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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hot spot and trench volcano separations (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 249 (1974), S. 820-821 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] It has been argued that frictional heating along slip zones between subducting and overriding plates provides the heat for partial melting1'2. At hot spots the suggested sources of heat are more controversial, ranging from shear heating in the asthenosphere3 to more vague sources associated with ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/249820a0
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lunar Electrical Conductivity—Reply (1972)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 238 (1972), S. 145-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] REISZ et al.1 consider, in the preceding letter, two conceptually important points regarding the lunar transfer function inversions which we reported2,3. That work used a symmetric confining current theory so that the dark hemisphere diamagnetic cavity effect was ignored, as we pointed out at that ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/238145a0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coupling between pressure and temperature amplitudes in waves of second sound in liquid helium (1970)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 231 (1970), S. 177-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A very sensitive microphone suitable for acoustic measurements in liquid helium is described. With the use of it both, the pressure amplitude of second sound and the amplitude of first sound radiated from the second sound transmitter (carbon layer heater) can be detected. By a special extension of the reciprocity theory the first sound pressure response of the microphone and the second sound transmitter response can be measured. The measured pressure signals of first and second sound are compared with the results of the two-fluid theory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01392509
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resistenz des Nierengewebes gegen Dichromatschäden nach Folsäureinjektion (1971)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 353 (1971), S. 207-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Untersuchungen an insgesamt 78 männlichen Wistarratten führten zu dem Ergebnis, daß Rattennieren nach einmaliger Injektion einer höheren Folsäuredosis gegen Dichromatschäden weitgehend resistent sind. Während nach s.c. Injektion von 1,5 mg Dichromat/100 g Körpergewicht bei allen Tieren ausgedehnte Nekrosen der proximalen Hauptstückanteile auftraten, waren derartige Nekrosen nach vorausgehender Folsäure-(FS)-Gabe nur bei 10–46% der Ratten nachzuweisen. Diese Resistenz besteht während und unmittelbar nach dem Maximum der FS-induzierten Nucleinsäuresyntheserate nach 2 Tagen, in der Phase des höchsten renalen DNS- und RNS-Gehaltes nach 4 Tagen und nach Abklingen der gesteigerten Nucleinsäuresynthese am 9. Tag, an dem auch die nach der FS-Zufuhr auftretende Polyurie abgeklungen ist. Da FS-Injektionen in dieser Dosierung zur starken Proliferation des Nierengewebes bei gleichzeitig bestehender renaler Funktionsstörung führen, wird als Ursache der unterschiedlichen morphologischen Befunde vor allem eine herabgesetzte Empfindlichkeit des vom Funktions- auf den Proliferationsstoffwechsel umgestellten Nierengewebes diskutiert. Darüber hinaus wird die Frage nach einem verminderten Antransport des Nephrotoxins hervorgehoben.
    Notes: Summary A single intravenous injection of folic acid in rats results in a resistance to dichromate induced renal lesions. The animals used in our experiments were 66 male rats of the Wistar strain showing extensive necroses in the proximal parts of the proximal convolutions following s.c. injection of 1.5 mg of potassium dichromate/100 g, whereas such necroses only occurred in 10 to 46% of the animals if folate had been injected before. This resistance could be determined 1) during and immediately after the peak of increased synthesis of nucleic acids induced by the folate 2 days after its injection; 2) in the phase of maximal renal content of DNS and RNS 4 days after the folate; and 3) at the nineth day when the folate induced polyuria had declined. It is suggested that a change from functional to proliferative metabolism might be the most important cause of this folate induced resistance of kidneys. Moreover, decreased transport of the nephrotoxin might be responsible for this protection against renal lesions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00545730
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Einseitige Nierenrindennekrosen mit seitenverschiedenen intravasalen Fibrinpräcipitaten beim akuten Nierenversagen (1970)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 350 (1970), S. 36-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bericht über 2 Patienten mit einseitigen Fibrinabscheidungen und Nierenrindennekrosen im Verlauf eines akuten Nierenversagens. Im ersten Fall trat bei einem 62jährigen Mann nach thrombotischem Verschluß eines Aneurysma der rechten Arteria poplitea mit Gangrän und nachfolgender Amputation des rechten Beines ein akutes Nierenversagen auf, als dessen morphologisches Substrat sich auf der rechten Seite ausgedehnte Fibrinpräcipitate in den Glomerulumcapillaren und kleinen Rindengefäßen sowie umfangreiche Nierenrindennekrosen fanden, während in der linken Niere Fibrinpräcipitate fehlten, hier nur eine osmotische Nephrose und wenige Nekrosen ganz vereinzelter Tubuluszellgruppen vorhanden waren. Es wird angenommen, daß die Läsion des rechten Beines der bestimmende Faktor für die schweren morphologischen Nierenveränderungen auf der rechten Seite war. Im zweiten Fall trat bei einem 65jährigen Mann mit rechtseitiger Nephrolithiasis und Hydronephrose bei Steinverschluß des Ureters eine Pyelonephritis auf dieser Seite auf, der sich unter dem Bilde eines Sanarelli-Shwartzman-Phänomens ein akutes Nierenversagen anschloß, an dessen Folgen der Patient nach 5 Tagen verstarb. Bei der Obduktion fanden sich in der linken, primär nicht geschädigten Niere sehr viel ausgedehntere Fibrinpräcipitate und Nierenrindennekrosen als in dem rechten, hydronephrotischen und pyelonephritisch veränderten Organ. Offenbar ist es hier in der Phase der Fibrinpräcipitation zu einer vermehrten Einschwemmung gerinnungsaktiver Substanzen in die kleinen Blutgefäße des gesunden Organs mit Verstopfung der Gefäßlichtungen gekommen, in dem so ausgedehntere Nekrosen als in der anderen Niere auftraten.
    Notes: Summary As demonstrated in two cases, disseminated intravascular precipitation of fibrin with renal cortical necrosis in acute renal failure may be limited to one kidney although the main renal arteries are symmetrical and patent. Case 1. A 62 year old man developed acute renal failure after amputation of the right leg which was gangrenous owing to thrombotic obliteration of an aneurysm in the right arteria poplitea. Clots of fibrin were fond generally in the glomerular capillaries and smaller vessels with extensive cortical necrosis of the right kidney, whereas in the left kidney there was only an osmotic nephrosis and necrosis of only a few tubular cells without intravascular clots of fibrin. The lesions of the right leg presumably were the determining factor for the severe renal lesions on the right side. Case 2. A 65 year old man with nephrolithiasis, hydronephrosis after occlusive ureterolithiasis and pyelonephritis on the right side developed acute renal failure in the course of a Sanarelli Shwartzman phenomenon. At autopsy many more fibrin clots and much more extensive cortical necrosis were found in the formerly unaffected right kidney than in the left hydronephrotic organ. Obviously more coagulative material was carried into the smaller renal vessels of the unaffected organ during fibrin precipitation; that led to more extensive necroses than in the contralateral kidney.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00548918
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytologische Studien an Harnkanälchenepithelien beim akuten Nierenversagen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Sammelrohre (1971)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 354 (1971), S. 361-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Untersuchungen an Nieren von insgesamt 50 Patienten führten zu dem Ergebnis, daß beim akuten Nierenversagen statistisch signifikante cytologische Veränderungen an autoptisch gewonnenem Gewebe vor allem in den Sammelrohrepithelien nachzuweisen sind. Hier treten besonders Kernpyknosen und vermehrte Cytoplasmaeosinophilie auf, die in zylinderhaltigen Kanälchen am stärksten sind. Im Sinne einer Arbeitshypothese wird diskutiert, ob eine unzureichende Glykosezufuhr in der oligurischen Phase des akuten Nierenversagens bei der Entstehung der Läsion dieser vorwiegend vom Kohlenhydratstoffwechsel abhängigen Epithelien des Nierenmarkes eine Rolle spielen könnte.
    Notes: Summary In acute renal failure significant cytological changes in autopsy specimens are mostly found in epithelial cells of collecting ducts. Nuclear pyknosis and increased eosinophilia of the cytoplasma occur in collecting ducts. With remarkable frequency these changes are more intense in cast-containing collecting ducts. It is hypothesized that an insufficient supply of glucose during the oliguric phase of acute renal failure may be responsible for lesions in the renal medulla, the metabolism of which is predominantly dependent on carbohydrate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00545728
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chronic folic acid-nephropathy (1974)
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 162 (1974), S. 17-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Folic acid ; Folic acid nephropathy ; Renal failure ; Distal tubule hyperplasia ; Folsäure ; Folsäure-Nephropathie ; Nierenversagen ; Tubulushyperplasie, distal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Untersuchungen an insgesamt 169 männlichen Wistarratten führten zu dem Ergebnis, daß wiederholte Injektion von 250 mg Folsäure/kg Körpergewicht in dreiwöchigen Abständen schwere chronische Nierenschäden verursacht. Nach der 4. Folsäure-Injektion tritt infolge herdförmiger Parenchymuntergänge im Rindenbereich eine grobhöckrige Niere auf, die im Verlauf der 48wöchigen Versuche in eine Schrumpfniere übergeht. Mikroskopisch sind Läsionen der Tubuli und des Interstitium vor allem um distale Nephronabschnitte (Partes contortae der Mittelstücke, Verbindungsstücke, Rindensammelrohre) und herdförmige Hauptstückatrophien zu beobachten. Daneben fällt eine erhebliche Vergrößerung aller Mittelstücke im Innenstreifen der Markaußenzone auf. Am Ende der Versuchszeit sind Serum-Harnstoff und -Kreatinin auf das Doppelte der Norm angestiegen, die tägliche Harnmenge hat um das Vierfache des Kontrollwertes zugenommen, die Urinosmolarität ist um 60–77% reduziert, die Versuchstiere verlieren wesentlich mehr Natrium im Harn als Kontrolltiere.
    Notes: Summary Investigations with a total of 169 male Wistar-rats led to the result that repeated injections of 250 mg folic acid per kilogram body weight in intervals of 3 weeks cause severe chronic kidney damages. After the 4th folic acid injection the outer surface of the kidneys is roughly granular due to circumscribed destructions of the parenchyma in the cortical area and turns into contracted kidneys, within the 48 weeks of the test. Lesions of tubules and of the interstice, particularly around distal nephron segments (convoluted portion of distal tubule, initial segment of collecting tubule and cortical collecting tubules) and focal atrophies of proximal tubules can be observed microscopically. Apart from this, a significant enlargement of all straight portions of the distal tubules in the outer medulla can be noticed. At the end of the 48 weeks serum urea and serum creatinine are twice as high as standard, the daily amount of urine is 4 times higher than the control value, the osmolarity of urine is reduced by 60–77%, experimental animals lose essentially more sodium with the urine than control animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01851881
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Individueller Verlauf des experimentellen akuten Nierenversagens: Morphologie, Funktion, Plasmareninaktivität (1974)
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 164 (1974), S. 203-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Acute renal failure ; Individual course ; Renal ischemia ; Rabbit ; Histology ; Function ; Plasma renin activity ; Experimentelles akutes Nierenversagen ; Individueller Verlauf ; Renale Ischämie ; Kaninchen ; Histologie ; Funktion ; Plasmareninaktivität
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An 26 Kaninchen wurde der individuelle Verlauf des experimentellen akuten Nierenversagens (ANV) verfolgt und Änderungen der Funktion und Plasmareninaktivität den lichtmikroskopischen morphologischen Schädigungen gegenübergestellt. Trotz identischer auslösender Noxe zeigte der Einzelverlauf starke Variationen der Funktionseinschränkung, der Plasmareninaktivität und histologischer Veränderungen. Zwischen überlebenden (Gruppe A,n = 10) und urämisch sterbenden Tieren (Gruppe B,n = 16) bestand schon vom 1. postischämischen Tag an ein signifikanter Unterschied der Plasmaharnstoffkonzentration und Plasmareninaktivität (P 〈 0,01). Beide Parameter zeigten im weiteren Verlauf trotz erheblicher individueller Streuung ein für jede Gruppe charakteristisches Verhalten. Dagegen waren die morphologischen Schädigungen außerordentlich variabel und erlaubten keine Korrelation zur Einschränkung der Nierenfunktion oder dem Ausmaß der Aktivitätssteigerung des systemischen Renins.
    Notes: Summary The individual course of experimental acute renal failure (ARF) was investigated in 26 rabbits with respect to changes of renal function, plasma renin activity (PRA), and morphology. Although the cause of ARF (i.e. renal ischemia) was identical in all animals the individual course was characterized by a great variability of functional disturbance, alterations of PRA, and the degree of histological impairment. However, already on the first postischemic day a significant difference of both plasma urea concentration and plasma renin activity between group A (surviving,n = 10) and group B (non-surviving animals,n = 16) could be found, a difference that increased in significance during subsequent days of observation. In contrast the morphology was quite variabel and the degree of histological impairment could not be correlated with chance of survival, renal function, and elevation of PRA, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01852336
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Satellite measurements of the moon's magnetic field: A preliminary report (1972)
    Springer
    Earth, moon and planets 4 (1972), S. 419-429 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A preliminary analysis of the data from the UCLA magnetometer on board the Apollo 15 subsatellite indicates that remnant magnetization is a characteristic property of the Moon, that its distribution is such as to produce a rather complex pattern or fine structure, and that a detailed mapping of its distribution is feasible with the present experiment. The analysis also shows that lunar induction fields produced by transients in the interplanetary magnetic field are detectable at the satellite orbit so that in principle the magnetometer data can be used to determine the latitudinal and longitudinal as well as radial dependences of the distribution of electrical conductivity within the Moon. Finally, the analysis indicates that the plasma void or diamagnetic cavity which forms behind the Moon when the Moon is in the solar wind, is detectable at the satellite's orbit and that the flow of the solar wind near the limbs is usually rather strongly disturbed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00562008
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Topology of induced lunar magnetic fields (1973)
    Springer
    Earth, moon and planets 7 (1973), S. 279-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Using the asymmetric theory of lunar induction derived by Schubertet al. (1973a), we have obtained the total and induced magnetic field line structure within the Moon and the diamagnetic cavity. Total field distributions are shown for orientations of the oscillating interplanetary field parallel, perpendicular and at 45° to the cavity axis. Induced field lines are shown only for the orientations of the interplanetary field parallel and orthogonal to the cavity axis. When compared with the field lines derived using the long wavelength limit of spherically symmetric vacuum induction theory, the configurations obtained using the asymmetric theory exhibit significant distortion. For all orientations of the interplanetary field, the field lines are strongly compressed on the sunlit hemisphere because of the confining solar wind pressure at the lunar surface and the exclusion of the field by the lunar ‘core’. Field line compression is also observed in the antisolar region in agreement with the experimental observations of Schubertet al. (1973b). and Smithet al. (1973). For the parallel orientation of the interplanetary field, antisolar compression is caused by cavity confinement of the induced field. For the interplanetary field perpendicular to the cavity axis there is, in addition to compression by the cavity boundary, redistribution of field lines from the sunlit to the night side. In this case field lines entering the Moon just forward of the limb pass through the lunar ‘crust’ on the night side and then exit forward of the limb. This phenomenon manifests itself as a displacement of the null in the induced magnetic field at the surface sunward of the limb, in striking similarity to the magnetospheric field lines of the Earth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00564635
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