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  • Naloxone  (2)
  • cannibalism  (2)
  • 06.60  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aggression and risk assessment during predatory interactions between first-instarSinea diadema (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 7 (1994), S. 297-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: Reduviidae ; intraspecific interactions ; cannibalism ; predation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The behaviors exhibited by first-instarSinea diadema (F.) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) during intraspecific interactions are described. Five distinct behaviors were characterized: posturing, striking, stalking, stridulating, and beaking. Distinct bouts of grappling were also noted. Interactions between unfed 2-day-old nymphs, unfed 3-day-old nymphs, and unfed 5-day-old nymphs were recorded and analyzed. The behavior of the nymphs changed with the duration of food deprivation. As the period of food deprivation increased from 2 to 5 days, the frequency of posturing decreased as the frequency of beaking increased. During noncannibalistic interactions, posturing or striking by one nymph was most frequently followed by posturing by the other nymph. In contrast, during cannibalistic interactions, posturing or striking was usually followed by beaking. The incidence of grappling increased with the duration of food deprivation. Moreover, grappling always preceded cannibalism. Although first instars were capable of capturing and killing conspecifics of the same age, cannibalism occurred only after 4 days of food deprivation. These results suggest that a decision-making process is involved. During interactions the nymphs can assess the vulnerability of the opponent. Whereas recently emerged nymphs usually forego the risk of attacking conspecifics, the attacks made by nymphs deprived of food are more persistent despite the danger of predation by their opponent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01989737
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of hunger on intraspecific interactions between first-instarSinea diadema (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 9 (1996), S. 37-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: predator-prey interactions ; Reduviidae ; hunger ; cannibalism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Fed and unfed first instars of the spined assassin bugSinea diadema were paired to evaluate the effects of food deprivation on their behaviour during encounters. Fed nymphs encountering starved 5-day-old nymphs retreated from 69% of the encounters after contacting the starved nymph. In contrast, starved nymphs initiated grappling during 30% of the encounters with fed nymphs and retreated significantly less often than the fed nymphs. When a single fed nymph was placed together with two unfed 3-day-old nymphs in a closed arena, the fed nymphs generally were not the first nymph cannibalized and were the final survivors in 67% of 24 replicates. These results are discussed in the context of the relative costs and benefits of escalating or retreating from encounters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02213722
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of viscosity dependent fluorescence lifetime using a synchronously operated picosecond streak camera (1980)
    Springer
    Applied physics 21 (1980), S. 13-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 33.50 ; 06.60 ; 82.50
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Exciting with picosecond pulses from a mode locked cw dye laser and using the Synchroscan continuously operating streak camera, the variation in the fluorescence lifetime with viscosity over the range 0.5 cp–250 cp of some mode locking and potential mode locking polymethine dyes of the cyanine family were investigated. The measured lifetimes were found to follow a ∼2/3 or 1/3 power dependence of the viscosity η.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00886477
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Yohimbine co-treatment during chronic morphine administration attenuates naloxone-precipitated withdrawal without diminishing tail-flick analgesia in rats (1991)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 103 (1991), S. 407-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Yohimbine ; Morphine ; Naloxone ; Withdrawal ; Tail flick latency ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Noradrenergic neuronal hyperactivity following chronic morphine administration has been postulated to cause withdrawal signs and symptoms. Suppression of this hyperactivity, for example, by clonidine attenuates withdrawal. It might follow, therefore, that the prevention of suppression of noradrenergic systems during chronic morphine administration might diminish hyperactivity and prevent withdrawal. If the normalization of noradrenergic activity during opioid administration did not also suppress analgesia, it might be of medical and theoretical interest. To test this hypothesis, we gave the alpha-2-antagonist yohimbine to rats in order to increase noradrenergic activity during morphine treatment and then subsequently precipitated morphine withdrawal with naloxone. Six groups were examined: saline controls (N=11), morphine (N=11), morphine + 2.0 mg/kg/day yohimbine (N=15), morphine + 3.0 mg/kg/day yohimbine (N=5), 2.0 mg/kg/day yohimbine (N=11) and 3.0 mg/kg/day yohimbine (N=5). Subjects received 75 mg morphine pellets implanted on day 1,4 and 6 of the treatment or sham implantation. Yohimbine was delivered throughout the morphine treatment by subcutaneously implanted osmotic pumps. On day 7, all subjects were given 1.0 mg/kg naloxone and rated for behavioral signs of withdrawal. Analgesia was measured by observing tail flick latencies (TFL) before and after chronic drug treatments. Naloxone-precipitated withdrawal was characterized by irritability, ptosis, penile erection, diarrhea, rhinorrhea, abnormal posture, wetdog shakes, jumping, and teeth chattering, none of which were observed in groups receiving only saline or yohimbine. Withdrawal behavior was attenuated in a dose-dependent manner when yohimbine was administered during morphine treatment but analgesia was not attenuated. It appears that yohimbine-induced antagonism of alpha-2-adrenergic receptors diminishes the development of the potential for adrenergic hyperactivity and morphine withdrawal without reducing opioid analgesia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02244297
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clonidine infusions into the locus coeruleus attenuate behavioral and neurochemical changes associated with naloxone-precipitated withdrawal (1988)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 96 (1988), S. 121-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Clonidine ; Locus coeruleus ; Intracerebral infusion ; Withdrawal ; Naloxone ; Morphine ; 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Clonidine, an alpha-2-adrenergic agonist, suppresses signs of opiate withdrawal in animals and in man. Electrical or chemical stimulation of the nucleus locus coeruleus (LC) increases noradrenergic activity and brain concentration of the noradrenergic metabolite MHPG, and produces many signs of opiate withdrawal. Thus, clonidine's ability to attenuate withdrawal might be due to the reduction of noradrenergic neuronal activity originating in the LC, but additional alpha-2-adrenergic receptors throughout the body and other mechanisms may also play a role. The present study explored the neuroanatomical and pharmacological selectivity of alpha-2-adrenergic receptors of the LC in the anti-withdrawal action of clonidine. Experiment 1 tested the hypothesis that behavioral and biochemical measures of naloxone-precipitated withdrawal from morphine would be blocked by infusions of clonidine (0.6 or 2.4 μg/μl) into the LC. Significant reductions were observed in the occurrence of diarrhea, ptosis, weight loss and wet-dog shakes. Clonidine also reversed the naloxone-precipitated increase in hippocampus MHPG concentration. In experiment 2 subjects received an LC infusion or IP injection of a non-lipophilic alpha-2-agonist (ST-91), which does not penetrate the blood-brain barrier, or of clonidine into the dorsal parabrachial nucleus (DPB) to test the selectivity of the effects of clonidine infusions into the LC. ST-91 infusions into the LC reduced several of the observed withdrawal signs and increased others (e.g., jumping). Although peripheral injections of ST-91 attenuated some of the checked signs associated with naloxone-precipitated withdrawal, the frequency of wet-dog shakes was not reduced. ST-91 infusions into the LC, but not systemic ST-91 administration, prevented the withdrawal-induced increase in hippocampus MHPG concentration. Clonidine infused lateral to the LC into the DPB did not significantly attenuate withdrawal or reduce hippocampus MHPG levels. These results provide behavioral and biochemical evidence to support the suggestion that clonidine significantly attenuates naloxone-precipitated withdrawal through an interaction with noradrenergic neurons located in the vicinity of the LC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02431544
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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