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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 116 (1985), S. 689-691 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Malononitrile ; Dimerization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine einfache Dimerisierung von Malononitril unter Verwendung von Alkalihydroxid in Methanol und Ethanol wird beschrieben. Dabei entsteht in guter Ausbeute 2-Amino-1,1,3-tricyan-propen, ein wichtiges Ausgangsprodukt zur Synthese von Heterocyclen.
    Notes: Abstract A simple method for the dimerization of malononitrile using alkali hydroxides in methanol or ethanol is described. Thereby 2-Amino-1,1,3-tricyanopropene, a keyintermediate for heterocyclic chemistry, is obtained in high yield.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Cyanoacetaldehyde ; Hydrazones ; Cyanopyrazoles ; Aminopyrazoles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Verschiedene Umsetzungen mit Cyanacetaldehyd (1), welcher durch Ozonolyse von (E)-1,4-Dicyanbuten oder Allylcyanid hergestellt wurde, werden beschrieben. Reaktion von1 mit Anilinen führt zu den β-Phenylaminoacrylnitrilen2a–e. Umsetzungen von1 mit Hydrazinen ergeben die entsprechenden Hydrazonderivate3a–e, welche unter alkalischen Bedingungen zu den 5-Aminopyrazolen4a–d cyclisiert werden können. Ein Aldol-ähnliches Kondensationsprodukt5a wird durch Reaktion von1 mit Natriumphenolat erhalten. Erhitzen von1 in Dimethylformamiddimethylacetal führt zur Bildung von (E)-3-Dimethylamino-2-formylpropennitril (6), ein wichtiges Zwischenprodukt für organische Synthesen. Die Struktur kann mit NOE-Experimenten geklärt werden. Reaktion von6 mit Hydrazinen führt zu 1-substituierten 4-Cyanpyrazolen7a–k.
    Notes: Summary Various reactions of cyanoacetaldehyde (1), freshly prepared by ozonization of (E)-1,4-dicyano-2-butene or allylcyanide, are described. Thus, conversion of1 with anilines gave β-phenylaminoacrylonitriles2a–e. Reaction of1 with hydrazines led to the corresponding hydrazones3a–e, which could be cyclized under alkaline conditions to 5-aminopyrazoles4a–d. An aldol-type condensation product5a could be obtained by reaction of1 with sodiumphenoxide. Treatment of1 with dimethylformamide-dimethylacetal led to the formation of (E)-3-dimethylamino-2-formylpropenenitrile (6), a very useful synthon in synthetic chemistry. For the determination of the structure of6 the method of steady state differential NOEs was used. Reaction of6 with hydrazines gave 1-substituted-4-cyanopyrazoles7a–k.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Cyanoacetate ; Dimethylformamide-dimethylacetal ; Malononitrile
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Reaction of malononitrile dimer (1) and the codimer from cyanoacetate and malononitrile (2) with dimethylformamide-dimethylacetal (DMFDMA) leads to the monocondensation products5 a, b. The isomeric codimer3, however, gives the amidine6. Ring closure reactions of5 a with ammonia and primary aliphatic and aromatic amines yield 2,4-diamino-3,5-pyridinedicarbonitriles7 a–j, in the case of5 b the 4-amino-1,2-dihydro-2-oxo-3,5-pyridinedicarbonitriles8 b–i. Reactions of1 and2 with an excess ofDMFDMA give the biscondensation products11 a, 11 b.11 b reacts with primary aromatic amines to give the pyridine derivatives13. The structure of13 was confirmed by hydrolytical cleavage to the dicyano-aminopyridone14. Treatment of13 with concentrated hydrochloric acid leads to the pyridopyrimidine derivatives15.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Ozonolysis ; 1,4-Cyclohexadiene ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ozonolysis of Olefins, I.  -  Ozonolysis of 1,4-Cyclohexadiene and Acid-Catalysed Reaction of Primary Cleavage ProductsThe reaction of 1,4-cyclohexadiene (1) with ozone under different reaction conditions was investigated. Complete ozonolysis of 1 in chloroform led to a highly explosive ozonide. Oxidative ozonolysis gave malonic acid in 30% yield, ozonolysis in alcoholic solutions of HCl gave alkyl 3,3-dialkoxypropionates 3 in 60-70% yield and small amounts of the 1,1,3,3-tetraalkoxypropane 4 as well as dialkyl malonate 5. Partial ozonolysis of 1 in HCl/methanol led to a mixture of 3, 5, and the corresponding (Z)-3-hexene derivatives 6a-c. Depending on the reaction time and concentration of HCl, also the two methanol addition products 7b and 7d could be obtained. To verify the structure of these two compounds, 4-methoxycyclohexene (8) was ozonized in HCl/methanol, which gave a mixture of 7a-d.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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