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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (12)
  • 42.55D  (4)
  • Arabidopsis  (2)
  • Binding site (ethylene)  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scaling and performance of CO2 lasers at supra-atmospheric pressure (1985)
    Springer
    Applied physics 37 (1985), S. 171-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55D ; 42.60B ; 58.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The performance of a compact uv photo-preionized TE laser is studied in the pressure range 1–5 bar. As the pressure is increased, the laser pulse shape is little altered, but both the peak power and the total output pulse energy increase significantly with pressure, even for constant input electrical energy. For various gas mixtures and excitation source capacitors the measurements suggest approximate output energy scaling with the product of the source charge per unit electrode area [C.m−2] and the molecular partial pressure [CO2+N2+CO]. This is explained in terms of the pressure-dependent discharge impedance. An input-energy-related discharge instability limits the optimum laser pressure to 1.5–2.5 bar, and we show that, at constant input energy, the instability boundary depends on the molecular partial pressure alone. The pre-ionization photo-electron yield varies negligibly with pressure, but the discharge tolerance to added oxygen decreases asp −3 top −4, dependent on gas mixture. Nevertheless sealed operation for 〉105 shots has been obtained with a 5% CO2∶5% CO∶3% N2∶2% H2∶85% He gas mixture at a total pressure of 5 bar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692081
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effective and simplified hybrid TEA laser design and operation (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 99-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.60B ; 42.55D
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A compact hybrid TEA CO2 laser has been developed which, when operated with the low pressure section well below oscillation threshold, demonstrates that little cw gain is necessary to ensure single longitudinal mode (SLM) output pulses with peak power, energy and pulse shape approaching those of normal multi-mode operation. This has allowed reliable SLM operation to be obtained with a very short, wide bore rf-excited low-pressure section, making feasible simple single-mode, large-aperture TEA lasers with high peak powers and energies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688354
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray preionized CO2 laser (1985)
    Springer
    Applied physics 37 (1985), S. 219-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55D ; 33.80E ; 52.80 ; 42.60B
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A short pulse (100 ns) high-energy x-ray source has been used to preionize a transversely excited carbon dioxide gas discharge laser of 600 cm3 active volume. The maximum output power of 60 MW in a 50 ns FWHM pulse was achieved from a CO2−N2−He−CO−Xe static gas mixture at 600 Torr pressure. The energy conversion efficiency was 6%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692945
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Negative ion effects in CO2 convection laser discharges (1978)
    Springer
    Applied physics 16 (1978), S. 111-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55D
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Negative ions are computed to be formed on a time scale and in quantities such that they may be a cause of plasma instability observed in low pressure electrical discharge convection CO2 lasers. In a typical CO2−N2−He−H2O laser mixture the principal ions are CO 3 − , CO 4 − and H− with the total negative ion densityn − given by 0.1n e 〈n −〈n e , wheren e is the electron density: but if the gases are re-cycled or if there is an air leak NO 2 − and NO 3 − are formed in significant amounts andn − can become greater thann e in a time considerably less than the gas dwell time in the electrical excitation discharge. CO is effective in reducingn − in a system without re-cycling, but is ineffective in a re-cycled system with the oxides of nitrogen present.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00931431
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Partial purification of an ethylene-binding site from Phaseolus vulgaris L. cotyledons (1985)
    Springer
    Planta 164 (1985), S. 272-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Binding site (ethylene) ; Ethylene (binding site) ; Phaseolus (ethylene binding)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The solubilised ethylene-binding site (EBS) of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cotyledons is an asymmetrical protein with a sedimentation coefficient of 2 S and a Stoke's radius of 6.1 nm (determined by ultracentrifugation on isokinetic gradients and gel-permeation chromatography, respectively). The molecular weight and frictional ratio were calculated as 52 000–60 000 and 2.37–2.48, respectively. The EBS has an isoelectric point at between pH 3–5, determined by isoelectric focussing and exhibits a negative charge at pH 8 during non-denaturing electrophoresis. The electrical charge on the EBS is shielded; the EBS does not bind to anion-exchange media under the experimental conditions reported here, is not precipitated by ammonium sulphate and does not precipitate at its isoelectric pH. The EBS preferentially partitions into detergent phases. The results indicate that the EBS is a hydrophobic protein complexed with detergent in aqueous solution. The techniques used to characterise the EBS also resulted in varying degress of purification.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00396092
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of solubilisation on the character of an ethylene-binding site from Phaseolus vulgaris L. cotyledons (1984)
    Springer
    Planta 160 (1984), S. 474-479 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Binding site (ethylene) ; Ethylene (binding site) ; Phaseolus (ethylene binding)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The ethylene-binding site (EBS) from Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Canadian Wonder cotyledons can be solubilised from 96,000 g pelleted material by Triton X-100 or sodium cholate. Extraction of 96,000 g pellets with acetone, butanol or butanol and ether results in a total loss of ethylene-binding activity. Like the membrane-bound form, the solubilised EBS has an apparent KD(liquid) of 10-10 M at a concentration of 32 pmol EBS per gram tissue fresh weight. Propylene and acetylene act as competitive inhibitors, carbon dioxide appears to promote ethylene binding and ethane has no significant effect. The solubilised EBS is completely denatured affect. The solubilised EBS is completely denatured after 10 min at 70°C, by 1 mM mercaptoethanol and 0.1 mM dithiothreitol, but not by trypsin or chymotrypsin. However, solubilisation decreases the rate constant of association from 103 M-1 s-1 to 101–102 M-1 s-1 and hence does not permit experimental determination of the rate constant of dissociation. The pH optimum for ethylene binding is altered from the range pH 7–10 in the membrane-bound form to the pH range 4–7 in the solubilised form. The EBS appears to be a hydrophobic, intergral membrane protein, which requires a hydrophobic environment to retain its activity. Partitioning of the EBS into polymer phases is determined by the detergent used for solubilisation indicating that when solubilised, the EBS forms a complex with detergent molecules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00429766
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ethylene binding sites in higher plants (1996)
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 18 (1996), S. 71-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: Arabidopsis ; ethylene ; ethylene binding protein ; signal transduction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A review of work carried out on ethylene binding in higher plants is presented. The use of radio-labelled displacement assays has identified specific 14C-ethylene binding in all tissues so far studied. virtually all higher plants studied contain at least two classes of ethylene binding site, one of which fully associates and dissociates in about 2 h and a class of sites that takes up to 20 h to become fully saturated. Although the types of site differ in their rate constants of association they have similar and high affinities for ethylene. A series of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants shown to vary in sensitivity to ethylene have been analysed for 14C-ethylene binding. One mutant, eti 5, which was shown to be unaffected by ethylene concentrations of up to 10,000 μL L−1 was also shown to exhibit reduced binding. In vivo and in vitro studies on pea have shown that ethylene binding can be detected in this tissue. In vitro studies have shown that both membrane and cytosolic fractions contain measurable amounts of ethylene binding. Interestingly, cytosolic ethylene binding consisted only of the fast associating/dissociating type. Developing cotyledons of Phaseolus vulgaris contain a higher concentration of ethylene binding sites that other tissues and only contain the slow dissociating component. These facets have allowed the purification of ethylene binding protein(s) (EBP) from this tissue. The proteins which bind ethylene can be resolved into two bands of 26 and 28 kDa on semi-denaturing PAGE and the proteins appear to be single entities on a 2-D gels. Data will be presented which indicate a possible role for heterotrimetric G-proteins in the early stages of the ethylene signal transduction pathway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00028490
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the possible role of protein phosphorylation in the transduction of the ethylene signal (1996)
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 18 (1996), S. 135-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: Arabidopsis ; EBP ; ethylene ; phosphorylation ; receptors ; signal transduction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Previous work in our laboratory has demonstrated the existence of high affinity binding sites for the plant growth regulator ethylene. The ethylene binding protein (EBP), from Phaseolus cotyledons, shows many of the characteristics of a functional receptor for ethylene, has been purified on SDS-PAGE and polyclonal antibodies raised in rabbits. Current work involves the investigation of the ethylene transduction signal in a number of ethylene-responsive tissues. In peas, it has been shown that ethylene promotes the phosphorylation of specific proteins of similar molecular weight to the EBP from Phaseolus. Such ethylene-induced phosphorylation can be inhibited by the ethylene antagonist, 2,5-NBD. The antibodies raised to the EBP from Phaseolus have been shown to immunoprecipitate 32P-labelled proteins from membrane protein preparations obtained from pea tissue. Studies on ethylene binding in pea have also shown that the binding of ethylene may be regulated by phosphorylation. Thus, under conditions which promote phosphorylation, binding is inhibited, whereas the reverse is true under conditions which enhance dephosphorylation. Further work is described which examines the effect of protein kinase, protein phosphatase and calcium channel inhibitors on ethylene-induced phosphorylation in peas, together with wild-type (WT) and ethylene insensitive (eti) mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana. The effects of these treatments can be monitored in vivo using the ethylene-induced triple response as a screen. Furthermore, the protein profiles of such treated seedlings can then be compared by labelling protein extracts with 32P and subjecting the samples to SDS-PAGE followed by autoradiography.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00028498
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromium depletion from stainless steels during vacuum annealing (1977)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 28 (1977), S. 405-409 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Chromverarmung nichtrostender Stähle beim Glühen im VakuumBei der selektiven Oxidation von Chrom in nichtrostenden Stählen wird das Oxidatinos-verhalten stark von den Veränderungen der Chromkonzentration an der Metalloberfläche und im Metall beeinflußt. Nach den bisherigen Annahmen verhält sich das Chrom bei der selektiven Oxidation ebenso wie bei der Verflüchtigung während des Vakuumerhitzens auf hohe Temperaturen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Verdampfung von Chrom aus Stahl 316 bei Vakuumanlassen bei 1000 °C mittels energiedispersiver Röntgenstrahlen- und Neutronenaktivierungsanalyse untersucht. Es wird festgestellt, daß der Chromverlust aus austenitischen nichtrostenden Stählen durch Interdiffusion in der Legierung kontrolliert wird. Entsprechend der Vorhersage nimmt die Chromkonzentration an der Metalloberfläche mit zunehmender Erhitzungsdauer ab. Das Chromverarmungsprofil im Metall stimmt gut über in mit einem früher obgeleiteten Modell, abgesehen von einer anomalen Zone in Oberflächennähe. Die hohe Auflösung der Neutronenaktivierungstechnik läßt erkennen, daß es sich um eine etwa 2μm dicke Zone handelt, wo die Chromkonzentration steiler absinkt als es den erwartungen entspricht.
    Notes: During selective chromium Oxidation of stainless steels the changes in chromium concentration at the metal surface and in the metal have an important bearing on the overall oxidation performance. It has been proposed that an analogue of chromium behaviour during selective oxidation is obtained from volatilisation of chromium during high temperature vacuum annealing. In the present report the evaporation of chromium from 316 type of steel, vacuum annealed at 1000 °C, has been investigated by menas of energy dispersive X-ray analysis and by neutron activation analysis. It was established that chromium loss from austenitic stainless steels is rate controlled by interdiffusion in the alloy. As predicted the chromium concentration at the metal surface decreased with increasing vacuum annealing time. The chromium depletion profile in the metal was in good agreement with the previously derived model apart from an anomalous region near the surface. Here the higher resolution of the neutron activation technique indicated a zone within ∼2μm of the surface where the chromium concentration decreased more steeply than expected.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19770280603
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Concentration profiles through a duplex oxide grown on 316 stainless steel (1978)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 29 (1978), S. 246-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Konzentrationsprofile in einem Duplex-Oxidzunder auf Stahl 316Konzentrationsprofile in auf vakuumangelassenem Stahl 316 entstandenem Duplex-Oxidzunder wurden mit Neutronenaktivierungsanalyse und energiedispersiver Analyse untersucht. Gute qualitative Übereinstimmung zwischen den beiden Methoden ergab sich für das Konzentrationsprofil von Chrom in der äußeren Oxidschicht; die Ergebnisse deuten auf eine geringe Geschwindigkeit der Stromdiffusion in die äußere Magnetitschicht. Bei der inneren Oxidschicht ist die Übereinstimmung zwischen den beiden Methoden weniger gut, da die Ergebnisse der Neutronenaktivierung durch die Anwesenheit von Metall in der Querschnittsfläche verfälscht werden. Die Ergebnisse der energiedispersiven Analysen dieser Schicht stimmen mit früheren Befunden überein, wonach normale oder nichtselektive Oxydation auftritt.
    Notes: Concentration profiles through duplex scales formed on vacuum annealed 316 stainless steel have been investigated using neutron activation analysis and energy dispersive analysis. Good qualitative agreement between the two analytical techniques was obtained for chromium concentration profiles in the outer oxide. These indicated a low rate of chromium diffusion into the Fe3O4 layer. There was less agreement between the two methods in the inner oxide as the neutron activation results were complicated by the presence of metal in sections through this oxide layer. The energy dispersive results in this layer were consistent with previous findings which indicated conservative or non selective oxidation occurring.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19780290403
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