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  • Inorganic Chemistry  (8)
  • Chromatophores  (3)
  • 32.80.H  (2)
  • Battered child syndrome  (2)
  • Cancer patients  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 94 (1985), S. 93-101 
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Infant skull fractures ; Biomechanical fragility ; Battered child syndrome ; Schädelfraktur, Säuglinge ; Biomechanische Fragilität ; Kindesmißhandlung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In Fortführung früherer experimenteller, postmortaler Schädelbruchverletzungen von Säuglingen nach Stürzen aus 82 cm Höhe wurden weitere 35 Sturzversuche durchgeführt, so daß insgesamt Ergebnisse von 50 Fällen vorliegen. Bei je 5 Sturzversuchen auf harten Untergrund — (Steinkachelboden, Teppichboden und Linol-Schaumstoff) — waren in allen Fällen Kalottenfrakturen entstanden. Bei den 35 Sturzvorgängen auf weich gepolsterten Untergrund — (Schaumstoffmatte, Kamelhaardecke) — traten bei 5 Fällen gleichartige Frakturen auf, die im Os parietale lokalisiert waren. In dieser Region besteht bis zum späten Säuglingsalter wegen primärer Einschichtigkeit der Ossifikation, noch fehlender Diploe und Vaskularisation eine besondere Prädilektionszone für Bruchverletzungen nach stumpfer Gewalt, insbesondere bei Sturz auf den Kopf. Diese Untersuchungsergebnisse haben somit bestätigt, daß nach angeblichen Sturzvorgängen aus Wickeltischhöhe die Annahme der Unversehrtheit des Säuglingsschädels nicht berechtig ist.
    Notes: Summary Following previous experiments on postmortem skull fractures of infants, falls from 82-cm heights onto stone (A), carpet (B) and foam-backed linoleum (C), 35 further falling tests were carried out onto softly cushioned ground. In 10 cases a 2-cm thick foam rubber mat (D) was chosen and in 25 further cases a double-folded (8-cm-thick) camel hair blanket (E). Hence the results of altogether 50 tests could be evaluated. In test groups A–C on a relatively hard surface, skull fractures of the parietale were observed in every case; in test group D this fracture was seen in one case and in test group E in four cases. Measurements along the fracture fissures showed bone thicknesses of 0.1–0.4 mm. The fracture injuries originated in paper-thin single-layer bone areas without diploe, which can also be considered the preferred regions for skull fractures of older infants following falls from low heights. These results indicate that it is no longer possible to assume that the skull of infants is not damaged after falls from table height.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 92 (1984), S. 87-94 
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Infant skull fractures, experimental study ; Battered child syndrome ; Schädelfraktur, Säuglinge ; Sturzhöhe ; Kindesmißhandlung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Nach pädiatrischen Untersuchungen sollen Stürze aus Standhöhe zu Schädelfrakturen des Säuglings führen können und meist symptomlos bleiben. Fast jeder Säugling hat einen oder mehrere Stürze aus „niedriger Höhe“, z. B. aus dem Kinderwagen, vom Wickeltisch, von der Treppe etc., erlitten. Unter den forensischen Aspekten der Aufsichtspflichtverletzung, der Kindesmißhandlung bzw. der Kindestötung stellt sich für den Rechtsmediziner oft die Frage, ob Schädelbrüche beim Säugling tatsächlich bei angeblich geringen Fallhöhen entstehen können. In 3 Testserien (à 5) ist der Sturz aus 0,82 m im freien Fall 1) auf Stein-Kachelboden, 2) auf Teppichboden, 3) auf Linol-Schaumstoffboden erfolgt. Nach den Obduktionsbefunden sind in allen Fällen Schädelbrüche entstanden, unabhängig von der Beschaffenheit des Bodens. In 3 Fällen haben die Bruchlinien die Schädelnähte überschritten. Fazit: 1. Bei Stürzen aus Wickeltischhöhe ist prinzipiell mit Brüchen des Säuglingsschädels zu rechnen. 2. Bei dem Verdacht einer Kindesmißhandlung bleibt letztlich der Gesamtaspekt entscheidend.
    Notes: Summary According to pediatric statements, falls from a standing position may cause skull fractures in infants without specific symptoms. Nearly every infant has at some time fallen from the changing table or the baby carriage, etc. From the forensic aspect it is the duty of experts to discuss the “battered child syndrome.” Evidence given by the defendants concerning the height of the fall are unreliable. Experimental test series concerned with the stumbling height (82 cm in free fall) and three various types of floor—stone, carpet, and foam-backed linoleum—were carried out. In each case skull fractures were seen. In three cases the fractures crossed the sutures. Conclusions: (1) Each fall of an infant from the height of a table may cause a skull fracture, which may lead to death; (2) when child mishandling is suspected, all circumstances must be taken into consideration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 56 (1978), S. 905-909 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Tuberkulin-Test, Dinitrochlorbenzoltest ; Zytostatische Therapie ; Solide Karzinome ; Zelluläre Immunität ; Tuberculin test ; DNCB test ; Cytostatic drug therapy ; Cancer patients
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In 137 patients with different kinds of cancer and different cancer stage, cell-mediated immunity was investigated by DNCB (dinitrochlorobenzene) and tuberculin test. These two skin tests were performed before and after cytostatic drug combination therapy. For a collective of cancer patients we found a positive correlation between skin reactions and prognosis and a negative correlation between skin reactions and cancer stage. After cytostatic drug therapy skin reactions could be significantly stronger. This could be observed in 50% when one test was positive before chemotherapy and in only 20% when both tests were negative before chemotherapy. There existed a significant correlation between an increased reaction after cytostatic drug therapy and objective tumor regression. When skin reactions decreased, tumor progression was seen in all cases. Due to these observations we use skin reactions as a good parameter for therapy results. When delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity impairs 2–3 weeks after chemotherapy, we then change the cytostatic drug combination immediately. We cannot say at this moment, whether an improvement of cytostatic drug therapy can be reached in this way.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei 137 Patienten mit unterschiedlichen soliden Karzinomen und verschiedenem Tumorstadium wurde die zelluläre Immunität durch Tuberkulin- und DNCB-(Dinitrochlorbenzol)-Test untersucht. Die Tests wurden vor und nach zytostatischer Stoßtherapie durchgeführt. Insgesamt fanden wir eine positive Korrelation zwischen Hauttests und Prognose und eine negative Korrelation zwischen Hauttests und Tumorstadium. Wenn mindestens ein Test vor Chemotherapie positiv war, konnten wir in ca. 50% eine Verbesserung der zellulären Immunität registrieren, dagegen nur in 20%, wenn beide Tests vor zytostatischer Therapie negativ waren. Ein signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen verbesserter Reaktion auf Tuberkulin und/oder DNCB nach zytostatischer Therapie und objektiver Tumorrückbildung wurde beobachtet. Wenn beide Reaktionen schwächer wurden, folgteimmer eine Tumorprogression. Aufgrund dieser Beobachtungen verwenden wir die Hauttests als wertvollen Parameter für den Therapieerfolg. Wir wechseln daher sofort die Zytostatikakombination, wenn 2–3 Wochen nach Chemotherapie die Hautreaktionen schwächer werden. Ob hierdurch eine Verbesserung der Zytostatikatherapie möglich ist, kann derzeit noch nicht sicher gesagt werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Supportive care in cancer 6 (1998), S. 195-196 
    ISSN: 1433-7339
    Keywords: Key words Oncology nursing ; Cancer patients ; Palliative care
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The Oncology Home Care Service in Basel provides nursing support to let cancer sufferers choose where they receive palliative care. Most of the cost is borne by the patient's health insurance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 133 (1972), S. 82-102 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Echinoidea ; Colour change ; Chromatophores ; Amoeboid movement ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Für den physiologischen Farbwechsel bei Vertebraten und Evertebraten gilt die Vorstellung, daß eine Pigmentbewegung innerhalb einer formkonstanten Zelle stattfindet. Am Seeigel Centrostephanus longispinus wird nun der Nachweis einer amoeboiden Bewegung von Pigmentzellen geführt: Die Epidermis von Centrostephanus enthält große braune Chromatophoren, die bei Belichtung eine Pigmentdispersion, bei Verdunkelung eine Konzentration des Pigments zeigen. Die Chromatophoren sind außerordentlich stark verzweigte Zellen, deren Arme dicht mit Pigmentgrana erfüllt sind. Im geballten Zustand ist die allgemeine Zellform mehr oder weniger ovoid, wobei die Zellarme eingezogen und dicht um die Zellmitte angeordnet sind. Dispersion des Pigments wird hervorgerufen durch Ausstrecken der pigmentierten Zellarme in den Interzellularraum des umgebenden Gewebes. Innerhalb der Zelle werden filamentöse Elemente nachgewiesen, die vermutlich für die Zellbeweglichkeit verantwortlich sind. — Ferner wird der zelluläre Aufbau des Integuments beschrieben.
    Notes: Summary Rapid colour changes in vertebrate and invertebrate species are considered to be due to movement of pigment granules within pigment cells of constant shape. Evidence is presented in this study to show that an amoeboid movement of chromatophores occurs in the epidermis of the Echinoderm Centrostephanus longispinus. The epidermis in this species contains large brown chromatophores, which display a dispersion of pigment on illumination and its concentration on darkening. The chromatophores are extensively branched cells, and their branches are densely packed with pigment granules. In the state of pigment concentration, the shape of the cell is more or less ovoid, and the cell branches are drawn in and closely arranged around the cell centre. Dispersion is attained by a stretching out of the pigmented cell branches into the intercellular spaces of the surrounding tissue. Within the cell, filamentous elements, which may be functional in the motility of the pigment cell, can be demonstrated.—Additionally the cellular composition of the integument is described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 182 (1977), S. 165-176 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Chromatophores ; Light-sensitivity ; Granule motion ; Echinoids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Alterations in cell shape of the light-sensitive chromatophores of Centrostephanus longispinus are described. Upon illumination a centrifugal pigment movement starts within extremely thin filopodia which radiate from the cell body. With continued pigment migration the cellular processes increase in length and diameter and give the cell an irregular stellate appearance. Pigment movement within the cellular processes is discontinuous in space and time and may occur independently in single filopodia. The motion of single granules shows characteristic features of a saltatory movement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 16 (1990), S. 97-106 
    ISSN: 1434-6079
    Keywords: 34.80.D ; 32.80.H
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have measured the ratio of cross sections σ(KL 2,3)/σ(K) for neon for electron impact in the energy range ofE 0=1.5 ... 50 keV via the intensity ofKL 2,3−LLL 2,3 Auger satellite lines relative to the intensity ofKL 1 L 2,3 (3 P) diagram line. The experimental ratio decreases over the full range of energyE 0 which is contrary to an earlier result by Carlson et al. We have also measured the alignment ofKL 2,3 1 P and3 P states via the angular distribution of Auger satellite intensity for the energy rangeE 0=1.5 ... 4 keV, within experimental error we have found a zero alignment. The totalK Auger spectrum, measured forE 0=40 keV and at the magic angle of emission ϑ=54.7°, has been decomposed into its components by using appropriate line shapes distorted by postcollision interaction. Finally, we discussed whether the lines observed at the high-energy side ofKL 2,3−LLL 2,3 Auger satellite lines can be interpreted as structures caused by an angular momentum exchange in the postcollision interaction predicted by Niehaus and Zwakhals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 31 (1994), S. 53-54 
    ISSN: 1434-6079
    Keywords: 34.80.D ; 32.80.H
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract From intensity of Auger transitions (1s2p)−1 1 P,3 P→2p −3 2 P,2 D+e A − relative to 1s −1 2 S→2p −2 1 D+e A − measured at ϑ=54 and 90° relative to the primary electron beam we have determined the alignment of double vacancy states (1s 2p)−1 1 P and3 P of neon for electron impact ionization for the impact energies 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 4.0 keV. ForE 0=1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 keV the alignment is compatible with zero with an upper limit of , forE 0=4.0 keV a small negative value was found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 74 (1912), S. 297-309 
    ISSN: 0863-1778
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 201 (1931), S. 41-74 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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