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  • Chemistry  (144)
  • Crystal Structure  (3)
  • HbA1c  (2)
  • 2,2′-Bipyridyl molybdenum difluoridedioxide  (1)
  • Acetylene tungsten complexes  (1)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 126 (2000), S. 412-417 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Key words Type 1 diabetes mellitus ; Type 2 diabetes mellitus ; Cancer ; Neoplasia ; HbA1c ; Nephropathy ; Retinopathy ; Peripheral neuropathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In patients with diabetes mellitus, contradictory results have been reported indicating both increased and reduced risks of malignancies. In the present trial all insulin-treated diabetic patients (n = 2720) attending our centre since 1995 were studied. Of these patients, 28 (type 1/type 2: n = 1/27, 23 women) developed malignancies during insulin therapy: 11 patients developed cancer of the breast, 4 patients cancer of the pancreas, 3 patients cancer of the kidneys and 10 patients developed other malignancies. The characteristics of these patients [mean ± SD (range)] were as follows: age 68.8 ± 8.6 (52.0–87.0) years, diabetes duration 13.1 ± 8.1 (0.5–29.0) years, duration of insulin therapy at the time of the diagnosis of malignancy 4.3 ± 5.7 (0.5–24.0) years, insulin dosage 0.67 ± 0.43 (0.11–1.72) IU/kg body weight, mean HbA1c 9.6 ± 1.9 (6.8–14.9)% (HPLC, Diamat, normal range 4.4%–5.9%). The prevalences of nephropathy, retinopathy (non-proliferative: n = 7) and peripheral neuropathy were 35.7%, 25.0% and 46.4% respectively. When the features of the 27 patients with type 2 diabetes were compared with the characteristics of the type 2 diabetic patients (n = 117, 63 women) studied in a population-based survey of insulin-treated diabetic patients, also performed in the area of Jena [JEVIN; Schiel R et al. (1997a)] there were no significant differences in the duration of insulin therapy (JEVIN: 4.7 ± 4.3 years, P = 0.64), insulin dosage (JEVIN: 0.55 ± 0.27 IU/kg body weight, P = 0.08), mean HbA1c (JEVIN: 9.0 ± 2.1%, P = 0.16) and the prevalences of long-term complications of diabetes. The quality of diabetes control in insulin-treated patients suffering from malignancies is comparable to that of a selection-free population of diabetic patients. Furthermore, in comparison to non-diabetic subjects our diabetic patients showed no altered risk for malignancies as a function of insulin dosage, the duration of diabetes or insulin therapy, the quality of diabetes control or the prevalence of long-term complications of the disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1615-6722
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Diabetes mellitus Typ I ; Intensivierte Insulintherapie ; Schulung ; Qualitätssicherung ; HbA1c ; Schwere Hypoglykämie ; Ketoazidose ; Computer ; Key Words Diabetes mellitus Type I ; Intensified insulin therapy ; Patient education ; Qualitiy management ; HbA1c ; Severe hypoglycemia ; Ketoacidosis ; Computer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Aim: Intensified insulin therapy is the therapy of choice for patients with diabetes Type I. Intensified insulin therapy includes an basis-bolus insulin injection regimen or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion, several times daily blood glucose self-monitoring, self-adaptation of insulin dosages by the patients themselves and a far-reaching liberalization of nutrition. The patients learn selfmanagement of diabetes therapy in a structured treatment and teaching program. The effectivity of this program is evaluated in the routine care. Patients and Method: A peer-review quality circle was formed as an official working group of the German Diabetes Association based on the formation of a working group (Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Strukturierte Diabetestherapie [ASD]) of presently 135 general internal medicine departments from city, country and university hospitals throughout the country. The group attempted to document and to improve the quality of structure and process of Type-I diabetes care in its participating institutions by a system of peer supervision. Systematic follow-up examinations of 50 consecutive Type-I diabetic patients 12 to 15 months after participation in the program confirm the outcome quality. The working group meets every year to discuss the results non anonymously. A PC-system (DIQUAL) was developed for collecting, checking and pooling of the outcome data. Results: From 1992 a representative sample of 6.555 patients with Type-I diabetes was examined. At the first time in 1998 the outcome results of 1.789 patients were analyzed depending on the therapeutic goals. In patients with a high initial HbA1c (≥ 8%) an improvement from 9.8 to 8.0% was reached going together with a reduction of severe hypoglycemia from 0.23 to 0.13/patient/year. In patients with an acceptable initial HbA1c (〈 8%) the frequency of severe hypoglycemia could be reduced from 0.65 to 0.24/patient/year without any deterioration in metabolic control. Furthermore the incidence of ketoacidosis with hospitalization and the inpatient days were reduced significantly. Conclusion: A substantial improvement of HbA1c and reduction of acute complications, especially of severe hypoglycemia in patients with Type-I diabetes were reached by participation in a structured teaching and treatment programme in clinical routine care.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Fragestellung: Die intensivierte Insulintherapie ist die Therapie der Wahl für Patienten mit Typ-I-Diabetes. Die intensivierte Insulintherapie beinhaltet eine Insulinapplikation nach dem Basis-Bolus-Prinzip oder eine Insulinpumpentherapie., die Selbstanpassung der Insulindosis durch den Patienten nach dem aktuellen Blutglucosewert und eine weitgehende Liberalisierung der Ernährung. In einem strukturierten Behandlungs- und Schulungsprogramm erlernen die Patienten der Selbsttherapie. Die Effektivität dieses Programms in der klinischen Routineversorgung wurde überprüft. Patienten und Methode: Zur Evaluation der Behandlungs- und Schulungsprogramms in der klinischen Routine haben sich 135 Akutkrankenhäuser und Universitätskliniken in der Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Strukturierte Diabetestherapie (ASD) der Deutschen Diabetesgesellschaft zusammengeschlossen. Die Struktur- und Prozessqualität in den beteiligten medizinischen Einrichtungen wird durch ein System der gegenseitigen Hospitation (“Peer Supervision”) festgestellt. Der Nachweis der Ergebnisqualität erfolgt durch persönliche Nachuntersuchung einer Stichprobe von mindestens 50 Patienten zwölf bis 15 Monate nach Teilnahme am Behandlungsprogramm. Die Diskussion der Ergebnisse bei der Jahrestagung erfolgt nicht anonym. Zur Erfassung, Überprüfung und Zusammenführung der Ergebnisdaten im Arbeitsalltag wurde DIQUAL, ein PC-System zum ambulanten und stationären Diabetesmanagement entwickelt. Ergebnisse: Seit 1992 wurde eine Stichprobe von 6 555 Patienten evaluiert. Für das Jahr 1998 wurden die Ergebnisdaten von 1 789 Patienten erstmals therapiezielgerecht analysiert. Bei Patienten mit hohem Ausgangs-HbA1c-Wert (≥ 8%) wurde eine Verbesserung von 9,8 auf 8,0% mit einer Reduktion schwerer Hypoglykämien von 0,23 auf 0,13/Patient/Hahr erreicht. Bei Patienten mit akzeptablem Ausgangs-HbA1c (〈 8%) konnten schwere Hypoglykämien von 0,65 auf 0,24/Patient/Jahr reduziert werden ohne eine Verschlechterung der Stoffwechseleinstellung. Die Inzidenz von Ketoazidosen und Krankenhausaufenthalten konnte signifikant gesenkt werden. Schlussfolgerung: Durch strukturierte Therapie und Schulung der Patienten mit Diabetes Typ I in der klinischen Routineversorgung wurden eine deutliche HbA1c-Verbesserung und eine drastische Verminderung von Akutkomplikationen, insbesondere der schweren Unterzuckerungen, erreicht.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 109 (1976), S. 3039-3046 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The Crystal Structure and Vibrational Spectrum of Titanium Trichloride Azide, TiCl3N3TiCl3N3 crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1 with two formula units per unit cell. The crystal structure was solved with X-ray diffraction data (R = 5.4%, 1928 observed reflexions) In the structure exist dimeric units (TiCl3N3)2 in which the Ti atoms are linked with each other via the α-N atoms of the azido groups. The (TiCl3N3)2 groups are associated via chloro bridges forming zigzag chains. 2N and 3Cl atoms are the next neighbours around the titanium forming approximately a tetragonal pyramid. One more distant Cl atom completes the coordination polyhedron to a distorted octahedron. The Raman and the i. r. spectrum are assigned.
    Notes: TiCl3N3 kristallisiert triklin in der Raumgruppe p1 mit zwei Formeleinheiten pro Elementarzelle. Die Kristallstruktur wurde durch Röntgenbeugungsdaten ermittelt (R = 5.4%, 1928 beobachtete Reflexe). In der Struktur liegen dimere (TiCl3N3)2-Gruppen vor, in welchen die Ti-Atome über die α-Atome der Azidogruppen miteinander verbrückt sind. Die (TiCl3N3)2-Gruppen sind über Chlorobrücken zu Zickzackketten assoziiert. Die nächsten Nachbarn des Titans, 2N- und 3 Cl-Atome, bilden etwa eine tetragonale Pyramide, die durch ein weiter entferntes Cl-Atom zu einem verzerrten Oktaeder ergänzt wird. Das Raman- und das IR-Spektrum wurden zugeordnet.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 112 (1979), S. 1973-1980 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The Crystal Structure and the Fluxional Behaviour in Solution of (η3-Allyl)dicarbonyl(triphenyl-phosphane)cobalt[Co(η3-C3H5)(CO)2PPh3] (1) crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1 with two molecules per unit cell. The crystal structure was solved and refined with X-ray diffraction data (R = 0.031, 2046 observed reflections). The cobalt atom has a distorted square pyramidal coordination with the formally bidentate η3-allyl ligand, the phosphane, and one carbonyl in the basal positions. According to the NMR spectra at temperatures down to 135 K, in solution there exists a fluxional equilibrium with the η3-allyl ligand oscillating between two enantiomeric positions.
    Notes: [Co(η3-C3H5)(CO)2PPh3] (1) kristallisiert triklin in der Raumgruppe P1 mit zwei Molekülen pro Elementarzelle. Die Kristallstruktur wurde mit Röntgenbeugungsdaten ermittelt und verfeinert (R = 0.031, 2046 beobachtete Reflexe). Das Cobaltatom ist verzerrt quadratisch-pyramidal koordiniert, mit dem formal zweizähnigen η3-Allylliganden, dem Phosphan und einem Carbonylliganden in der Pyramidenbasis. Nach den NMR-Spektren bei Temperaturen hinab bis 135 K liegt in Lösung ein dynamisches Gleichgewicht vor, bei dem die η3-Allylgruppe zwischen zwei enantiomeren Positionen fluktuiert.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 77 (1994), S. 1611-1615 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Formation, X-Ray Crystal Structure, and Absolute Configuration of (-)-N-(Chloromethyl)galanthaminium ChlorideThe acetylcholinesterase inhibitor galanthamine (1), main alkaloid of several Narcissus species, readily forms a quaternary ammonium salt by reaction with the solvent CH2Cl2. The structure and absolute configuration of (-)-N-(chloromethyl)galanthaminium chloride (2) were determined by X-ray diffraction (R = 0.075 for 2775 observed independent reflexions) and NMR spectroscopy. The tetragonal crystals (space group P43) contain two crystallographically independent cations which do not differ significantly from one another. The CH2Cl group is attached to the quaternary N-atom in stereospecific (R)-configuration. In the crystal, the configurational position of the Me group at the N-atom of 2 differs from that of the crystalline free base 1. Hydrogen bonding is observed from the OH group at C(3) of 2 to the Cl- anion or to the Cl-atom of an adjacent cation.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Direct Formation of 2,5-Dimethyl-3,3a,4-trithia-1-azapentalenium and 4,6-Dimethyl-3-thioxo-3H-1,2-dithiolo[4,3-c]pyridinium Ions from Acetonitrile and Hydrogen Sulfide. Crystal Structures of their Compounds with [UBr6]2⊖ and [UO2Br4]2⊖The heterocyclic title cations 1 and 2 are formed, along with other products, as [UBr6]2⊖ and [UO2Br4]2⊖ compounds, resp., by the reaction of H2S with a solution of uranium pentabromide in acetonitrile. Their crystal structures were determined by X-ray diffraction. (1)2[UBr6] has planar cations 1 in which the sulfur atoms lie along straight line but with rather different S—S distances.
    Notes: Die im Titel genannten heterocyclischen Kationen 1 und 2 bilden sich neben anderen Produkten als [UBr6]2⊖-bzw. [UO2Br4]2⊖-Salze, wenn H2S in eine Lösung von Uranpentabromid in Acetonitril eingeleitet wird. Ihre Kristallstrukturen wurden mittels Röntgenbeugung bestimmt. (1)2[UBr6] enthält planare Ionen 1, in denen die drei Schwefelatome auf einer geraden Linie liegen, jedoch mit deutlich unterschiedlichen S—S-Abständen.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 279-285 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Acetylene tungsten complexes ; Force constant calculations ; Tungsten acetylene complexes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Acetylene Complexes of Tungsten: [WCl4(HC ≡ CH)]2, [WCl4(HC ≡ CH)]2 and Crystal Structure of [WCl2(HC ≡ CH)(CH3CN)3] +[WOCl4(CH3CN)]-The tungsten acetylene complexes [WCl4(HC ≡ CH)]2 (1) and [WCl4(DC ≡ CD)]2 (2) are formed by reaction of stoichiometric amounts of acetylene and [D2]acetylene with tungsten hexachloride in dichloromethane. The ether derivatives [WCl4(XC ≡ CX)-(OEt2)] (1a, 2a) are characterized by their 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra. Based on IR spectra, force constant calculations of the structural fragments W(HC ≡ CH) and W(DC ≡ CD) in the complexes 1 and 2 provide calculated values of 3.67 and 3.74 N/cm, respectively, for the WC force constants which are greater than the value of 2.32 N/cm found in hexacarbonyltungsten. Partial hydrolysis of 1 in acetonitrile solution yields [WCl2(HC ≡ CH)(CH3CN)3]+[WOCl4(CH3CN] (3) by redox-disproportionation. Its crystal structure determination reveals that the tungsten atom of the cation has a distorted octahedral environment, coordinated by the side-on bonded acetylene, the two chlorine atoms in orthogonal positions to the acetylene ligand, and by the three N atoms of the acetonitrile molecules.
    Notes: Die wolfram-Acetylenkomplexe [WCl4(HC ≡ CH)]2 (1) bzw. [WCl4(DC ≡ CD)]2 (2) werden durch Einwirkung stöchiometrischer Mengen Acetylen bzw. [D2]Acetylen auf Wolframhexachlorid in Dichlormethan erhalten. Ihre Diethyletherderivate [WCl4(XC ≡ CX)(OEt2)] (1a, 2a) werden durch 1H- und 13C-NMR-Spektren charakterisiert. Kraftkonstantenrechnungen für die Struktrufragmente W(HC ≡ CH) bzw. W(DC ≡ CD) in den Komplexen 1 und 2 auf der Grundlage von IR-Spektren führen zu WC-Valenzkraftkonstanten, die mit 3.67 bzw. 3.74 N/cm größer sind als die in Hexacarbonylwolfram (2.32 N/cm). Partielle Hydrolyse von 1 in Acetonitrillösung führt unter Redox-Disproportionierung zu [WCl2(HC ≡ CH)(CH3CN)3]+[WOCl4(CH3CN)]- (3). Nach der Kristallstrukturanalyse ist das Wolframatom des Kations verzerrt oktaedrich von dem seitlich koordinierten Acetylenliganden, von zwei hierzu orthogonal angeordneten Chloratomen und von drei N-Atomen der Acetonitrilmoleküle umgeben.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 110 (1977), S. 788-791 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 112 (1979), S. 2039-2044 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Preparation, Vibrational Spectrum, and Crystal Structure of Dimeric (Isopropylideneamino) dimethylindiumThe title compound [Me2C=N—InMe2]2 was prepared from N-chloro-2-propanimine and trimethylindium. Its IR and Raman spectra were assigned; together with the 1H-NMR spectrum and the mass spectrum a centrosymmetric molecular structure with a four-membered (InN)2 ring was deduced. This was confirmed by an X-ray structure determination, according to which there exist two dimeric molecules per unit cell in the space group P21/c. The structure was refined with 958 reflexions up to a residual index of R = 0.024.
    Notes: Die Titelverbindung [Me2C=N-InMe2]2 wurde aus N-Chlor-2-propanimin und Trimethylindium synthetisiert. Das IR-und Raman-Spektrum wurde zugeordnet; zusammen mit dem 1H-NMR- und dem Massenspektrum ergibt sich eine zentrosymmetrische Molekülstruktur mit einem (InN)2-Vierring. Dies wird durch die Röntgenstrukturbestimmung bestätigt, nach der eine Struktur mit zwei dimeren Molekülen pro Elementarzelle in der Raumgruppe P21/c vorliegt. Die Struktur wurde bis zu einem Übereinstimmungsindex von R = 0.024 für 958 Reflexe verfeinert.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Wärmeübergang ; Schmelzen ; Sublimieren ; Filmsieden ; freie Konvektion ; Strömung ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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