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  • Chemistry  (28)
  • Leukemia  (2)
  • 4′-deoxydoxorubicin  (1)
  • Complexes  (1)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Keywords: Cytarabine ; Leukemia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The pharmacokinetics of cytarabine (ara-C) were determined in 265 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) receiving ara-C (200 mg/m2 per day for 7 days as a continuous infusion) and daunorubicin during induction therapy. The mean (standard deviation) ara-C concentration at steady-state (Css) and systemic clearance (Cl) were 0.30 (0.13) μM and 134 (71) l/h per m2 respectively. Males had a significantly faster ara-C Cl (139 vs 131 l/h per m2,P=0.025) than females. Significant correlations were noted between ara-C Cl and the pretreatment, peripheral white blood cell count (P=0.005) and pretreatment blast count (P=0.020). No significant differences in ara-C Css or Cl were noted in patients achieving complete remission compared with those failing therapy (P=0.315,P=0.344, respectively). No significant correlations were observed between ara-C pharmacokinetic parameters and several indices of patient toxicity. Our findings indicate that variability in ara-C disposition in plasma at this dosage level does not correlate with remission status or toxicity in patients with AML receiving initial induction therapy with ara-C and daunorubicin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Keywords: Key words Cytarabine ; Leukemia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The pharmacokinetics of cytarabine (ara-C) were determined in 265 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) receiving ara-C (200 mg/m2 per day for 7 days as a continuous infusion) and daunorubicin during induction therapy. The mean (standard deviation) ara-C concentration at steady-state (Css) and systemic clearance (Cl) were 0.30 (0.13) μM and 134 (71) l/h per m2 respectively. Males had a significantly faster ara-C Cl (139 vs 131 l/h per m2, P=0.025) than females. Significant correlations were noted between ara-C Cl and the pretreatment, peripheral white blood cell count (P=0.005) and pretreatment blast count (P=0.020). No significant differences in ara-C Css or Cl were noted in patients achieving complete remission compared with those failing therapy (P=0.315, P=0.344, respectively). No significant correlations were observed between ara-C pharmacokinetic parameters and several indices of patient toxicity. Our findings indicate that variability in ara-C disposition in plasma at this dosage level does not correlate with remission status or toxicity in patients with AML receiving initial induction therapy with ara-C and daunorubicin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Keywords: electronic structure ; exchange coupling ; heme proteins ; iron complexes ; porhyrins ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The molecular structure of the chloroiron(III) porphyrinate [FeIIICl- (tmtmp)] (1) is described. The doming off the bifacially encumbered tmtmp dianionic ligand present in 1 is characterized by a separation of 0.09 (1) Å between the mean plane of the four pyrrole nitrogens (4NP) and that of the porphyrin core. The coordination polyhedron of the five-coordinate iron atom is a square pyramid of C4v symmetry. The metal is displaced by 0.44 (1) Å from the 4Np mean plane towards the axial chloro ligand. The Fe-Np and Fe-Cl bond lengths are 2.057 (6) and 2.223(5) Å, respectively. Upon treatment of [FeIIITf(tmtmp)] (2) with m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid, the green oxoferryl π radical cation complex [FeIV=O(tmtmp)]+ (3) is obtained. It has been studied by EPR, Mössbauer, and resonance Raman spectroscopy. It exhibits an EPR spectrum strikingly similar to those of compounds I of Micrococcus lysodeikticus catalase (APX-I) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX-I) The exchange interactions between the spins of the radical cation and the ferryl iron are of the ferromagnetic type and are the weakest ever found for a synthetic compound I model. The shift of + 22 cm-1 in the radical marker band v2 in the resonance Raman spectra upon oxidation of 2 to 3 confirms that the electronic state of the porphyrin π radical cation is predominantly 2Alu in this tmtmp compound 1 model.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-0646
    Keywords: esorubicin ; 4′-deoxydoxorubicin ; cardiotoxicity ; anthracycline analog
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Esorubicin (4′-deoxydoxorubicin, DxDx) has undergone extensive Phase II investigation for the treatment of cancer. Based on in vitro and animal data, esorubicin may possess less myocardial toxicity when compared to doxorubicin. One hundred thirty-six patients with histologically or cytologically documented non-small cell lung cancer or advanced breast cancer were enrolled in two concurrent CALGB clinical trials using esorubicin at a dose of 30 mg/m2 administered intravenously every 21 days. No patient had previously received an anthracycline agent or had evidence of severe cardiovascular disease. Cardiotoxicity was observed in eleven patients. Four patients developed symptoms of congestive heart failure and three asymptomatic patients had a significant fall in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) as measured by gated pool heart scan. Four patients had cardiac signs or symptoms of indeterminate relationship to esorubicin therapy. Of 44 patients receiving more than four cycles of therapy, 36 patients (82%) had serial gated pool heart scans permitting assessment of subclinical myocardial toxicity. A 5% drop in LVEF was observed following approximately 240 mg/m2 esorubicin; a 10% drop was observed after approximately 480 mg/m2. If further clinical studies are undertaken with esorubicin, investigators are advised to monitor cardiac function frequently once the cumulative esorubicin dose exceeds 240 mg/m2. If congestive failure appears during therapy, prompt cessation of esorubicin and institution of inotropic agents may provide effective palliation. Normal myocardial function may be restored within several months.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 87 (1975), S. 545-546 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 89 (1977), S. 819-820 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 90 (1978), S. 828-829 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 86 (1974), S. 12-21 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Additionsverbindungen aus Lewis-Säuren MXn und Säurehalogeniden R—COX treten intermediär bei der Friedel-Crafts-Acylierung auf. IR- und NMR-Untersuchungen dieser Zwischenprodukte haben die Existenz von Strukturisomeren wahrscheinlich gemacht. Bei der Röntgen-Strukturanalyse lassen sich zwei Formen unterscheiden: die Molekülform, in der die Verbindungen als Donor-Acceptor-Komplexe R—CXO←MXn vorliegen, und die Ionenform, in der sie als Oxocarbenium-Salze [R—CO]+ [MXn - 1]- formuliert werden können. Die Verbindungen vom Donor-Acceptor-Typ R—CXO↔MXn zeichnen sich durch die Bildung einer koordinativen Sauerstoff-Metall-Bindung aus: der Elektronenübergang vom Sauerstoff zum Metall des Acceptors rührt immer von einer schwachen Donor-Acceptor-Wechselwirkung her. Die positive Ladung der Aryloxocarbenium-Ionen ist teilweise über den aromatischen Kern delokalisiert. Im Gegensatz dazu befindet sich die positive Ladung bei den Alkyloxocarbenium-Ionen im wesentlichen auf dem Kohlenstoffatom der Carbonylgruppe, wie Berechnungen der Elektronendichteverteilung bestätigten.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Bisporphyrinates, cerium(IV) ; Lanthanoid porphyrins ; Metalloporphyrins ; Tetrapyrrole complexes, sandwich-like ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Metallkomplexe mit Tetrapyrrol-Liganden, LIV.  -  Synthese, Spektren, Struktur und Redox-Chemie von Cer(VI)-Bisporphyrinaten mit gleichen und verschiedenen Porphyrin-Ringen im Sandwich-SystemWeitere symmetrische Cer(IV)-Bisporphyrinate werden aus Cer-(III)-acetylacetonat und Tetraphenylporphyrin, Tetra-p-chlorphenylporphyrin, und Hexadecahydrotetrabenzporphyrin hergestellt. Aus dem letzteren Porphyrin entsteht auch ein Biscer(III)-Tripeldecker; ein solcher bildet sich als einziges Produkt aus Octamethylporphyrin. Aus einem Gemisch zweier verschiedener Porphyrine, nämlich Octaethylporphyrin [H2(OEP)], und Tetraphenyl-porphyrin [H2(TPP)] oder Tetra-p-chlorphenylporphyrin [H2-(TClP)] erhält man neben den symmetrischen Spezies Ce(OEP)2 und Ce(TPP)2 die unsymmetrischen („gemischten“) Doppeldecker Ce(OEP)(TPP) oder Ce(OEP)(TClP), die verschiedene Porphyrin-Ringe im Sandwich-System haben und sich trennen lassen. Die Kristallstrukturanalyse von Ce(OEP)(TPP) zeigt CeIV in quadratisch-antiprismatischer Umgebung der Pyrrol-N-Atome der Porphyrin-Ringe. Während die IR- und NMR-Spektren der unsymmetrischen Doppeldecker-Überlagerungen der Spektren, die einzelnen Ringe darstellen, zeigen ihre UV/VIS-Spektren und die cyclischen Voltammogramme, daß die zwei unterschiedlichen Porphyrin-Ringe sich wie ein gemeinsames π-Elektronensystem verhalten. Die Darstellung der π-Kation-Radikal-Salze [Ce(OEP)2]-ClO4 und [Ce(OEP)(TPP)]SbCl6 wird ebenfalls beschrieben. In letzterem scheint sich das Defektelektron bevorzugt im OEP-Ring aufzuhalten.
    Notes: Further symmetrical cerium(IV) bisporphyrinates are prepared from cerium(III) acetylacetonate and tetraphenylporphyrin, tetra-p-chlorophenylporphyrin, and hexadecahydrotetrabenzporphyrin. In the latter case, a biscerium(III) triple-decker is also found which is the only product in the case of octamethylporphyrin. From a mixture of two different porphyrins, namely octaethylporphyrin [H2(OEP)] and either tetraphenylporphyrin [H2(TPP)] or tetra-p-chlorophenylporphyrin [H2(TClP)], besides the symmetrical species Ce(OEP)2 and Ce(TPP)2, the unsymmetrical (“mixed”) double-deckers Ce(OEP)(TPP) or Ce(OEP)(TClP) are obtained which have different porphyrin rings in the sandwich system and can be separated by chromatography. The crystal structure analysis of Ce(OEP)(TPP) shows CeIV in a square-antiprismatic geometry of the pyrrole N atoms of the porphyrin rings. While the IR and NMR spectra of the unsymmetrical double-deckers are superpositions of the spectra of the individual rings, their UV/VIS spectra and cyclic voltammograms indicate that the two porphyrin rings behave as a common π-electron system. The preparation of the π-cation radical salts [Ce(OEP)2]ClO4 and [Ce(OEP)(TPP)]SbCl6 is also described. In the latter, the defect electron seems to reside preferentially in the OEP ring.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Zirconium porphyrins ; Hafnium porphyrins ; Porphyrin double deckers ; Metal bisporphyrinates ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis of new zirconium and hafnium bisporphyrinate double deckers M(P)2 (M=Zr, Hf; P=OEP, TPP)2,3) is described. The complexes are characterized by UV/Vis/NIR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. As compared with M=Ce, the redox potentials or the energies of the nearinfrared absorption bands of the corresponding radical cations [M(P)2]+ are lower by ≍ 0.2 V or higher by ≍ 2000 cm-1, respectively, Hence, there is a stronger π-π interaction between the porphyrin ligands as compared with the cerium analogues due to the smaller ionic radii of Zr(IV) and Hf(IV). X-ray crystallography of Zr(TPP)2 confirms the sandwich-like structure of the compound and the close proximity of the porphyrin ligands.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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