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  • Hamster  (2)
  • 5-Aminolevulinate synthase  (1)
  • Athyroidism  (1)
  • 1
    ISSN: 0303-7207
    Keywords: 5-Aminolevulinate synthase ; Development testosterone ; Hamster ; Harderian glands ; Insulin-like growth factor
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words Mast cells ; Testosterone ; Harderian glands ; Hamster ; Cyproterone acetate ; Isoproterenol ; Salbutamol ; Cytochalasin B
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  In previous articles we have reported the ’’disappearance’’ of Harderian gland mast cells (HGMC) after treatment with testosterone. In the present work we study: (a) if the apparent decrease in the number of mast cells caused by this androgen is real or is due to the fact that testosterone induces mast cell degranulation that avoids its recognition by toluidine blue staining; (b) if testosterone acts through its receptor directly on the Harderian gland (HG). In order to give an answer to the first question, we observed HG of female Syrian hamsters treated with testosterone under the electron microscope to find the possible degranulated mast cells not recognizable with the aid of the toluidine blue staining. We also studied in vivo and in vitro the effects of the β-agonists isoproterenol and salbutamol, given that they increase cAMP and can therefore prevent degranulation of mast cells. Finally we have used cytocalasin B, which inhibits degranulation by blocking actin depolimerization. Both the β-agonists and cytochalasin B were able to prevent the decrease of mast cells, as recognized by staining with toluidine blue after treatment with testosterone. Indeed, when observed under the electron microscope, abundant degranulated mast cells were found after treatment with testosterone. For solving the second issue we analyzed the effect of the antiandrogen cyproterone acetate in vivo and in vitro. Our results demonstrate that testosterone is able to induce degranulation of HGMC in the Syrian hamster Mesocricetus auratus and that this effect is achieved directly through its receptor on the Harderian gland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Athyroidism ; Hypothyroidism ; Length Growth ; Skeletal Age ; Bone Maturity ; Catch-up Growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Größen- und Skeletentwicklung wurden 9 Jahre oder länger bei 11 Jungen und 17 Mädchen mit primärer Hypo- oder Athyreose verfolgt. Setzte die Behandlung innerhalb der ersten beiden Lebensjahre ein, kam es zu einem raschen Aufholwachstum unabhängig von der gestellten Diagnose Hypo- oder Athyreose: Die Größe stieg von einem Wert unterhalb der 3. Percentile auf einen Wert oberhalb der 50. Percentile in durchschnittlich 2–4 Jahren. Die Wachstumskurve stabilisierte sich nach Erreichen der 75. Percentile und nach Ausgleich des Skeletalters. Je stärker das Längendefizit bei Behandlungsbeginn war, um so größer war die initiale Aufholgeschwindigkeit. Die endgültige Erwachsenengröße erreichte bei Mädchen im Mittel die 70. Percentile, bei Jungen einen etwas niedrigeren Wert. Die Größe lag (oder wird liegen) bei allen ausreichend behandelten Kindern innerhalb normaler Grenzen. An einem eineiigen Zwillingspaar konnte allerdings gezeigt werden, daß das Aufholwachstum nicht immer vollständig sein mag: Der gesunde Partner erreichte die 90., der behandelte die 70. Percentile. — Setzte die Behandlung innerhalb des 1. Lebensjahres ein, überschritt das Skeletalter das chronologische Alter mit etwa 3 Jahren und blieb während der Kindheit beschleunigt. Ein solches Verhalten ist nicht bedenklich, solange das Größenwachstum überdurchschnittlich ist. Setzte die Behandlung nach dem 2. Lebensjahr ein, war das Skeletalter nicht beschleunigt. — Hypothyreotische Kinder haben von Geburt an ein deutlich verzögertes Längenwachstum. Die Diagnose würde erleichtert, wenn bei der Geburt und bei den anschließenden Kontrolluntersuchungen die Länge regelmäßig exakt bestimmt würde.
    Notes: Abstract Height and bone maturity have been followed for 9 years or more in 11 boys and 17 girls with primary hypo- or athyroidism. A marked catch-up in height carried the average patient from below the 3rd centile to above the 50th in 2 to 4 years of treatment in children treated before aged 2 — independently of the diagnosis hypo- or athyroidism. The catch-up only stabilized when the 75th centile was reached, at which point bone age had ceased to be retarded. The greater the height deficit at beginning of treatment, the greater the initial catch-up velocity. Final adult height averaged the 70th centile in girls and probably a little less in boys; every sufficiently treated child ended, or would certainly end, within normal limits. That catch-up may not always be complete, however, was shown by a pair of identical twins; the control twin reached the 90th centile as adult, while the treated twin reached the 70th. In children whose treatment started before age 1 the bone age became advanced over chronological age at about 3 years of age and remained advanced throughout childhood. This occurrence need cause no alarm provided the height centile is well above average. The bone age did not become advanced in children whose treatment started after aged 2. Hypothyroid infants show a marked reduction in rate of length growth from birth onwards and the diagnosis would be facilitated were accurate routine length measurements taken at birth and on subsequent clinic attendances.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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