium and potassium was investigated under the influence of intravenously injected glucagon. This was done in 1) metabolically healthy adults, 2) patients with growth onset diabetes and reduced insulin secretion after glucagon, 3) patients with juvenile onset diabetes who do not secrete insulin after glucagon injection. A triple lumen perfusion technique was used. Results: There is an initial short lasting increase of glucose absorption after glucagon administration in all three groups investigated. This was more pronounced in the diabetics than in the metabolically healthy adults. In a second phase, which was most marked 30–45 minutes after glucagon administration, a significant decrease of glucose absorption was seen. Sodium and water uptake were reduced after glucagon administration and potassium was found to be secreted into the lumen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Small intestine ; Absorption ; Diabetes mellitus ; Man ; Dünndarm ; Resorption ; Diabetes mellitus ; Mensch
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 11 insulinbedürftigen Diabetikern, 6 Altersdiabetikern und 5 Patienten mit sekundärem Diabetes mellitus bei chronischer Pankreatitis wurde das Verhalten der Glucose-, Wasser-, Natrium- und Kaliumresorption mittels der segmentalen Dünndarmperfusion mit einer dreilumigen Sonde untersucht. Ein Vergleich der Resorptionsergebnisse mit den bei 26 stoffwechselgesunden Probanden ermittelten Werten läßt keine signifikanten Unterschiede erkennen.
    Notes: Summary Glucose, water and electrolyte absorption has been investigated in 11 patients suffering from juvenile onset diabetes, in 6 patients suffering from growth onset diabetes and 5 patients with diabetes due to chronic pancreatitis. The measurements were obtained using a triple lumen tube system by which a defined segment of the upper jejunum was perfused. The absorption values obtained did not differ significantly from those of a group of 26 metabolically healthy controls.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Small intestine ; Absorption ; Insulin ; Man ; Dünndarm ; Resorption ; Insulin ; Mensch
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von Insulin auf die Resorption von Glucose, Wasser, Natrium und Kalium wurde mittels der segmentalen Dünndarmperfusion mit einer dreilumigen Sonde untersucht. Nach Messung der Resorption über zwei 30 min-Perioden wurden den Probanden 1,0 g Tolbutamid (Rastinon®) bzw. 20 IE Insulin (Actrapid®) intravenös injiziert und danach die Resorption über vier 15 min-Perioden bestimmt. Ergebnisse 1. Stoffwechselgesunde zeigten sowohl nach Injektion von Tolbutamid und dadurch induzierter Erhöhung des Seruminsulinspiegels als auch nach Insulininjektion eine signifikante Minderung der Resorption. 2. Diese Resorptionsminderung war auch nachweisbar, wenn Glucose zur Verhinderung des Blutzuckerabfalls unmittelbar nach der Insulininjektion infundiert wurde. 3. Insulinbedürftige Diabetiker lassen nach der Injektion von Tolbutamid — offenbar infolge fehlender Insulinsekretion — keine Resorptionsänderungen erkennen, zeigen aber eine Transportminderung nach Insulininjektion. Diese Befunde belegen, daß die Glucose-, Wasser-, Natrium- und Kaliumresorption im menschlichen Dünndarm durch Insulin reduziert wird.
    Notes: Summary The influence of insulin on the intestinal absorption of glucose, water, sodium and potassium was investigated in man using a triple lumen tube technique. After an absorption period of 60 min 1 g of tolbutamide was injected in order to stimulate endogenous insulin secretion. Alternatively 20 units of regular insulin were applied intravenously. Thereafter absorption was studied over 4 periods of 15 min duration. Results: 1. In healthy subjects the absorption of glucose water, sodium and potassium was decreased after the injection of tolbutamide as well as after the injection of insulin. 2. The decrease in absorption was also demonstrable when the insulin induced reduction of blood sugar levels was abolished by intravenous glucose infusion. 3. In insulin dependent diabetics there was no decrease in absorption after injection of tolbutamide. This was due to the unability to secrete insulin. On the other hand a decrease in absorption occurred if insulin was applied in insulin dependent diabetics. These results demonstrate that the absorption of glucose, water, sodium and potassium from the human intestine is reduced by insulin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Asymmetric synthesis ; Chiral allylic anions ; (-)-Sparteine ; Enantioselective deprotonation ; Stereochemistry of electrophilic allylic substitution ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The title reaction leads to diastereomeric lithium carbanion pairs that are configurationally unstable and equilibrate even at temperatures below -50 °C. The initially formed epimer (1S)-epi-10 is rapidly converted to the thermodynamically more stable (1R)-10 (in toluene solution). Carboxylation, acylation with acid chlorides, stannylation, and silylation take place at the α-position with stereoinversion (79-86% ee). Methylating agents attack the γ-position; here, the stereochemical course depends on the leaving group, anti-SE′ for the iodide (50% ee) and syn-SE′ (48% ee) for the tosylate.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Palladium ; Homogeneous catalysis ; Carbon monoxide ; Aromatic aldehyde ; Formic acid ; Carbonylation ; Electrochemistry ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: -The palladium-catalyzed electrocarbonylation of aryl halides performed in the presence of formic acid under one atmosphere of carbon monoxide affords aromatic aldehydes in good to high yields.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Carbene complexes ; Catalysis ; Metallahexatrienes ; Vinyl cyclopentadienes ; Transmetallation ; Rhodium ; Tungsten ; Chromium ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We report on the first example of a transition metal-catalyzed cyclization reaction of a Fischer carbene complex. It comprises the generation of vinyl- and divinyl cyclopentadienes under exceedingly mild conditions at 20 °C by condensation of (1-amino-1,3-butadien-2-yl)carbene complexes (= cross-conjugated metallahexatrienes) (CO)5M=C(OEt)C(=CHNR2)CR1=CHR23 (M = Cr, W) with alkynes R3C≡CH 4 (R3 = Ph, cyclohex-1-enyl, isopropenyl, methoxymethyl, 1-trimethylsiloxycyclohex-1-yl) in the presence of catalytic amounts of [(COD)RhCl]2. The starting compounds 3 are accessible in high yields by addition of enamines (E)-R2NCH=CHR22 to (1-alkynyl)carbene complexes (CO)5M=C(OEt)C≡CR11 (M = Cr, W; R1 = Ph, cyclohex-1-enyl).
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 1999 (1999), S. 2051-2055 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Gold clusters ; closo-Dodecaborate ; Conductivity ; Charging energy ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The exchange of PPh3 in Au55(PPh3)12Cl6 by Na2[B12H11SH] using a phase-transfer reaction from CH2Cl2 to water needs 6 weeks for reaction, but finally results in the quantitative formation of Au55[(B12H11SH)Na2]12Cl6 (2). Cluster 2, which is of considerable stability in aqueous solution, has been characterized by 1H-NMR, 11B-NMR, and IR spectroscopy as well as by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The Na+ cations can be exchanged by (octyl)4N+ making the resulting cluster 4 soluble in polar organic solvents. The electrical properties of 2 and 4 are compared with those of Au55[Ph2PC6H4SO3N(octyl)4]12Cl6 (3), the ammonium derivative of the sodium salt. Cluster 3 shows the expected increase of activation energy in the temperature range of 130-250 K owing to the increase of cluster spacing compared with the sodium derivative. However, clusters 2 and 4, show electromigration in the electric field, caused by the huge amount of ionic charges in the ligand shell.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Metallaoxirane ; HBR2 addition ; (Formaldehyde)zirconocene ; (Butadiene)zirconocene ; Heterocycles ; Boron ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: (η2-Formaldehyde)zirconocene dimer (8) cleanly adds one or two molar equivalents of the borane HB(C6F5)2 by insertion of the H-[B] unit into the zirconium-carbon bond of the metallaoxirane moieties to form the mono- and bis-insertion products 16 and 17, respectively. These systems contain five-membered heterocyclic rings that are built up by connecting five different elements, namely H, B, C, O, and Zr. The bis(borane) insertion product 17 was characterized by an X-ray crystal structure analysis. (Butadiene)zirconocene reacts with HB(C6F5)2 in a similar way by insertion of the H-[B] unit into the (butadiene)C4-Zr linkage to form the metallacycle 18.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 1999 (1999), S. 1851-1854 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Urea ; Nickel ; Coordination modes ; Cooperative effects ; Magnetic properties ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A tetranuclear mixed-spin nickel(II) complex featuring two urea molecules in an unprecedented μ3-ĸN:ĸN′:ĸO coordination mode has been structurally characterized. The two central high-spin nickel(II) ions exhibit ferromagnetic coupling (J = +3.4 cm-1) mediated by the NH2-C-O linkages of the bridging urea. In solution the temperature dependence of the UV/Vis optical absorption and of the magnetic moment indicate that, upon cooling, additional solvent molecules bind to the terminal low-spin metal ions and a concomitant spin change occurs. In the solid state the coordinated urea ligands can be thermally degraded to cyanate within the grip of the multimetallic nickel(II) site.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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