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  • Inorganic Chemistry  (3)
  • Botulinum toxin  (2)
  • 12-methoxyabietic acid  (1)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Spasmodic torticollis ; Botulinum toxin ; Polymyography ; Pathophysiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Polymyographic recordings were used to identify the most dystonic muscles suitable for local injection with botulinum toxin in 100 patients with spasmodic torticollis (TS). Rotating TS (72% of the patients) was due to dystonic activity of the splenius muscle ipsilateral to and/or the sternocleidomastoid muscle contralateral to the side of chin deviation. One-third of these patients had also dystonic activation of the contralateral splenius muscle and, rarely, the contralateral trapezius muscle. Ten patients had laterocollis due to dystonic activation of all recorded muscles on one side of the neck. Nine patients had retrocollis due to activity of both splenius muscles and rarely additional activity in both trapezius muscles. The type of dystonic muscle activity was found to be tonic, phasic or tremulous. Besides the evaluation of spontaneous dystonic EMG activity further examination during the “geste antagoniste” or the muscle activity during rotating head movements can provide additional information. It is concluded that polymyography may provide a rationale for identifying the dystonic muscles underlying the different forms of TS. It may prove to be helpful for the successful therapy with botulinum toxin and may be useful in differentiating tremulous torticollis from other types of head tremor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Spasmodic torticollis ; Botulinum toxin ; Poly-EMG
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thirty-seven patients with spasmodic torticollis (cervical dystonia) who received repeated local injections of botulinum toxin have been followed up for a mean period of 12.3 (10–29) months, during which time 138 treatment sessions were performed. Mean doses per muscle averaged 320 mouse units (mu; range 160–1000 mu botulinum toxin A prepared by CAMR, Porton Down, UK). Eighty-six per cent of patients experienced significant improvement of posture and 84% of those with pain had relief following the first injection. Muscular patterns of recurrent torticollis were relatively constant and in most patients efficacy was maintained with subsequent injections, while 15% of all follow-up sessions failed. Only 2 of 37 patients were consistent non-responders; 22% and 10% of all sessions were complicated by transient dysphagia and weakness of neck muscles, respectively. It is concluded that local botulinum toxin injections can be a safe and efficaceous long-term treatment of spasmodic torticollis and that optimal doses should be between 200 and 400 mu/muscle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Larch ; tamarack ; larch sawfly ; Pristiphora erichsonii ; abietic acid ; dehydroabietic acid ; 12-methoxyabietic acid ; sandaracopimaric acid ; isopimaric acid ; Larix laricina
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The machanisms by which the larvae of the larch sawfly,Pristiphora erichsonii (Hartig), are prevented from feeding on the single needles of the new shoot of tamarack,Larix laricina (DuRoi) K. Koch, were studied. As a result of extensive purification attempts, five deterrent chemicals were isolated and identified. They are: abietic, dehydroabietic, 12-methoxyabietic, sandaracopimaric, and isopimaric acid. These chemicals, particularly the first two, are abundant in mid-July to August in the single needles and, apparently, provide the basis for the deterrency against the larval feeding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 558 (1988), S. 189-192 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reaction of Sulfides with Nitrogen Monoxide in Aqueous SolutionThe title reaction has been reinvestigated by VIS/UV and NMR spectrometric measurements. The formation of N-nitrosohydroxylamine monosulfonate could be confirmed. Moreover we could observe that unstable orange-yellow perthionitrite appears temporarily.
    Notes: Die Titelreaktion ist durch VIS/UV- und NMR-spektrometrische Messungen erneut untersucht worden. Dabei konnte die überraschende Entstehung von N-Nitrosohydroxyl-aminmonosulfonat bestätigt und überdies die vorübergehende Bildung von in Wasser unbeständigem orangegelbem Perthionitrit nachgewiesen werden.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 538 (1986), S. 177-190 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigation of the Reaction of Sulfur with Sodium Nitrite in DMF, DMSO, and HMPAThe mechanism of the title reaction has been elucidated by VIS/UV, IR, 15N NMR, and ESR spectrometric measurements, gas analysis, and chromatography. The course of the complex reaction and the great number of products  -  nitrous oxide, nitric oxide, sodium thiosulfate, sulfate, polysulfides, polythionates, nitrate  -  can be explained with the assumption that at first perthionitrates NaSxNO2 are formed, which are decomposed either to give dinitrogen monoxide and thiosulfate, or, react with nitrite to yield nitrate and perthionitrite NaS2NO which dissociates reversibly into sodium trisulfide(-I) and nitrogen monoxide. (The details of the two main series of competitive and consecutive reaction steps can be seen from the tabular summary at the end of the text). The characteristic colour change during the reaction from blue-Green to orange-red is due to the formation of the two coloured species: S3- (blue, λmax = 620 nm, g = 2.029) and ONSS- (red, λmax = 448 nm, δ(15N) = 334 ppm, ref. K15NO3).
    Notes: Durch VIS/UV-, IR-, 15N-NMR- und ESR-spektrometrische Messungen, sowie chromatographische und Gas-Analysen ist der Mechanismus der Titelreaktion aufgeklärt worden. Der Verlauf der komplexen Umsetzung und die groβe Anzahl von Produkten  -  Distickstoffoxid, Stickstoffmonoxid, Natriumthiosulfat, Sulfat, Polysulfide, Polythionate, Nitrat  -  können mit der Annahme erklärt werden, daß zunächst Natriumperthionitrate NaSxNO2 entstehen, die sich in Distickstoffoxid und Thiosulfat zersetzen, oder auch mit Nitrit zu Nitrat und Perthionitrit, NaSSNO, reagieren, das reversibel in Stickoxid und Natriumtrisulfid(1 - ) dissoziiert. (Bezüglich der Einzelheiten der konkurrierenden und aufeinander folgenden Reaktionsschritte vgl. Tab. 2.) Der charakteristische Farbwechsel während der Titelreaktion von blau-grün über braun nach orangerot ist auf die Entstehung zweier Farbträger zurückzuführen: S3- (blau, λmax = 620 nm, g = 2,029) und ONSS- (rot, λmax = 448 nm, δ(15N) = 334 ppm, bez. auf K15NO3).
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 24 (1891), S. 4231-4233 
    ISSN: 0365-9496
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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