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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 85 (1996), S. 291-294 
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Fuzzy ; immunology ; cellular automata
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The self-nonself character of antigens is considered to be fuzzy. The Chowdhuryet al. cellular automata model is generalized accordingly. New steady states are found. The first corresponds to a below-normal help and suppression and is proposed to be related to autoimmune diseases. The second corresponds to a below-normal B-cell level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 92 (1998), S. 707-712 
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Hepatitis B ; cellular automata ; globally stable
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Hepatitis B transmission is shown to be dilficult to model using differential equations, but easily modeled using cellular automata.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 122 (1991), S. 59-70 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: 2′,3′-Dideoxycytidines ; 2′,3′-Dideoxyuridines ; 5-Alkoxymethyluracils ; Human immunodeficiency virus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ausgehend vonL-Glutaminsäure (1) wird eine modifizierte Synthese von geschützter 2,3-Dideoxyribose (5) beschrieben. Reaktion von5 mit silyliertem 5-Alkoxymethyluracilen7 b–e in Gegenwart von Trimethylsilyltriflat ergab anomere Mischungen der 2′,3′-Dideoxyuridinderivate8 a–e und9 a–e. Abspaltung der Schutzgruppe mit methanolischen Ammoniak und chromatographische Trennung ergab die entsprechenden Nucleoside10 a–e und11 a–e. Behandlung von9 b–e mit Tri(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)phosphinoxid und nachfolgende Reaktion von12 b–e mit Ammoniak in Dioxan ergab die Cytosinderivate13 b–e, welche nach Behandlung mit methanolischem Ammoniak die entsprechenden 2′,3′-Dideoxycytidinderivate14 b–e und15 b–e ergaben. Im Gegensatz zur Stammverbindung hatten diese Alkoxymethylderivate keine nennenswerte Wirksamkeit gegen den menschlichen Immunschwächevirus (HIV-1).
    Notes: Summary A modified synthesis of protected 2,3-dideoxyribose5 starting fromL-glutamic acid (1) is described. Reaction of5 with silylated 5-hydroxymethyluracil7 a and 5-alkoxymethyluracils7 b–e in the presence of trimethylsilyl triflate afforded an anomeric mixture of 2′,3′-dideoxyuridine derivatives8 a–e and9 a–e. Deprotection with methanolic ammonia and separation by chromatography gave the corresponding nucleosides10 a–e and11 a–e. Treatment of9 b–e with tri(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)phosphine oxide and subsequent reaction of12 b–e with ammonia in dioxane afforded the cytosine derivatives13 b–e which on treatment with methanolic ammonia gave the corresponding 2′,3′-dideoxycytidine derivatives14 b–e and15 b–e. In contrast with the parent compounds, these alkoxymethyl derivatives had no appreciable activity against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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