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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The authors were unable to cytochemically demonstrate iron-storage in leukemia cells of undifferentiated juvenile leukemia and a tumor cell of peritoneal- and pleura-carcinoma by the very sensitive sulfide-silver-method. More than one half of the normal immobile cells showed a positive reaction. The attempt to decrease the character of negative reactions in immobile cells by iron incubation in short-time cultures so far failed to produce reliable results.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In Leukosezellen bei undifferenzierter kindlicher Leukose und Tumorzellen bei Peritoneal- und Pleura-Karzinom ließ sich mit der sehr empfindlichen Sulfid-Silber-Methode zytochemisch keine Eisenspeicherung nachweisen. In den normalen ortständigen Zellen fiel die Reaktion in über der Hälfte positiv aus. Der Versuch, den Anteil der negativen Reaktionen in ortständigen Zellen durch Eiseninkubation in Kurzzeitkulturen zu verringern, hat bisher noch keine sicheren Ergebnisse gezeigt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Looking for a suitable experimental model for the study of the characteristic intestinal lesion in idiopathic steatorrhoea we investigated the triparanol-induced intestinal damage using cytochemical, morphological and in vivo transport methods. Triparanol blocks effectively biosynthesis of cholesterol. The results obtained may be summarized as follows: 1. No typical histological alteration of the absorptive and no mucosal atrophy was found but when measuring the different structures of the intestinal mucosa there was an increase in crypt height and villus width which is just statistically significant. 2. Opposite to these minor histological changes there was a striking generalized alteration of the cytochemical pattern of the absorptive cell with markedly reduced enzyme activities as compared with the controls; and this was associated with a decrease in markable lysosomal granules and an enlargement of the remaining ones which were orientated in the supranuclear Golgi area. 3. In addition, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum were damaged and the Golgi saccules were enormeously enlarged as seen electronmicroscopically. However, in contrast to the cytochemical pattern there was an increase of lysosomal bodies suggesting loss of enzyme activity. Cytolysomes were also present. 4. Functionally there was a severe reduction in active transport of glucose down to 20% of the normal amount. This functional defect corresponded well to the severity of the cytochemical lesion. 5. In view of these cellular findings which are very similar to those in idiopathic steatorrhoea the significance of the mucosal transformation mentioned above was further explored by determination of its mitotic activity. It was found that the mitotic counts were significantly increased after triparanol treatment. This suggests a low grade mucosal transformation which on prolonged triparanol intoxication most likely is followed by villous atrophy. The significance of these findings with respect to the intestinal lesion in idiopathic steatorrhoea is discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 1. Es läßt sich mit Hilfe des Cholesterinsynthesehemmers Triparanol bei der Ratte eine Läsion der Dünndarmschleimhaut vom hyperregeneratorischen Typ setzen, die unter den Bedingungen der Versuchsanordnung zu einer Schleimhauttransformation mit Erhöhung der Germinativzone und Verbreiterung der Zotten, aber noch nicht zur „Zottenatrophie“ führt. 2. Die histochemischen und elektronenmikroskopischen Veränderungen des durch Triparanol geschädigten Resorptionsepithels der Ratte sind denen des menschlichen Resorptionsepithels bei der Glutenenteropathie ähnlich. Sie sprechen für eine unspezifische, gleichartige Reaktion des Resorptionsepithels auf verschiedene Noxen. 3. Die Herabsetzung der aktiven Transportleistungen des triparanolgeschädigten Resorptionsepithels — gemessen mit Hilfe der kontinuierlichen Perfusionstechnik — entspricht den funktionellen Ausfällen bei der Sprue. Die generalisierten Veränderungen des Resorptionsepithels (histochemisch und morphologisch) sprechen dafür, daß diese Störung — ähnlich wie bei der Sprue — nur Teil einer generalisierten, aber unspezifischen Schädigung ist. 4. Die Triparanolschädigung des Resorptionsepithels bei der Ratte ergibt keine Antwort auf die Frage, ob die der gluteninduzierten Enteropathie zugrunde liegende Läsion des Resorptionsepithels primär durch das Gluten hervorgerufen wird oder als Folge einer spezifischeren primären Schädigung sekundär entstanden ist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 50 (1972), S. 744-750 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Acid secretion ; Parietal cells ; Chronic-atrophic gastritis ; Duodenal ulcer ; Säuresekretion ; Parietalzellen ; chronischatrophische Gastritis ; Ulcus duodeni
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei männlichen Kontrollpersonen, Patienten mit Ulcus duodeni und mit chronisch-atrophischer Gastritis wurde aus Biopsiematerial der Korpusschleimhaut die Parietalzellzahl pro Areal Schleimhautoberfläche mit Hilfe einer histochemischen Reaktion und die maximale Säuresekretion mit Hilfe des Pentagastrininfusionstestes bestimmt. Bei den Patienten mit Ulcus duodeni fand sich eine signifikante Zunahme und bei den Patienten mit chronisch-atrophischer Gastritis eine signifikante Abnahme der bestimmten Parameter. Zwischen der Parietalzelldichte in Biopsiematerial und maximaler Säuresekretion bestand eine deutliche lineare Korrelation, die sich allerdings auch als polynominale Regression 2. Grades ausdrücken ließ.
    Notes: Summary Male patients with duodenal ulcer, chronicatrophic gastritis, and controls without gastrointestinal diseases were examined with respect to the relationship of their maximal acid output and parietal cell mass in gastric mucosal biopsies. Maximal acid output was measured using the pentagastrin infusion test. Parietal cells were marked histochemically in fresh frozen sections by means of their SDH-activity. The following results were obtained: 1. Maximal acid output (MAO) and parietal cell mass were significantly increased in the duodenal ulcer group, while these values were significantly decreased in the patients with chronic-atrophic gastritis. 2. Parietal cell density in biopsy material was closely related to the MAO irrespective of the group investigated. 3. This relationship was calculated as a linear one and could be further improved when expressed as a binominal regression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Hepatitis B ; Vaccination ; Immunogenicity ; Dosage ; Age ; Sex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Of the medical staff of our hospital 217 members at high risk for hepatitis B were immunized with an experimental hepatitis B vaccine and anti-HBs titers used to study the influence of two dosage schedules, age, and sex on immunogenicity. Participants were 34 years of age (mean; range, 20–61); they were divided into two groups and vaccinated three times. Group A received 42 µg HBsAg for each vaccination. Group B received 84 µg for the first and 21 µg for the second and third vaccinations. The seroconversion rate was 32.7% after the first, 78.8% after the second, and 95.7% after the third vaccination. The participants who failed to produce anti-HBs titer (3 IU/l;n=9) or whose anti-HBs titers were below 50 IU/l (n=31) were vaccinated a fourth time. Only mild side effects of injections were observed in a third of all participants, usually in the form of a sore arm. Between groups A and B there were no significant differences as far as the seroconversion rate and anti-HBs titer were concerned. Nonresponders plus low-responders accounted for 19%. Female participants produced a markedly higher anti-HBs titer than males, and the female/male ratio among non- and low-responders was 1:2; among nonresponders, 1:2.5. There was a negative correlation of the anti-HBs titer with the age of the participants. These results not only have practical consequences for revaccination policy, but also offer the opportunity to further study the genetic regulation of the immune response to a complex peptide antigen in man.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Small intestine ; effect of Phenformin ; absorption ; enzymes ; ATP ; histology ; rat ; man ; Dünndarm ; Phenformin ; Resorption ; Enzyme ; ATP ; Histologie ; Ratte ; Mensch
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In der vorliegenden Studie wird erstmalig der Einfluß von Phenformin (25 mg/kg Ratte) auf die Wasser- und Elektrolytresorption an der Ratte untersucht. Im Hinbliek auf die an Leber- und Nierenmitochondrien nachgewiesene Hemmung der oxydativen Phosphorylierung durch Biguanide wird weiterhin der Einfluß des Phenformins auf die Adeninnucleotide des Rattendünndarms geprüft. Zur Frage nach der cellulären und mukösen Integrität der Dünndarmschleimhaut unter Phenformin werden cytochemische und morphometrische Untersuchungen angestellt. Darüber hinaus wird die Glucoseresorption mittels kontinuierlicher in vivo-Perfusion gemessen. Zur Frage der physiologischen Relevanz der an der Ratte durchgeführten Untersuchungen wird die Glucoseresorption am Menschen mittels der dreilumigen Sonde bei physiologischer Phenforminbelastung (150 mg/d) geprüft. Ergebnisse an der Ratte: 1. Der Wassernettotransport sowie der unidirektionale22Na+-Fluß werden ebenso wie die Glucoseresorption signifikant durch Phenformin gehemmt. 2. Der mittlere ATP-Gehalt der Dünndarmwand wird durch Phenformin um ca. 30% gesenkt. 3. Die in den verschiedenen Kompartimenten des reifen Resorptionsepithels cytochemisch nachgewiesenen Markerenzyme sind insgesamt reduziert. 4. Die morphologische Integrität der Dünndarmschleimhaut ist erhalten. Vermutlich als Ausdruck einer durch die Perfusion bedingten gesteigerten Zellexfoliation sind die Zottenhöhen geringgradig reduziert. Ergebnisse am Menschen: 1. Die Glucoseresorption wird unter physiologischen Phenformingaben signifikant herabgesetzt. Dieser Effekt ist sehr flüchtig. 2. Cytochemische und morphologische Veränderungen sind am Biopsiematerial nicht nachweisbar.
    Notes: Summary The influence of Phenformin (25 mg/kg body weight) on the small intestinal absorption of glucose, glycine, water and electrolytes has been investigated in the rat using a continuous perfusion technique. Furtheron, its influence on adenin nucleotides, cytochemical reactivity and morphology of the mucosa of the small intestine was studied. The physiological relevance of the findings obtained in the rat was checked in man by studying glucose absorption after a 150 mg Phenformin load using a triple-lumen perfusion system. Results in the rat: 1. The transport of glucose, glycine and water as well as the unidirectional flux of22Na+ were significantly reduced. 2. ATP-levels were diminished by approximately 30%. 3. The enzymatic activity of the absorptive epithelium was slightly decreased as judged by cytochemical methods. 4. The morphological integrity of the mucosa of the small intestine was in general maintained, but extrusion of absorptive cells at the tips of the villi seemed to be increased. Results in man: 1. Glucose absorption was significantly reduced when a therapeutical load of 150 mg was given as a single dose. This effect was shown briefly after application of the drug but could not be demonstrated 12 hours thereafter. 2. Neither morphological nor cytochemical changes could be observed in the biopsies taken shortly after Phenformin application at the dosage given.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Intestinal microflora ; Elemental diet
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Elemental diets and peptide diets are increasingly used in the treatment of enteral diseases and as alternatives to parenteral nutrition. Though multiple influences of these diets on the small intestinal bacteria seem possible no long-term studies were hitherto carried out to clarify their actions on the intestinal flora. Therefore, the jejunal flora was assessed qualitatively and quantitatively in a group of rats fed an elemental diet over a period of 60 days and a control group receiving standard pellet food. In both sets of animals similar numbers of colony forming bacteria/ml jejunal juice of the aerobic and anaerobic growing flora were observed. In parallel, the individual genera did not exhibit significant differences in control and experimental animals. According to these findings long-term feeding of a peptide diet to rats does not influence the small intestinal flora.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 65 (1987), S. 358-358 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Studying the site of hydrolytic enzymes with acid ph-optima in human intestinal absorptive cells the glycosidasesβ-glucosaminidase,β-glucoronidase,α-glucosidase andβ-galactosidase as well as the hydrolases non-specific acid phosphatase, E 600 resistent esterase and arylsulfatase have been investigated using histochemical techniques. Non-specific acid phosphatase activity has been localized additionally by electron cytochemical methods. Reaction product of the above activities is confined to a number of granules lined up beneath the brush border except forα-glucosidase andβ-galactosidase which are not demonstrable on a cytochemical level. Arylsulfatase activity is missing in human intestinal absorptive cells with the technique used but has been shown in corresponding sites of the small intestinal absorptive cell ofPatella vulgata. In agreement with the electron cytochemical demonstration of non-specific acid phosphatase activity and also with earlier biochemical data the granular activity of the various enzymes can be related to lysosomes. The meaning of these findings in relation to absorption is discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ausgehend von der Frage nach dem Ort der Substratspaltung der sauren hydrolytischen Enzyme in der Resorptionszelle des menschlichen Dünndarms wurden die Glykosidasenβ-Glucuronidase,β-Glucosaminidase,α-Glucosidase undβ-Galaktosidase sowie die Hydrolasen unspezifische saure Phosphatase, E 600 resistente Esterase und Arylsulfatase mit enzymhistochemischen Methoden untersucht. Die saure Phosphatase wurde darüber hinaus mit elektroncytochemischer Technik lokalisiert. Das Reaktionsprodukt dieser Aktivitäten ließ sich mit Ausnahme der Disaccharidasenα-Glucosidase undβ-Galaktosidase lokalisieren. Es war in feinen Granula unmittelbar unterhalb des aktivitätsfreien Bürstensaumes angeordnet. Eine Arylsulfatase-Aktivität konnte am Resorptionsepithel des Menschen nicht nachgewiesen werden. Die genannten Disaccharidasen zeigten eine diffuse Verteilung des Reaktionsproduktes mit einem Intensitätsmaximum im apikalen Zellanteil. In Übereinstimmung mit dem elektroncytochemischen Bild und mit früheren biochemischen Befunden wird die granuläre Aktivität auf die Lysosomen bezogen. Die Bedeutung der Befunde in bezug auf die Resorption wird diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A non-β-cell islet tumor of the pancreas, removed on operation from a sixty year old man with the Zollinger-Ellison-Syndrom has been investigated by pharmacological, histochemical and biochemical methods. The gastrin-like activity of this tumor could be demonstrated by pharmacological assay in the cat. On histochemical and histological investigation large extracellularly situated globules containing mucopolysaccharides, reactive protein-groups and lysosomal enzymes were found among cords of tumorcells separated by connective tissue. On histochemical grounds it is concluded that these granules contain secretory material with some endocrine qualities. The biochemical assay of the tumor tissue corresponded to the histochemical pattern of the tumor; in addition, it revealed a very high activity of the glycolytic enzymes compared with normal pancreas. In contrast to the finding in other tumors a very high activity of the enzyme glycerophosphatedehydrogenase (E.C. 1.1.1.8) in the tumor was found.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird über das Krankheitsbild eines 60jährigen Patienten mit Zollinger-Ellison-Syndrom berichtet. Im exstirpierten Tumor ließ sich eine gastrinähnliche Aktivität nachweisen. Histologisch und histochemisch kam neben dem reichlichen Bindegewebe und dem Tumorepithel eine dritte Struktur in Form von Granula, die intralacunär in der Gefäßwand oder intraluminal gelegen waren, zur Darstellung. Neben Mucopolysacchariden und Protein enthielten diese Granula lysosomale Enzyme. Auf Grund dieser Eigenschaften dürfte es sich um Sekret- bzw. Inkretgranula handeln. Ihre Beziehung zur nachgewiesenen gastrinähnlichen Aktivität wird diskutiert. Die ergänzend durchgeführten biochemischen Untersuchungen im Tumorgewebe ergaben mit den histochemischen Befunden übereinstimmende Ergebnisse und zeigten darüber hinaus eine gegenüber dem normalen Pankreas um das fünffache gesteigerte Aktivität der glykolytischen Enzyme. Abweichend von anderen Tumoren fand sich eine ungewöhnlich hohe Aktivität der Glycerophosphatdehydrogenase (E.C.1.1.1.8) im Tumorgewebe.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 49 (1971), S. 1218-1222 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Small intestine ; absorption ; methods ; Dünndarm ; Resorption ; Methoden
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird über eine neu entwickelte automatisierte Methode der segmentalen Dünndarmperfusion berichtet, die ein dreilumiges Sondensystem (Ingelfinger et al.) verwendet. Durch die erreichte Vereinfachung der Technik erscheint es möglich, diese Methode jetzt auch in Kliniken, vor allem in der speziellen gastroenterologischen Diagnostik einzusetzen. An Hand von Mehrfachmessungen am gleichen Patienten wird die Reproduzierbarkeit der Ergebnisse und die Validität der Methodik herausgestellt und ihr Vorteil gegenüber bisher gebräuchlichen Verfahren diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary An automatic perfusion system for segmental measurements of intestinal absorption is described. This makes use of the triple-lumen tube according to Ingelfinger and coworkers. Its application for diagnostic procedures in routine gastroenterology is shown. The reliability of the data obtained is demonstrated by repeated measurements in the same patient. The advantage of this method is discussed in comparison with the techniques hitherto used.
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