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  • 1
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: [3H]paroxetine ; hippocampus ; schizophrenia ; neuroleptic drugs ; suicide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary [3H]paroxetine binding to membrane from hippocampus, obtained at autopsy, from 24 schizophrenic and 24 non-schizophrenic subjects has been measured. The affinity of [3H]paroxetine binding to hippocampal membrane was decreased in subjects with schizophrenia (Kd=0.50 ± 0.04 vs. 0.24 ± 0.02nM; mean ± S.E.M. p 〈 0.001) but was not different in schizophrenic subjects who had or had not committed suicide (Kd=0.50 ± 0.07 vs. 0.50 ± 0.04nM). The density of [3H]paroxetine binding sites did not differ between the schizophrenic and non-schizophrenic subjects. For the schizophrenic subjects, there was no relationship between ante-mortem neuroleptic drug treatment and [3H]paroxetine binding to the hippocampal membrane. Finally, this study has shown that neuroleptic drug treatment of rats does not alter [3H]paroxetine binding to the hippocampal membranes. Thus, it would seem that the changes in the affinity of [3H]paroxetine binding to the hippocampus of schizophrenic subjects are not likely to be due to neuroleptic drug treatment but may be involved in the pathology of the illness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 104 (1997), S. 1371-1381 
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Schizophrenia ; protein kinase C ; adenylate cyclase ; hippocampus ; frontal cortex ; human brain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Changes in G-protein linked neurotransmitter receptors have been reported in a number of regions of the brain of schizophrenic subjects. These changes, if functional, could cause a change in proteins such as protein kinase C (PKC) and adenylate cyclase (AC) which are important components of the G-protein linked second messenger cascades. We therefore used autoradiography to measure the distribution and density of [3H]phorbol ester binding to PKC and [3H]forskolin binding to AC in tissue obtained at autopsy from schizophrenic and non-schizophrenic subjects (Controls). There were significant decreases in the density of PKC in the parahippocampal gyrus (687 ± 60 vs. 885 ± 51fmol/mg TE; mean ± SEM; p 〈 0.01) and in AC in the dentate gyrus (75 ± 4.9 vs. 92 ± 6.5, p 〈 0.05) from the schizophrenic subjects. These data could indicate that changes in neurotransmitter receptors in the hippocampus from subjects with schizophrenia could have resulted in a change in their associated second messenger systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 160 (1975), S. 371-387 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Frog ; Chromaffin ; Classification ; Nerve endings ; Fluorescence microscopy ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. The distribution and morphology of chromaffin cells in the para-aortic region and in the ganglia of the paravertebral sympathetic chain was studied with fluorescence histochemistry and electron microscopy. 2. Four types of chromaffin cell were distinguished largely on the basis of their vesicular content: Type I cells contain large, electron-dense vesicles (600–7000 Å) and are comparable to noradrenaline-containing cells in the adrenal gland, Type II cells contain large, vesicles (600–7000 Å) that are filled with a less electron-dense material than that in Type I cells and are comparable to adrenaline-containing cells in the adrenal gland, Type III cells contain smaller vesicles (1000–3000 Å) that are incompletely filled with an electron-dense material and may represent cells that have been depleted of their catecholamines by stimulation, Type IV cells are clearly different from the other three cell types with respect to the size and appearance of the vesicles (1000–1500 Å), nuclei and rough endoplasmic reticulum and may represent immature sympathetic neurons. 3. Nerve profiles, identified as cholinergic, were found in close apposition with all four cell types. No examples of a close association between processes of chromaffin cells and sympathetic neurons were found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 161 (1975), S. 103-117 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Tissue culture ; Chromaffin cells ; Frog ; Classification ; Phase contrast microscopy ; Fluorescence microscopy ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Extra-adrenal chromaffin cells from adult frogs were grown in tissue culture and their morphology and behaviour observed with both light and electron microscopy. 2. Two types of chromaffin cells were distinguished: Type A cells contain large, electron dense vesicles (2000–6000 Å) and are equated to Type I chromaffin cells seen in vivo, i.e. they contain noradrenaline; Type B cells contain smaller vesicles (700–2000 Å) which are incompletely filled with an electron dense material and are equated to Type III chromaffin cells seen in vivo, i.e. cells depleted of their catecholamines by stimulation. No cells comparable to Types II and IV cells in vivo were seen. 3. Close associations between the cultured chromaffin cells and sympathetic neurons were observed with the light microscope, but no examples of synaptic structures were seen in the material examined with electron microscopy in this study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 29.20 ; 41.80.D
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The first results are presented of electron cooling experiments in the Low-Energy Antiproton Ring (LEAR) at CERN, performed with a proton beam of about 50 and 21 MeV. The number of stored protons ranged from 107 to 3 × 109. Cooling times of the order 1 s and proton drag rates of up to 0.7 MeV/s were obtained. The capture of cooling electrons by protons producing hydrogen atoms was used to derive an effective electron temperature (0.25 eV). From the angular profile of the neutral hydrogen beam an upper limit of 3π mm.mrad could be deduced for the horizontal equilibrium proton-beam emittance. The lowest equilibrium momentum spread was 2 × 105 (FWHM), as derived from the analysis of the longitudinal Schottky signal. This Schottky signal exhibited an unusual behaviour with beam intensity and under certain conditions showed a doublepeak structure which was associated with collective beam noise. For very cold beams transverse instabilities were observed, which resulted in a rapid spill-off of protons and a stabilization at lower intensities. The threshold of these instabilities was raised by heating the proton or the electron beam. The cooling of a bunched proton beam was investigated. The reduction of the proton momentum spread led to bunch lengths of about 2 m, containing 3 × 108 protons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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