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  • Insulin secretion  (4)
  • islets of Langerhans  (3)
  • (Pancreatic β-cell)  (1)
  • (Rat)  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    FEBS Letters 170 (1984), S. 196-200 
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Keywords: Cytosolic Ca^2^+ ; Glucose ; Insulin secretion ; Quin2 ; Voltage-dependent Ca^2^+-channel
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Molecular Cell Research 1010 (1989), S. 283-286 
    ISSN: 0167-4889
    Keywords: (Rat) ; Depolarization ; Glucose ; Pancreatic islet ; Sodium ; Tolbutamide
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Molecular Cell Research 720 (1982), S. 320-328 
    ISSN: 0167-4889
    Keywords: (Pancreatic β-cell) ; Ba^2^+ accumulation ; Insulin secretion ; Stimulus-secretion coupling
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Molecular Cell Research 888 (1986), S. 270-277 
    ISSN: 0167-4889
    Keywords: (Pancreatic β cell) ; Cadmium accumulation ; Insulin secretion ; Stimulus-secretion coupling
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/General Subjects 630 (1980), S. 425-432 
    ISSN: 0304-4165
    Keywords: (Mitochondria, pancreas) ; Ca^2^+ metabolism ; Insulin secretion ; Stimulus-secretion coupling ; cyclic AMP
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Ca2+ signalling ; diabetes mellitus ; glucose insulin secretion ; islets of Langerhans ; oscillations pancreatic beta cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Mechanisms of pulsatile insulin release in man were explored by studying the induction of oscillatory Ca2+ signals in individual beta cells and islets isolated from the human pancreas. Evidence was provided for a glucose-induced closure of ATP-regulated K+ channels, resulting in voltage-dependent entry of Ca2+. The observation of step-wise increases of capacitance in response to depolarizing pulses suggests that an enhanced influx of Ca2+ is an effective means of stimulating the secretory activity of the isolated human beta cell. Activation of muscarinic receptors (1–10 μmol/l carbachol) and of purinergic P2 receptors (0.01–1 μmol/l ATP) resulted in repetitive transients followed by sustained elevation of the cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). Periodic mobilisation of intracellular calcium was seen also when injecting 100 μmol/l GTP-γ-S into beta cells hyperpolarized to −70 mV. Individual beta cells responded to glucose and tolbutamide with increases of [Ca2+]i, manifested either as large amplitude oscillations (frequency 0.1–0.5/min) or as a sustained elevation. Glucose regulation was based on sudden transitions between the basal and the two alternative states of raised [Ca2+]i at threshold concentrations of the sugar characteristic for the individual beta cells. The oscillatory characteristics of coupled cells were determined collectively rather than by particular pacemaker cells. In intact pancreatic islets the glucose induction of well-synchronized [Ca2+]i oscillations had its counterpart in 2–5 min pulses of insulin. Each of these pulses could be resolved into regularly occurring short insulin transients. It is concluded that glucose stimulation of insulin release in man is determined by the number of beta cells entering into a state with Ca2+-induced secretory pulses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 7 (1971), S. 256-265 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: α-aminoisobutyric acid ; diazoxide ; dibut-yryl cyclic 3′5′-AMP ; glucose ; insulin release ; islets of Langerhans ; mannoheptulose ; membrane transport ; 3-0-methyl glucose ; neutral amino acids ; obese-hyperglycemic mice ; pancreaticβ-cell ; sodium ; sucrose space ; urea space
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le transport de l'acide α-aminoisobutyrique (AIB) a été étudié dans des îlots pancréatiques microdisséqués de souris obèses-hyperglycémiques. Ces îlots sont caractérisés par une proportion inhabituellement élevée de celluleβ insulino-sécrétrices. Les principales observations suivantes ont été faites: 1. Les cellules des îlots montraient une captation concentrante d'AIB, aboutissant à des rapports de distribution bien plus élevés que l'unité. La captation était diminuée par l'anoxie et par la suppression de sodium du milieu. 2. La L-alanine et la L-méthionine, mais non la L-leucine, réduisaient l'accumulation d'AIB dans les îlots qui avaient été préincubés en l'absence d'acide aminé exogène. Après charge préalable avec la L-alanine il y avait une captation accrue d'AIB. 3. Le D-glucose, le D-galactose, le diazoxide, le 3′,5′-AMP cyclique dibutyril et le D-mannoheptulose avaient des effets mineurs ou non significatifs sur la captation d'AIB. 4. La libération d'AIB des cellules insulaires était stimulée par l'AIB exogène ou par la L-alanine. Les auteurs concluent que les cellulesβ pancréatiques contiennent un mécanisme pour le transport des acides aminés neutres semblable au système A de beaucoup d'autres cellules. L'effet stimulant du glucose sur la biosynthèse de l'insuline ne semble pas être assuré par l'intermédiaire de ce système. Le co-transport d'acide aminé et de sodium ne suffit probablement pas à provoquer une décharge d'insuline à partir de cellulesβ mûres.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Der Transport von α-Aminoisobuttersäure (ABS) wurde in mikrosezierten Pankreasinseln von fettsüchtigen hyperglykämischen Mäusen untersucht. Diese Inseln sind durch eine ungewöhnlich hohe Menge von Insulin sezernierendenβ-Zellen charakterisiert. Es wurden folgende wesentliche Beobachtungen gemacht: 1. Die Inselzellen führten eine konzentrierende Aufnahme von ABS durch. Die Aufnahme wurde durch Anoxämie und durch Fehlen von Natrium im Milieu verringert. 2. L-Alanin und 1-Methionin, aber nicht 1-Leuzin verringerten die Speicherung von ABS in den Inseln, die ohne exogene Aminosäuren vorinkubiert worden waren. Nach einer vorherigen Anreicherung mit 1-Alanin wurde ABS verstärkt aufgenommen. 3. D-Glukose, D-Galaktose, Diazoxid, dibutyryl zyklisches 3,5-AMP und D-Manno-heptulose hatten einen geringeren Effekt auf die ABS-Aufnahme. 4. Der Efflux von ABS aus den Inselzellen wurde durch exogenes ABS oder 1-Alanin stimuliert. Es wurde daraus geschlossen, daß dieβ-Zellen des Pankreas einen Mechanismus für den Transport von neutralen Aminosäuren, ähnlich dem A-System mancher anderer Zellen enthalten. Der stimulierende Effekt von Glukose auf die Insulin-Biosynthese scheint nicht durch diesen vermittelt zu sein. Der Ko-Transport von Aminosäuren und Natrium ist wahrscheinlich nicht ausreichend, um Insulin aus der reifenβ-Zelle zu entladen.
    Notes: Summary Transport of α-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) was studied in microdissected pancreatic islets of obesehyperglycaemic mice. These islets are characterized by an unusually high proportion of insulin-secretingβ-cells. The following main observations were made. 1. The islet cells exhibited a concentrative uptake of AIB, yielding distribution ratios much higher than unity. The uptake was depressed by anoxia and by the omission of sodium from the medium. 2. L-Alanine and L-methionine, but not L-leucine, reduced the accumulation of AIB in islets which had been preincubated in the absence of exogenous amino acid. After preloading with L-alanine there was an enhanced uptake of AIB. 3. D-Glucose, D-galactose, diazoxide, dibutyryl cyclic 3′,5′-AMP, and D-mannoheptulose had minor or insignificant effects on the uptake of AIB. 4. Efflux of AIB from the islet cells was stimulated by exogenous AIB or L-alanine. It is concluded that the pancreaticβ-cells contain a mechanism for transport of neutral amino acids similar to the A-system of many other cells. The stimulating effect of glucose on insulin biosynthesis does not seem to be mediated by this system. Co-transport of amino acid and sodium is probably not enough to elicit a discharge of insulin from matureβ-cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Calcium uptake ; islets of Langerhans ; insulin release ; ob/ob-mice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The uptake of45Ca2+ by a lanthanum-nondisplaceable pool in pancreatic islets was studied. Raising the extracellular D-glucose concentration from 3 to 20 mM stimulated the45Ca2+ uptake in hand-dissected islets of ob/ob-mice as well as in collagenase-isolated islets of ob/ob or normal mice. The effect was dose-dependent in the range of 0–20 mM D-glucose and was seen throughout a wide range of extracellular calcium concentrations (16 μmol — 2.56 mmol of Ca2+ added per litre of medium). The45Ca2+ uptake was also enhanced by other known insulin secretagogues (D-mannose, L-leucine, tolbutamide) and was uninfluenced by compounds lacking insulinreleasing capacity (3-O-methyl-D-glucose, L-glucose, D-galactose, D-leucine). The stimulatory effect of D-glucose was blocked by inhibitors of glucoseinduced insulin release (D-mannoheptulose, diazoxide, L-adrenaline). The results support the view that the lanthanum-nondisplaceable calcium pool is related to the insulin-releasing mechanism, although the exact nature of this relationship is still unclear.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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