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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Bedeckungsreaktion von Seeigeln. Neue Versuche und Deutungen (1970)
    Springer
    Marine biology 6 (1970), S. 135-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Es wurden die Bedingungen untersucht, unter denen Bedeckung (“Maskierung”) bei den Seeigeln Paracentrotus lividus, Psammechinus miliaris und 2 anderen Arten auftritt. 2. Eine Bedeckung kann sowohl im Dunkeln als auch im Hellen stattfinden. Sie setzt das Vorhandensein passender Objekte und einer Lokomotionsaktivität des Seeigels bzw. einer Suchktivität seiner Ambulacralfüßchen voraus. 3. Da Bedeckung auch auf chemische und mechanische Reizung hin auftreten kann, ist sie sehr wahrscheinlich keine spezifische Lichtschutzreaktion sondern das Ergebnis einer allgemeinen Steigerung der Lokomotions- bzw. Füßchenaktivität. 4. Eine scheinbare Auswahl zwischen verschiedenen Bedeckungsobjekten kann durch die Funktion der Füßchen und Stacheln geschehen. Größe, Form, Gewicht, Struktur und chemische Beschaffenheit der Objekte spielen eine Rolle. Ob ein aufgenommenes Objckt behalten wird, hängt zudem noch vom Ausmaß der Wasserbewegung oder der allgemeinen Aktivität des Tieres ab. Durchsichtigkeit und Farben von Objekten sind nicht von Bedeutung. 5. Die Bedeckungsreaktion wird auf der Ebene von Füßchen- und Stachelreflexen erklärt. Das Aufladen der Objekte kann als “relatives Kriechen” verstanden werden: Dieselben Reflexe, die das Tier auf festem Grund vorwärtsbewegen, ziehen lose Partikel an das Tier heran und laden sie auf.
    Notes: Abstract The conditions under which covering (“decorating”, “masking”) takes place have been studied in the sea urchins Paracentrotus lividus, Psammechinus miliaris and 2 other species. Covering occurs equally in darkness or light. It requires suitable objects and locomotion or searching activity of the tube feet. The covering reaction which may follow chemical, mechanical or optical stimuli may be purely the result of an increase in locomotory or general activity. Initial selection of different covering objects depends on the tube feet reflexes; size, form and weight of the object are important. Whether an object is accepted or not, depends on its surface and structure, the amount of water movement and the general activity level of the sea urchin. Transparency and colour of an object do not appear to be important. It is suggested that the covering process can be explained in terms of local tube feet and spine reflexes. The loading-up of objects may be understood as “relative walking”: the same reflexes which move the urchin on stable ground, draw loose particles towards the animal and then upwards.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00347243
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response to sound in crickets without tympanal organs (Gryllus campestris L.) (1973)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 87 (1973), S. 89-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Acoustic signals (10–100 msec, 5kHz, 70 or 80 dB) have an inhibitory effect on chirping in the cricketGryllus campestris L. After a reaction time of approximately 50 msec there is a period of about 150 msec (at 27 °C) during which it is very unlikely that a chirp will begin. The effect is not abolished by removal of the tympanal organs, antennae and cerci. Electrophysiological recordings made from the neck connectives in freely moving insects show that tympanal ablation does not abolish sound reception.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00699298
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low-frequency airborne vibrations generated by crickets during singing and aggression
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Insect Physiology 31 (1985), S. 925-929 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-1910
    Keywords: Gryllus bimaculatus ; airborne vibration ; communication ; cricket ; low-frequency sound ; stridulation
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1910(85)90026-5
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response of the cercus-to-giant interneuron system in crickets to species-specific song (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 141 (1981), S. 311-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In addition to their high frequency stridulatory sound, crickets (Gryllus campestris) also produce low frequency airborne vibrations resulting from the strokes of the crickets' wings closing and opening during stridulation. Giant interneurons of the ventral cord, which receive inputs from cereal hairs, respond to these low frequencly components of cricket song up to a distance of some ten cm. The discharges are correlated to the time course of the acoustic stimulation, therefore allowing the transmission of the time patterns (syllables, chirps) of calling song, rivalry song and even courtship song. With simultaneous recording from both sides of the abdominal nerve cord, synchronous or alternating discharges can be detected, correlated either with syllables or intervals. The response mode depends on the position of the two individuals in relation to each other. Recording directly from singing males demonstrates interneuron response to selfgenerated signals, too. A possible communicative function of the system is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00609933
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Giant rhabdomes in a specialized region of the compound eye of a cricket: Cycloptiloides canariensis (Insecta, Gryllidae) (1983)
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 102 (1983), S. 65-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The cricket Cycloptiloides canariensis (Gryllidae, Mogoplistinae) has compound eyes of the eucone apposition type. They consist of relatively few (about 160–190) ommatidia with a wide angle of divergence. Each ommatidium has two primary pigment cells, four Semper cells and eight retinula cells whose four distal rhabdomeres are arranged around the tip of the crystalline cone. The screening pigments are contained mainly in the primary pigment and retinula cells, while the secondary pigment cells are sparsely pigmented. The dorsal eye region can be distinguished by the following characteristics: lack of dioptric apparatus (flat, unfacetted cornea, absence of cones), densely packed rhabdomes in approximately parallel orientation extending distally to the cornea and possessing a markedly increased cross-sectional area in comparison with those of normal ommatidia. Screening pigments are absent. The importance of this dorsal region will be discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00310733
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of the acoustic orientation behavior in crickets (Gryllus campestris L.) (1980)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 67 (1980), S. 99-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01054701
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Processing wing flick-generated air-vortex signals in the African cave cricketPhaeophilacris spectrum (1991)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 78 (1991), S. 277-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01134358
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Communication by infrasound in a non-stridulating cricket (1979)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 66 (1979), S. 530-530 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00404875
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proprioceptive feedback influences the calling song of the field cricket (1983)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 70 (1983), S. 417-418 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01047183
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amöboid bewegliche Pigmentzellen im Epithel des Seeigels Centrostephanus longispinus (1972)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 133 (1972), S. 82-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Echinoidea ; Colour change ; Chromatophores ; Amoeboid movement ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Für den physiologischen Farbwechsel bei Vertebraten und Evertebraten gilt die Vorstellung, daß eine Pigmentbewegung innerhalb einer formkonstanten Zelle stattfindet. Am Seeigel Centrostephanus longispinus wird nun der Nachweis einer amoeboiden Bewegung von Pigmentzellen geführt: Die Epidermis von Centrostephanus enthält große braune Chromatophoren, die bei Belichtung eine Pigmentdispersion, bei Verdunkelung eine Konzentration des Pigments zeigen. Die Chromatophoren sind außerordentlich stark verzweigte Zellen, deren Arme dicht mit Pigmentgrana erfüllt sind. Im geballten Zustand ist die allgemeine Zellform mehr oder weniger ovoid, wobei die Zellarme eingezogen und dicht um die Zellmitte angeordnet sind. Dispersion des Pigments wird hervorgerufen durch Ausstrecken der pigmentierten Zellarme in den Interzellularraum des umgebenden Gewebes. Innerhalb der Zelle werden filamentöse Elemente nachgewiesen, die vermutlich für die Zellbeweglichkeit verantwortlich sind. — Ferner wird der zelluläre Aufbau des Integuments beschrieben.
    Notes: Summary Rapid colour changes in vertebrate and invertebrate species are considered to be due to movement of pigment granules within pigment cells of constant shape. Evidence is presented in this study to show that an amoeboid movement of chromatophores occurs in the epidermis of the Echinoderm Centrostephanus longispinus. The epidermis in this species contains large brown chromatophores, which display a dispersion of pigment on illumination and its concentration on darkening. The chromatophores are extensively branched cells, and their branches are densely packed with pigment granules. In the state of pigment concentration, the shape of the cell is more or less ovoid, and the cell branches are drawn in and closely arranged around the cell centre. Dispersion is attained by a stretching out of the pigmented cell branches into the intercellular spaces of the surrounding tissue. Within the cell, filamentous elements, which may be functional in the motility of the pigment cell, can be demonstrated.—Additionally the cellular composition of the integument is described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307069
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